Negative chronotropic effect of proton pump inhibitors on frog-heart preparation.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been known to cause bradycardia. We evaluated the effect of three PPIs, i.e. omeprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole on the heart rate of frog. The in situ frog heart preparation was set up. Heart rate and amplitude of contraction were studied following administration of different doses of the three PPIs. Statistical analysis was done by using Graphpad statistical software system. After 1 mg of omeprazole and rabeprazole, and 2 mg pantoprazole, the heart rate was similar as compared to baseline (p >0.05). After 2 mg of omeprazole and rabeprazole, and 4 mg pantoprazole, the reduction in heart rate was significant (p <0.05). In addition, pantoprazole caused negative ionotropic effect. The three PPIs showed a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect in the frog heart prepration.

Hepatic hydatid cysts with biliary, and peritoneal rupture and transdiaphragmatic migration.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection that most commonly involves the liver. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of this disease. Rupture of the cyst can give rise to a wide spectrum of complications. We describe a case of hepatic hydatid cyst with rupture into the biliary tree, right pleural cavity and dissemination into the peritoneal cavity, with associated splenic hydatid cysts. MRI may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool in such disseminated cases to define the complete extent of the disease.