Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 survivors

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 and the risk factors for LUTS six months after hospitalization. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients were evaluated six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score. General health was assessed through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EQ5D-L5 scale, which evaluates mobility, ability to perform daily activities, pain and discomfort and completed a self-perception health evaluation. Results: Of 255 participants, 54.1% were men and the median age was 57.3 [44.3 - 66.6] years. Pre-existing comorbidities included diabetes (35.7%), hypertension (54.5%), obesity (30.2%) and physical inactivity (65.5%). One hundred and twenty-four patients (48.6%) had a hospital stay >15 days, 181 (71.0%) were admitted to an ICU and 124 (48.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. Median IPSS was 6 [3-11] and did not differ between genders. Moderate to severe LUTS affected 108 (42.4%) patients (40.6% men and 44.4% women; p=0.610). Nocturia (58.4%) and frequency (45.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms and urgency was the only symptom that affected men (29.0%) and women (44.4%) differently (p=0.013). LUTS impacted the quality of life of 60 (23.5%) patients with women more severely affected (p=0.004). Diabetes, hypertension, and self-perception of worse general health were associated with LUTS. Conclusions: LUTS are highly prevalent and bothersome six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. Assessment of LUTS may help ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment in these patients.

The landscape of biomedical research funding in Brazil: a current overview

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders.

Relação entre medidas fornecidas por smartwatches e a identificação de síndrome da fragilidade em idosos: revisão de escopo / Relationship between measures provided by smartwatches and identification of frailty syndrome in older adults: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Esta Revisão de Escopo teve como objetivo descrever e mapear as medidas disponibilizadas pelos smartwatches como ferramenta para identificação da Síndrome de Fragilidade em idosos. Métodos Foram incluídos estudos publicados em qualquer idioma, sem restrição de data de publicação, que descrevessem o uso de medidas fornecidas por smartwatches na avaliação da Síndrome de Fragilidade e/ou seus critérios em idosos. Descritores em inglês para smartwatches, smartbands, Síndrome da Fragilidade e envelhecimento foram utilizados para desenvolver uma estratégia de busca abrangente, que foi então aplicada para pesquisar nas seguintes bases de dados: COCHRANE LIBRARY, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE e PEDRO. Resultados A busca inicial identificou um total de 156 artigos e foram identificados 2 artigos a partir da busca manual nas referências dos estudos elegíveis. Em seguida, foram incluídos 4 estudos que utilizaram medidas diárias de contagem de passos para síntese descritiva, e três dos quatro também utilizaram dados relacionados ao sono e FC para avaliar a fragilidade em idosos. Os resultados obtidos nesta revisão indicam que parâmetros derivados de smartwatches têm sido utilizados para identificar estágios de fragilidade em diferentes ambientes, sendo a maioria dos estudos associados a outras condições clínicas. Conclusão Os smartwatches são uma excelente ferramenta de monitoramento de fragilidade por meio de medições diárias de contagem de passos, dados de sono e frequência cardíaca. Os resultados obtidos com o uso desses dispositivos podem sugerir uma avaliação mais ampla dos idosos que enfrentam risco aumentado de desenvolver a Síndrome da Fragilidade.

Abstract Objective This scoping review aimed to describe and map the measures provided by smartwatches as a tool for identifying Frailty Syndrome in older adults. Methods Studies published in any language, without publication date restrictions, that described the use of measures provided by smartwatches in evaluating or identifying Frailty Syndrome and/or its criteria in older adults were included. English descriptors for smartwatches, smartbands, Frailty Syndrome and Older Adults were used to develop a comprehensive search strategy, which was then applied to search the following databases: COCHRANE LIBRARY, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and PEDRO. Results The initial search identified a total of 156 articles and 2 articles were identified from the manual search in the references of eligible studies. Next, 4 studies that used daily step count measurements for descriptive synthesis were included, and three of the four also used sleep and heart rate data to assess frailty in older adults. The results obtained in this review indicate that parameters derived from smartwatches have been used to identify stages of frailty in different areas, with the majority of studies being associated with other clinical conditions. Conclusion Smartwatches are an excellent frailty monitoring tool through daily measurements of step count, sleep data and heart rate. The results obtained with the use of these devices may suggest a broader evaluation of older adults who face an increased risk of developing Frailty Syndrome.

