Head and Face Protection of the Health Care Workers in the Operating Room of Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the Corona Virus Disease-19 Pandemic / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the understanding of the head and face protection of the health care workers in operating room of Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) pandemic.Methods The knowledge of head and face protection of health care workers in the operating room was evaluated based on the non-registered questionnaires for protection measures collected on-line.Results The survey was conducted in two phases.In the first phase(COVID-19 outbreak),153 questionnaires were collected.In the second phase(when Beijing lowered the emergency response to level 3 and normalized the epidemic prevention and control),101 questionnaires were collected.The results showed that 98% of health care workers had used any form of protective devices during the pandemic and anesthesiologists had the highest usage rate(93.0%)of ear-loop face mask with eye shield.During the pandemic,health care workers mainly used goggles(71.2%)for protection to diagnose and treat the patients with fever and ear-loop face mask with eye shield(56.2%)for protection to diagnose and treat the non-fever patients.In the first-and second-phase survey,43% and 68% of health care workers still used protection,and they mainly used face shield(50.0% and 56.5%)and ear-loop face mask with eye shield(56.1% and 68.1%).Conclusions During the pandemic,more than 90% of the health care workers in the operating room of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were aware of head and face protection.Different healthcare workers in the operating room had different choices of head and face protection,and more than 40% of them would still keep such protection during the normalized stage of pandemic prevention and control.

Traditional Chinese medicine (tumor) prevention and evaluation model based on ultra-early immune response information amplification index naCTL and multidimensional immunoinformatic index TCR/BCR/HLA effective diversity / 中国中药杂志

The best time of tumor intervention is before the formation of tumor. However,due to the limited number of tumor cells,it is difficult to quantify tumor cells and immunity by the current methods available( such as CTC,ct DNA). This affects the tumor prevention in this period,and the in-depth detection,intervention and evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM)( tumor) prevention. Due to the limitations of the current detection,the evaluation system turns to detect tumor neoantigen-specific CTL( naCTL) that are directly relating to tumor cells and proliferate to high order of magnitudes after activation,and immune repertoire( TCR/BCR/HLA) effective diversity,introduces immune checkpoints,uses information of " disease" in Western medicine and " syndrome" in TCM( prevention),and sets up a multi-dimensional statistical immunity model using a variety of data analysis and related algorithms. This model can amplify the ultra-early information of tumor,indirectly evaluate the quantity and status of tumor cells,and provide quantitative measurement and new evaluation methods for the normalization of immunity and TCM( tumor) prevention. This model is not only one of important evaluation methods for resisting tumor immunity and treating TCM( tumor) prevention,but also will reveal the scientific connotation of TCM syndrome from the perspective of immunology.

IgG4 related disease involving the renal pelvis: a case report and the literature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To summarize the characteristics of IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD),and to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures due to misdiagnosis.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of one case of IgG4 related disease involving the renal pelvis in our hospital,and the clinical features of IgG4 related disease involving the renal pelvis were reviewed and discussed.A 56-year-old man presented with microscopic hematuria,CT showed right renal pelvis and ureteral wall thickening,local soft tissue density,post contrast CT showed low-density renal pelvic mass and the wall of the ureter-pelvic was irregularly thicken,indicating renal pelvic cancer and lymph node metastasis.PET-CT (18F-FDG) findings indicated that the renal pelvic mass was a malignant tumor,because the glucose metabolism was very high.The preoperative diagnosis was retroperitoneal lesion,suspecting renal pelvic carcinoma or lymphoma.The patient underwent 3D laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with out preoperative biopsy.During operation,we found extensive enlargement of the right renal portal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes,including that the renal portal and the renal pelvis mass had a serious adhesion to the vena cava and renal arterial vein.Results Postoperative pathology results revealed lymphatic tissue hyperplasia and germinal center formation.Immunohistochemical staining showed that most plasma cells positive expression of IgG4 (IgG4 ＞ 40％,IgG4 ＞ 100/HPF),reactive hyperplasia of lymph node,considering the IgG4 related diseases.Serum IgG4 level was 15.2 g/L (0.03-2.01 g/L)after operation.Combined with serological examination,IgG4 related disease was confirmed.There was no evidence of IgG4-related disease at any other site during the follow up period,thereby obviating the need for any additional therapy.Conclusions IgG4 related disease is a novel clinical disease entity characterized by elevated serum IgG4 concentration and tumefaction or tissue infiltration by IgG4-positive plasma cells,which leads to the enlargement of the organ or nodular/proliferative lesions.The disease can be revealed as a soft tissue tumor of the renal pelvis and be misdiagnosed as malignant tumor.Surgical intervention could be avoided according to the correct diagnosis.

