Frecuencia de incontinencia fecal y su impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente geriátrico hospitalizado / Frequency of fecal incontinence and its impact on the quality of life of the hospitalized geriatric patient

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de incontinencia fecal y el impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes geriátricos hospitalizados en una muestra de un hospital de segundo nivel de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Material y métodos: Se interrogó a los pacientes mayores de 60 años hospitalizados o sus cuidadores acerca de incontinencia fecal. A los que respondieran afirmativamente y pudieran responder se les realizaron los siguientes cuestionarios y escalas: Minimental, calidad de vida de Rockwood para incontinencia fecal y escala de Wexner modificada para severidad de incontinencia; además de datos clínicos. Se calculó la frecuencia en base a una muestra y se determinaron asociaciones entre grado de incontinencia y calidad de vida. Resultados: Se interrogaron un total de 234 pacientes, de los cuales 135 (57,69%) eran mujeres y 99 (42,31%) hombres. Se documentó un total de 34 pacientes con incontinencia fecal, esto representa una frecuencia de 14,53% (IC95%, 10,2819,71%) en esta población. Se encontró una correlación positiva de la severidad de la incontinencia con la dimensión de estilo de vida (relación (r) = -0,61, p=0,04), vergüenza (r=-0,70, p=0,01), conducta (r=-0,73, p=0,001) y el promedio de las cuatro dimensiones (r=-0,67, p=0,02) pero no con la dimensión de depresión del cuestionario de calidad de vida en incontinencia fecal. Conclusión: Al comparar con otros estudios nacionales e internacionales, la frecuencia de incontinencia fecal encontrada es menor a lo documentado en otras series. La calidad de vida de los pacientes ancianos hospitalizados con incontinencia fecal en esta muestra se encuentra disminuida y su impacto en la calidad de vida se correlaciona con la severidad de la incontinencia fecal.

Objective: To determine the frequency of fecal incontinence and the impact on the quality of life of hospitalized geriatric patients in a sample from a level two hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and methods: Hospitalized patients over 60 years of age or their caregivers were questioned about the presence of fecal incontinence. Those who responded affirmatively and could respond were given the following questionnaires and scales: Mini-Mental, Rockwood quality of life for fecal incontinence and Wexner scale modified for severity of incontinence; in addition to clinical data. The frequency was calculated based on a sample and associations were determined between degree of incontinence and quality of life. Results: A total of 234 patients were questioned, of whom 135 (57.69%) were women and 99 (42.31%) men. A total of 34 patients with fecal incontinence were documented, this represents a frequency of 14.53% (95% CI, 10.28-19.71%) in this population. A positive correlation of the severity of incontinence was found with the lifestyle dimension (relation (r) = -0.61, p = 0.04), shame (r = -0.70, p = 0.01), behavior (r = -0.73, p = 0.001) and the average of the four dimensions (r = -0.67, p = 0.02) but not with the depression dimension of the quality of life questionnaire in fecal incontinence. Conclusion: When compared with other national and international studies, the frequency of fecal incontinence found was lower than that documented in other series. The quality of life of hospitalized elderly patients with fecal incontinence in this sample was diminished and its impact on quality of life correlated with the severity of fecal incontinence.

Detection of a factor released by L5178Y lymphoblasts that inhibits mouse Macrophage-Activation induced by lipopolysaccharides

Background. Several factors inhibit cellular immune response by deactivating macrophages, but very few, such as those described here, prevent macrophage activation. Methods. Ascites liquid from 12-day-old BALB/c mice bearing 5178Y lymphoma tumors was collected, and cell-free ascites liquid (CFAL) was separated from lymphoblasts. The supernatant (SI) was obtained from the homogenized and centrifuged lymphoblasts Then, macrophage cultures contaning 0.2 X 10 a the sixth cells from lymphoma-bearing or hearthly mice were added to 10 µL of CFAL or S1, plus 5 µg of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/mL, 40 U interferon-ç or a blend of both. Macrophages were incubated with CFAL or S1 prior to or after adding the activators to investigate whether any of the previously mentioned lymphoma fraction inhibited macrophage activation or whether they deactivated them. The effect of CFAL or S1 was estimated as the diminution of the amount of nitric ixide released by the experimental macrophage cultures with respect to controls (activated macrophages treated with none of the lymphoma fractions). Results. LPS, IFN-ç, and the LPS/ç blend activated macrophages from both lymphomabearing and healthy mice. None of the lymphoma fractions deactivated macrophages. CFAL, but not S1, inhibited the macrophage activation, i.e., the percentage of inhibition of nitric oxide releasing 76.7 percent in macrophages from healthy and lymphomabearing mice, respectively. In addition, CFAL was unable to inhibit macrophage-activation effect of IFN-ç or the LPS/IFN-ç blend. Conclusions. Mouse L5178Y Lymphoma releases a factor that in vitro inhibits the macrophage activation induced by LPS, but not by IFN-ç controls

