Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization of drug-resistant tuberculosis in pre- and extensively drug-resistant disease based on line probe assays

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a significant impact in transmission, outcome, and health costs. The World Health Organization recommends implementation of rapid diagnostic methods for multidrug-resistance detection. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency of pre- and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB) among MDR-TB patients, the pattern of resistance mutations for fluoroquinolones and the clinical outcome. Adult patients followed at a Brazilian regional reference center for TB, from January 2013 to June 2019 were included. Stored Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cultures were recovered, the DNA was extracted, and the susceptibility test was performed using the line probe assay for second line antimycobacterial drugs, Genotype MTBDRsl version 2.0 (Hain Lifescience, CmbH, Germany). Among 33 MDR-TB included patients, we diagnosed XDR-TB or pre-XDR in five (15%) cases. Of these, mutations related to fluoroquinolones resistance were observed in four Mtb isolates, including one who had no phenotypic resistance profile. In two other patients with phenotypic resistance to ofloxacin, genotypic resistance was not found. Case fatality rate was 60% in pre/XDR-TB group, compared to 3.6% in the remaining of patients. This study observed few cases of pre-XDR and XDR-TB among a MDR-TB cohort. Phenotypic and genotypic assays presented good agreement. Clinical outcome was more favorable for patients with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and injectable drugs.

Tétano acidental: análise do perfil clínico e epidemiológico de casos internados em hospital universitário / Acquired tetanus: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients in an university hospital

O número de casos nodificados de tétano acidental no Estado de Säo Paulo sofreu reduçäo. O declínio do número de casos de qualquer doença sempre traz transformaçöes no seu perfil epidemiológico, que devem sempre ser analisadas para aprimorar as medidas preventivas. Assim, foi analisado o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de tétano internados em hospital universitário de Campinas de 1989 a 1996. Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo (série de casos). Todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de tétano de janeiro de 1989 a março de 1996, internados no hospital universitário, foram analisados. Catorze (28 por cento) eram da zona rural e 36 (72 por cento) da zona urbana. A idade média foi de 47,6 anos e a mediana de 49,5. Dos pacientes da zona rural, 42,8 por cento tinham até 30 anos e 21,42 por cento tinham mais de 50 anos, sendo a média 36,21 e a mediana 34,5: dos pacientes da zona urbana, 13,9 por cento tinham até 30 anos e 58,3 por cento mais de 50 anos, sendo a média de 52,2 a a mediana de 54,5. A letalidade foi de 20 por cento, mais elevada nos pacientes curarizados (60 por cento). Na regiäo estudada existem dois padröes epidemiológicos: o rural, com maior número de jovens, refletindo uma vacinaçäo inadequada, e o urbano, semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos, com predomínio das faixas etárias mais altas