The factor structure of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ): new methodological approaches and evidence

Abstract Background The area of self-regulated learning integrates the fields of metacognition and self-regulation and assumes that the student is an active processor of information capable of self-regulating his learning by putting together the cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a benchmark for the measurement of self-regulated learning. However, the field of study does not show adequate evidence of its structural validity. The vast majority of studies involving this question present serious methodological mistakes, compromising the evidence of validity. Objective Our study investigates the structural validity of MSLQ including all 15 scales and corrects relevant mistakes in the previous studies. Method We tested different models through item confirmatory factor analysis in a convenience sample of 670 college students (M = 22.8 years, SD = 5.2) from a public Brazilian university in the technological area. The models with the ML, MLR, MLM and WLMSV estimators. Results Only WLSMV produced models with acceptable fit. The final model has a bi-factor structure with a general factor (self-regulated learning), 15 components as first-order factors, and four broad components as second-order factors. Twelve first-order components, all second-order components and the general factor had acceptable reliability. The components' elaboration, intrinsic goal orientation and metacognitive self-regulation, did not show acceptable reliability, in terms of McDonald's omega. Conclusion Considering the worldwide importance of the MSLQ, we do not recommend the use of the measurement of these components for clinical practice and psychoeducational diagnosis until new studies show that this low reliability only occurs in our sample. Our study shows new evidence, correcting many previous methodological mistakes and producing initial evidence favorable to the factor structure of the MSLQ.

Academic Expectations, Gender and Working Status: Comparing Two Cohorts of University Students / Expectativas Acadêmicas, Gênero e Situação Profissional: Comparando Duas Coortes de Estudantes Universitários

ABSTRACT The expansion of higher education is associated with the progressive diversification of student's profiles, such as the increasing number of older, working and female students. The transition to higher education poses challenges for students entering it, generating expectations that can impact academic adaptation. This study compared academic expectations by gender and work situation in two cohorts of first-year students from a Brazilian public university, involving 13,336 participants. The Brazilian Scale of Academic Expectations for First-Year University Students was administered. Non-working and female students had higher academic expectations in both cohorts. The findings provide subsidies to higher education institutions to develop support programs and policies targeting first-year students.

RESUMO A expansão da educação superior está associada à progressiva diversificação dos perfis discentes, tais como aumento do número de estudantes mais velhos, trabalhadores e mulheres. A transição para o ensino superior comporta desafios para os estudantes que nele ingressam, gerando expectativas que podem impactar a adaptação acadêmica. Este estudo comparou as expectativas acadêmicas por gênero e situação de trabalho em dois coortes de estudantes ingressantes em uma universidade pública brasileira, envolvendo 13.336 participantes. Utilizou-se a Escala Brasileira de Expectativas Acadêmicas para Estudantes Ingressantes na Educação Superior. Estudantes mulheres e não trabalhadores apresentaram maiores expectativas acadêmicas em ambas as coortes. Os resultados fornecem subsídios às instituições de ensino superior para desenvolvimento de programas de apoio e políticas voltadas aos estudantes ingressantes.

Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertensão Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consultório e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR / National Registry of Hypertension Control Evaluated by Office and Home Measurements: The LHAR National Registry

Resumo Fundamento Sabe-se que em torno de 30% dos pacientes apresentam valores de pressão arterial (PA) mais elevados quando examinados no consultório do que em suas residências. No mundo, admite-se que apenas 35% dos hipertensos já tratados tenham alcançado meta pressórica. Objetivo Fornecer dados epidemiológicos sobre o controle da PA nos consultórios, em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros, avaliado pela medida de consultório e monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA). Métodos Análise transversal. Observou-se pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial, em tratamento anti-hipertensivo, podendo ou não estar com a PA controlada. A PA foi verificada no consultório por profissional médico, e no domicílio através da MRPA. A associação entre variáveis categóricas se deu por meio do teste do qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados Foram incluídos 2.540 pacientes, com idade média 59,7 ± 15,2 anos. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (62%; n = 1.575). O estudo mostrou uma prevalência de 15% (n = 382) de hipertensão do avental branco não controlada, e 10% (n = 253) de hipertensão mascarada não controlada. A taxa de controle da PA no consultório foi 56,3%, e no domicílio, de 61%; 46,4% dos pacientes tiveram PA controlada no consultório e fora dele. Observou-se maior controle no sexo feminino e na faixa etária 49-61 anos. Observando o controle domiciliar com o novo ponto de corte das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial de 2020, a taxa de controle foi de 42,4%. Conclusão O controle pressórico nos consultórios em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros foi de 56,3%; 61% quando a PA foi obtida no domicílio, e 46,4% quando o controle foi observado tanto no consultório como no domicílio.