Comparable growth of a Trichomonas vaginalis strain in PEHPS and TYI-S-33 media

PEHPS medium, developed for zxenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens, was also capable of supporting the growth of a Trichomonas vaginalis strain, with an inoculum of 1 to 100 trichomonads/ml. The lorithmic growth phase in PEHPS or in TYI-S-33 medium lasted 72 h; yield (3.33 ñ 0.56 x 10 a the 6 trichomonads/ml), duplication time (4.27 h), number of duplications (16.85), or increase ratio (33,328) in PEHPS medium showed no significant differences with those obtained in TYI-S33 under similar culture conditions. Accordingly, PEHPS medium might be used for the axenic cultivation of T. vaginalis

Entamoeba histolytica: inhibition of malic enzyme and alcohol dehydrogenase by (ñ)-,(+)-,and (-)- gossypol

Gossypol, a natural racemic mixture with action on NADP- and NAD-oxidoreductases from diverse species, has been proposed as a possible antiamebic medication considering several of its pharmacological properties. In this study it was found that malic enzyme and alcohol dehydrogenase from Entamoeba histolytica are strongly inhibited by (ñ)-gossypol, and both (+)- and (-)- enantiomers. The inhibition was of the noncompetitive type among their respective substrates in all cases. The (ñ)-, (+)-, (-)-gossypol half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) for the malic enzyme were 3.71, 13.37 and 1.03 µM, and againts the alcohol dehydrogenase 79.64, 124.43 and 42.56 µM, respectively. Therefore, the (-) enantiomer resulted 3.6 and 13.0 times more potent than the racemic mixture and (+)- gossypol, respectively, to inhibit the malic enzyme, and 1.9 times and 2.9 times more potent than the racemic mixture and (+)-gossypol, respectively, against the alcohol dehydrogenase. Accordingly, one possible mechanism of the antiamebic affect of gossypol could be the inhibition of vital NADP-dependent enzymes as those analyzed in this study

Producción masiva de quistes de Entamoeba histolytica en condiciones axénicas / Massive production of Entamoeba hystolityca's cysts in axénic conditions

Después de la fase exponencial de crecimiento, las amibas de la cepa HK9, mantenidas axénicamente en el medio PEHPS, adquieren en forma espontánea varias semejanzas morfológicas con los quistes naturales y resistencia a choques hipotónicos por ele efecto de una pared, la cual está compuesta parcialmente por polisacáridos. El número de amibas diferenciadas aumenta paulatinamente, pero su viabilidad disminuye, en función del tiempo de incubación, hasta que al noveno día 96 por ciento de la población está constituido por este tipo de células, si bien sólo 6 por ciento de ellas es viable. La estructura ultramicroscópica de la gran mayoría de amibas diferenciadas corresponde a la de quistes inmaduros. Estos y el medio PEHPS constituyen un buen modelo para la caracterización de la iniciación de la diferenciación de E.histolytica y abren la posibilidad de obtener, en condiciones axénicas, cultivos masivos de quistes maduros del agente causal de la amibiasis

Obtención de extractos salubres de tres variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris) con actividad mitogénica sobre linfocitos humanos: determinación de su confiabilidad por el uso clínico / Mitogenic activity of 3 solubre extract of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris): their reliability for clinical use

Se describe un método económico, sencillo y reproducible para obtener un extracto salubre de semillas de tres variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris), con actividad mitogénica para linfócitos humanos, cuya potencia es dependiente de la dosis empleada y comparable a la de un producto comercial de importación y alto costo. Se realizaron 193 análisis citogenéticos durante un período de tres años. Con ello se confirmó la utilidad y confiabilidad del producto para uso clínico. La actividad mitogénica de los extractos de frijol, obtenidos mediante el método aqui descrito, es estable durante un año por lo menos, almacenado a -20-C, y cuando menos por cinco meses a 4-C