Abstract Background It is known that around 30% of patients have higher blood pressure (BP) values when examined at the office than at home. Worldwide, only 35% of patients with hypertension undergoing treatment have reached their BP targets. Objective To provide epidemiological data on BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists, considering office and home BP measurement. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of patients with a hypertension diagnosis and undergoing antihypertensive treatment, with controlled BP or not. BP was assayed in the office by a medical professional and at home using home BP monitoring (HBPM). The association between categorical variables was verified using the chi-square test (p<0.05). Results The study included 2540 patients, with a mean age of 59.7 ± 15.2 years. Most patients were women (62%; n=1575). Prevalence rates of 15% (n=382) for uncontrolled white coat hypertension and 10% (n=253) for uncontrolled masked hypertension were observed. The rate of BP control in the office was 56.3% and at home, 61%. Meanwhile, 46.4% of the patients had controlled BP in and outside of the office. Greater control was observed in women and in the 49-61 years age group. Considering the new DBHA 2020 threshold for home BP control, the control rate was 42.4%. Conclusion BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists was 56.3%; this rate was 61% when BP was measured at home and 46.4% when considering both the office and home.

Current pharmacotherapy of overactive bladder

ABSTRACT Overactive bladder is a symptom complex consisting of bothersome storage urinary symptoms that is highly prevalent among both sexes and has a significant impact on quality of life. Various antimuscarinic agents and the beta-3 agonists mirabegron and vibegron are currently available for the treatment of OAB. Each drug has specific pharmacologic properties, dosing schedule and tolerability profile, making it essential to individualize the medical treatment for the patient's characteristics and expectations. In this manuscript, we review the most important factors involved in the contemporary pharmacological treatment of OAB.

Testing the invariance of the metacognitive monitoring test / Investigando a invariância do teste de monitoramento metacognitivo / Investigando la invarianza de la prueba de monitoreo metacognitivo

Metacognition is predominantly measured by the self-report and think-aloud methods. This is problematic since they produce considerable both respondent and confirmatory biases, which implies damage to the measurement. The Metacognitive Monitoring Test (MMT) was created to evaluate metacognition through performance and eliminate the aforementioned biases. There is evidence of MMT convergent, divergent, structural, predictive and incremental validity. This article expands the validity studies about the MMT by analyzing the configural, metric and scalar invariance of MMT across sex, nationality, and educational level variables. The sample is composed of Brazilian and Honduran subjects, as well as 6st to 12st grades and higher education students. Results indicate configural, metric and scalar invariance for the sex variable, as well as configural invariance and metric and scalar partial invariance for nationality and educational level. It is concluded that the MMT allows comparing means of the latent variable measured in the analyzed groups. (AU)

Há uma hegemonia dos métodos de autorrelato e thinkaloud para avaliar metacognição. Isso é problemático, pois eles geram substanciais vieses do respondente e confirmatório, trazendo prejuízo à medida. O Teste de Monitoramento Metacognitivo (TMC) foi criado para avaliar a metacognição mediante o desempenho e eliminar os vieses supramencionados. Há evidências de validade convergente, divergente, estrutural, preditiva e incremental do TMC. Este artigo amplia os estudos de validade e analisa a invariância configural, métrica e escalar do TMC, em relação ao sexo, nacionalidade, e nível educacional. A amostra do estudo é composta por brasileiros e hondurenhos, e estudantes da 6ª à 12ª séries da educação básicae ensino superior. Os resultados indicam invariância configural, métrica e escalar para a variável sexo, assim como invariância configural e invariância parcial métrica e escalar para nacionalidade e nível educacional. Conclui-se que o TMC permite comparar médias da variável latente mensurada nos grupos analisados. (AU)

Hay un predominio de métodos de auto-reporte e think aloud para evaluar la metacognición. Esto es problemático, ya que dichos métodos producen un considerable sesgo de respuesta y confirmación, lo que implica un perjuicio en la medición. La Prueba de Monitoreo Metacognitivo (PMM) fue diseñada para evaluar la metacognición por medio del desempeño y eliminar los sesgos mencionados anteriormente. Hay evidencia de validez convergente, divergente, estructural, predictiva e incremental de la PMM. Este artículo amplía los estudios de validez sobre la PMM, analizando la invarianza configural, métrica y escalar de la PMM con respecto a las variables sexo, nacionalidad y nivel educativo. La muestra del estudio está formada por brasileños y hondureños, y estudiantes de 6º a 12º grado de educación básica y educación superior. Los resultados indican invarianza configural, métrica y escalar para la variable sexo así como invarianza configural e invarianza parcial escalar y métrica para nacionalidad y nivel educativo. Se concluye que la PMM permite comparar medias de la variable latente medida en los grupos analizados. (AU)

Evidências desfavoráveis ao postulado de cargas fatoriais simples do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) / Evidence contrary to the assumption of simple Factor loadings of the National High School Education Exam (ENEM) / Evidencias desfavorables al postulado de cargas factoriales Simples del Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Secundaria (ENEM)

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) possui um modelo de medida restrito, caracterizado pelo postulado de que os itens marcadores de cada domínio se vinculam exclusivamente ao seus domínios-alvo. Estudos pregressos sugerem, por meio de evidências indiretas, que esse modelo não seria válido. No entanto, esse postulado ainda não foi diretamente avaliado. Neste estudo, investiga-se esse pressuposto por meio de análises fatoriais dos itens do ENEM de 2011. Dois modelos foram testados. O primeiro, chamado de estrutura simples de Thurstone, representa o modelo de medida do ENEM. O segundo, de cargas cruzadas, refuta esse modelo. O modelo das cargas cruzadas foi o único que apresentou bom ajuste aos dados de acordo com todos os índices empregados. As evidências encontradas são desfavoráveis ao postulado de cargas fatoriais simples do modelo de medida do ENEM, indicando problemas de validade e na qualidade dos escores produzidos. (AU)

The National High School Examination (ENEM) has a restricted measurement model characterized by the assumption that the marker items in each domain are exclusively linked to their target domain. Previous studies suggest, through indirect evidence, that this model may not be valid. However, this postulate has not yet been directly assessed. In this study, this assumption was investigated through factor analysis of the items of the ENEM 2011 edition. Two models were tested. The first, called Thurstone's simple structure, represents the measurement model of the ENEM. The second, of crossed loadings, refute this model. The crossed loadings model was the only one that presented a good fit to the data according to all the indices employed. The evidence found is unfavorable for the assumption of simple factor loadings of the measurement model of the ENEM, indicating issues of validity and in the quality of the scores produced. (AU)

El Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Secundaria (ENEM) tiene un modelo de medición restringido, caracterizado por el postulado de que los ítems marcadores en cada dominio están vinculados exclusivamente a su dominio objetivo. Estudios previos sugieren, a través de evidencia indirecta, que este modelo no sería válido. Sin embargo, este postulado aún no ha sido evaluado directamente. En este estudio se investiga este supuesto a través del análisis factorial de los ítems del ENEM 2011. Se probaron dos modelos. El primero, llamado estructura simple de Thurstone, representa el modelo de medición ENEM. El segundo, de cargas cruzadas, refuta este modelo. El modelo de carga cruzada fue el único que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos de acuerdo con todos los índices empleados. Las evidencias encontradas son desfavorables al supuesto de cargas factoriales simples del modelo de medición del ENEM, lo que indica problemas de validez y en la calidad de las puntuaciones producidas. (AU)

Impact of COVID-19 on education, health and lifestyle behaviour of Brazilian urology residents

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical and surgical practice, educational activities, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urology residents. Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was sent to 468 Brazilian urology residents from postgraduate years (PGY) 3 to 5 to collect data on clinical practice and training after 4 months of COVID-19. We also assessed health-related and behavior changes, rate of infection by SARS-CoV-2, deployment to the front line of COVID-19, residents' concerns, and access to personal protective equipment (PPE). Results: Massive reductions in elective and emergency patient consultations, diagnostic procedures and surgeries were reported across the country, affecting PGY 3 to 5 alike. Most in-person educational activities were abolished. The median damage to the urological training expected for 2020 was 6.0 [3.4 - 7.7], on a scale from 0 to 10, with senior residents estimating a greater damage (P< 0.001). Educational interventions developed included online case-based discussions, subspeciality conferences and lectures, and grand rounds. Most senior residents favored extending residency to compensate for training loss and most younger residents favored no additional training (p< 0.001). Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (43.8%), reduced physical activity (68.6%), increased alcoholic intake (44.9%) and cigarette consumption (53.6%), worsening of sexual life (25.2%) and feelings of sadness or depression (48,2%). Almost half were summoned to work on the COVID-19 front-line and 24.4% had COVID-19. Most residents had inadequate training to deal with COVID-19 patients and most reported a shortage of PPE. Residents' concerns included the risk of contaminating family members, being away from residency program, developing severe COVID-19 and overloading colleagues. Conclusions: COVID-19 had a massive impact in Brazilian urology residents´ training, health and lifestyle behavior, which may reflect what happened in other medical specialties. Studies should confirm these findings to help developing strategies to mitigate residents' losses.

Luts-V: A new simplified score for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms in men

ABSTRACT Objectives: Develop and validate a new and simplified score for evaluating the lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Materials and methods: We modified the existing visual prostate symptom score, including changes in the images, sequence, and new alternatives, resulting in a new visual score (LUTS visual score-LUTS-V). For the validation of the new tool, we used the International Prostatic Symptom Score as the gold-standard and the new LUTS-V to 306 men. The total IPSS score and the total LUTS-V score of each subject were evaluated to determine the agreement between the two instruments. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and best cut-off of LUTS-V. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios were used to describe the diagnostic properties. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59 [52-87] years. There was a significant correlation between LUTS-V and IPSS. (r=0.72 (p <0.0001). The Bland-Altman analyzes demonstrate good agreement between the two questionnaires (bias=5.6%). LUTS-V demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting the most serious cases with an area under the ROC curve of 83% [78-87%] 95% CI. p <0.001). LUTS-V >4 was the best threshold, with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 78%. Conclusions: LUTS-V is a simple, self-administered tool with a significant discriminatory power to identify subjects with moderate to severe LUTS and may represent a useful instrument for the diagnosis and follow-up of men with urinary symptoms.

Creating an objective measurement for the Enem: an analysis using the Rasch Model / Criando uma medida verdadeira para o Enem: uma análise pelo Modelo Rasch / Creando una verdadera medida para Enem: un análisis por el Modelo Rasch

In the 1930s, a group of scientists argued that the empirical concatenation of observable elements was not possible in the human and social sciences and was, thus, not feasible to obtain objective measurements similar to those found in physics. To address this issue, mathematical theories that do not require concatenation were proposed in the 1960s, including the Additive Conjoint Measurement Theory (ACMT). In the same decade, George Rasch developed the simple logistic model for dichotomous data as a probabilistic operationalization of the ACMT. This study investigates the possibility of developing a fundamental measure for the National Exam of Upper Secondary Education (ENEM) that applies Rasch's model to students' performance on the 2011 ENEM exam. The results indicate an adequate model fit, demonstrating the viability of a fundamental measure using ENEM data. Implications are discussed.

Nos anos 1930, um grupo de cientistas argumentou que a concatenação empírica de elementos observáveis não seria possível nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais e por isso era inviável obter medidas verdadeiras nesses campos do conhecimento científico. Para lidar com este problema, foram propostas teorias matemáticas nas quais a concatenação empírica não seria necessária, como a Teoria de Medidas Aditivas Conjuntas (TMAC). No mesmo período, George Rasch desenvolveu o modelo logístico simples para dados dicotômicos, uma operacionalização probabilística da TMAC que viabiliza a análise empírica de pressupostos da medida verdadeira. Em nosso estudo, investigamos o desenvolvimento de uma medida verdadeira para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), aplicando o modelo logístico simples em dados referentes à performance dos participantes da edição de 2011 do ENEM. Os resultados indicaram um ajuste adequado do modelo, apontando para a viabilidade da construção de uma medida verdadeira para o ENEM. Implicações são discutidas.

En los años 1930, un grupo de científicos argumentó que la concatenación empírica de elementos observables no sería posible en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales y por consiguiente sería inviable obtener medidas verdaderas similares a las de Física. Para abordar este problema, a partir de los años 1960 se proponían teorías en las cuales la concatenación empírica no es necesaria, como la Teoría de Medidas Aditivas Conjuntas (TMAC). Al mismo período, George Rasch desarrolló el modelo logístico simple para datos dicotómicos, una operacionalización probabilista de la TMAC. Este estudio investigó la posibilidad de desarrollar una medida verdadera para el Examen Nacional de la Secundaria Superior (ENEM), aplicando el modelo logístico simple en los datos referentes a la performance de los participantes en la prueba de 2011 del ENEM. Los resultados indicaron adecuado ajuste del modelo, asi como la viabilidad de una medida verdadera para el ENEM. Implicaciones son discutidas.

A longitudinal model for psychological distress in the COVID-19 crisis among brazilian graduate students / Um modelo longitudinal de sofrimento psicológico na crise da COVID-19 entre pós-graduandos brasileiros / Un modelo longitudinal de sufrimiento psicológico en la crisis del COVID-19 entre posgraduados brasileños

As most evidence for mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis is cross-sectional, the present study aimed to analyze the longitudinal development of psychological suffering among 619 Brazilian adults by assessing mental health outcomes and individual factors in two periods: a year before and a month after the break of the pandemic. As major findings, pandemic psychological suffering was directly explained by previous-year suffering, conscientiousness, and pandemic perceived stress, and correlated with pandemic suicidal ideation. Pandemic perceived stress correlated with pandemic psychological distress, and was explained by previous-year suffering, neuroticism, and conscientiousness, as well as by pandemic life satisfaction and perceived pandemic impact. Finally, pandemic suicidal ideation variance was explained by prior ideation and pandemic life satisfaction. These findings are in line with current models of mental health and highlight the importance of integrating both more stable individual factors and more transient variables towards an explanation for mental health outcomes

Evidências dos impactos da crise da COVID-19 sobre a saúde-mental são em sua maioria transversais. Portanto, o presente estudo propôs-se a analisar o desenvolvimento longitudinal do sofrimento psicológico de 619 adultos brasileiros, avaliando fatores individuais e desfechos de saúde-mental em dois tempos: um ano antes e um mês após a deflagração da pandemia. O nível de sofrimento um mês após o início da pandemia foi explicado pelo sofrimento e conscienciosidade prévios e por estresse percebido na pandemia, correlacionando-se com ideação suicida pandêmica. Estresse percebido na pandemia foi explicado por neuroticismo, conscienciosidade e sofrimento anteriores, bem como por satisfação com a vida e impacto percebido na pandemia. Por fim, ideação suicida pandêmica foi explicada por ideação prévia e satisfação com a vida na pandemia. Esses achados corroboram modelos atuais de saúde-mental e ressaltam a importância de se integrar tanto fatores individuais estáveis quanto variáveis transientes à explicação de desfechos de saúde-mental

Evidencia de los impactos de la crisis del COVID-19 en la salud-mental es mayoritariamente transversal. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo longitudinal del sufrimiento psicológico en 619 adultos brasileños, evaluando factores individuales y de salud-mental en dos períodos: un año antes y un mes después del brote de la pandemia. Sufrimiento psicológico pandémico se explica por sufrimiento y conscienciosidade anteriores y por estrés pandémico percibido, correlacionando con ideación suicida pandémica. Estrés percibido en la pandemia se correlacionó con sufrimiento psicológico pandémico y se explicó por neuroticismo, conscienciosidade y sufrimientos previos, así como por satisfacción con la vida y el impacto percibido pandémicos. Finalmente, ideación suicida pandémica se explica por ideación previa y satisfacción con la vida en la pandemia. Estos resultados corroboran modelos actuales de salud-mental y subrayan la importancia de integrar tanto factores individuales estables como variables transitorias en la explicación de resultados de salud-mental

Impact of COVID-19 on clinical practice, income, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urologists

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical practice, income, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urologists during the month of April 2020. Materials and Methods A 39-question, web-based survey was sent to all urologist members of the Brazilian Society of Urology. We assessed socio-demographic, professional, health and behavior parameters. The primary goal was to evaluate changes in urologists' clinical practice and income after two months of COVID-19. We also looked at geographical differences based on the incidence rates of COVID-19 in different states. Results Among 766 urologists who completed the survey, a reduction ≥ 50% of patient visits, elective and emergency surgeries was reported by 83.2%, 89.6% and 54.8%, respectively. An income reduction of ≥ 50% was reported by 54.3%. Measures to reduce costs were implemented by most. Video consultations were performed by 38.7%. Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (32.9%), reduced physical activity (60.0%), increased alcoholic intake (39.9%) and reduced sexual activity (34.9%). Finally, 13.5% of Brazilian urologists were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and about one third required hospitalization. Urologists from the highest COVID-19 incidence states were at a higher risk to have a reduction of patient visits and non-essential surgeries (OR=2.95, 95% CI 1.86 - 4.75; p< 0.0001) and of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR=4.36 95%CI 1.74-10.54, p=0.012). Conclusions COVID-19 produced massive disturbances in Brazilian urologists' practice, with major reductions in patient visits and surgical procedures. Distressing consequences were also observed on physicians' income, health and personal lives. These findings are probably applicable to other medical specialties.

Expectativas de sucesso profissional de ingressantes na educação superior: estudo comparativo / Expectations of professional success of first-year university students: a comparative study / Expectativas de éxito profesional de ingresantes en la educación superior: estudio comparativo

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as expectativas de sucesso profissional de estudantes ingressantes na educação superior, considerando gênero, modalidade de ingresso na universidade (sistema universal ou de cotas) e tipo de estudante (trabalhador ou não). Participaram do estudo 6.913 estudantes de uma universidade pública federal brasileira. Utilizou-se a Escala Brasileira de Expectativas Acadêmicas de Estudantes Ingressantes na Educação Superior que avalia sete fatores: Formação Acadêmica de Qualidade, Compromisso Social e Acadêmico, Ampliação das Relações Interpessoais, Oportunidade de Internacionalização e Intercâmbio, Perspectiva de Sucesso Profissional, Preocupação com a Autoimagem e Desenvolvimento de Competências Transversais. Para este estudo foram considerados os dados relativos ao fator Perspectiva de Sucesso Profissional. Os resultados revelam uma maior expectativa de sucesso profissional para mulheres e estudantes não trabalhadores e podem subsidiar instituições de ensino superior a criarem estratégias e serviços que contribuam para o futuro profissional dos estudantes considerando os distintos perfis discentes. (AU)

This study aimed to investigate the expectations of professional success of first-year university students, considering gender, mode of entry into the university (universal or quota system) and type of student (worker or not). A total of 6,913 students from a Brazilian federal public university participated in the study. The Brazilian Scale of Academic Expectations for First-Year University Students was used, which evaluates seven factors: Quality Academic Development, Social and Academic Commitment, Broadening of Interpersonal Relationships, Opportunity for Student Exchange and Internationalization, Expectation of Professional Success, Concern with Self-image, and Development of Transversal Competences. For this study, we considered the data related to the Expectation of Professional Success factor. The results revealed a higher expectation of professional success among female and non-working students, which can support higher education institutions in the creation of strategies and services that contribute to the professional future of students considering the different student profiles. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las expectativas de éxito profesional de estudiantes ingresantes en la educación superior, considerando género, modalidad de ingreso en la universidad (sistema universal o de cuotas) y tipo de estudiante (trabajador o no). Participaron 6.913 estudiantes de una universidad pública federal brasileña. Se utilizó la Escala Brasileña de Expectativas Académicas de Estudiantes Ingresantes en la Educación Superior, dicha escala evalúa siete factores: Formación Académica de Calidad, Compromiso Social y Académico, Ampliación de las Relaciones Interpersonales, Oportunidad de Internacionalización e Intercambio, Perspectiva de Éxito Profesional, Preocupación con la Autoimagen y Desarrollo de Competencias Transversales. Para este estudio se consideraron los datos relativos al factor Perspectiva de Éxito Profesional. Los resultados demuestran una mayor expectativa de éxito profesional para mujeres y estudiantes no trabajadores. Estos resultados pueden auxiliar instituciones de enseñanza superior con la creación de estrategias y servicios que contribuyan al futuro profesional de los estudiantes considerando los distintos perfiles discentes. (AU)