New method for evaluating pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine compounds based on its moderate regulation and principle of balanced adjustment of immunity under pan-immunomic / 中国中药杂志

For the basic research on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), objective syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and evaluation criteria of traditional Chinese medicine compounds are hardly to break though. While, the modern immunology points out that the body is a counterbalance state and immune imbalance is the root of sickness. The thinking mode of treating diseases in traditional Chinese medicine is also "balance", considering disease is the result of bias which present the imbalance of "Yin counters Yang", "exterior counters interior", "cold counters heat" and "weak counters strong". The Chinese herbal compound formula preparation was applied on disease therapy based on theory of Chinese medicine, which was confirmed by long period clinical application. It is composed of multi-compounds and has the characteristic of multi-targeting. Integrative medicine has spawned pan-immunomics, and the evaluation of immune function (immune balance) has become an important basis for diagnosis and treatment models of integrative medicine. In addition, balance is the core idea of whole-systemic conception of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we speculate that immune balance under pan-immunomic can bridge the traditional Chinese medicine and modern integrative medicine and is the important basis for objective syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and evaluation criteria of traditional Chinese medicine compounds. According to the bridging theory, we attempt to utilize informatics and statistical methods to construct an evaluation system for pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine based on its moderate regulation and the balanced adjustment of immunity under pan-immunomic, which further reveal the scientific essence of the whole-systemic view of traditional Chinese medicine. This research brings out a new valuable strategy and provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine, especially the exploitation of Chinese herbal compound formula, and constructing the new drug innovation and review system for traditional Chinese medicine. Besides as a reference for traditional Chinese medicine objective syndrome and pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine compounds, the evaluation system can screen the immunity of sub-health population also. With the continuous accumulation of clinical sample and data, the evaluation system will be more accurate and intelligent.

Generalized science of Chinese material medica-from preventive treatment of disease to Chinese medicine health industry / 中国中药杂志

Based on the systematic summary of the results of the fourth general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the cultivation of large varieties of Chinese material medica and the latest research on health industrial development, the novel concepts and scientific connotations of generalized science of Chinese material medica are put forward, and the basic ideas and methods of a new Chinese medicine academic system, the cultivation system of large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials and the application system of the large health industry are constructed. This kind of generalized science of Chinese material medica, rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and the theory of "preventive treatment of disease", can avoid the narrow prospect induced by the increasing specialization and refinement of knowledge of science of Chinese material medica. It will play an important role in the modernization, industrialization, internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Expression of miRNA-93 in acute lymphocytic leukemia / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-93 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its effect on the proliferation of acute T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells.METHODS:The expression of miRNA-93 in the bone marrow samples of patients with ALL was measured by real-time PCR.After down-regulation of miRNA-93 by transfection with miRNA-93 inhibitor in the Jurkat cells,the cell viability,cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were detected by CCK-8 assay,EdU assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,the protein levels of cell cycle-related molecules such as cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4),phosphorylation retinoblastoma (Rb) and P27 were measured by Western blot.RESULTS:miRNA-93 was highly expressed in the patients with ALL,and the expression level was highest in the high risk patients.Down-regulation of miRNA-93 inhibited Jurkat cell viability,arrested cell cycle in G1/S transition.In addition,the protein levels of cyclin D1,CDK4 and p-Rb were significantly decreased,the protein expression of P27 was increased in Jurkat cells trasfected with miRNA-93 inhibitor.CONCLUSION:miRNA-93 expression is increased in ALL patients.Down-regulation of miRNA-93 restrains cell proliferation in the acute T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat via regulating cell cycle-related molecules.

Expression of miRNA-93 in acute lymphocytic leukemia / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-93 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its effect on the proliferation of acute T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells.METHODS:The expression of miRNA-93 in the bone marrow samples of patients with ALL was measured by real-time PCR.After down-regulation of miRNA-93 by transfection with miRNA-93 inhibitor in the Jurkat cells,the cell viability,cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were detected by CCK-8 assay,EdU assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,the protein levels of cell cycle-related molecules such as cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4),phosphorylation retinoblastoma (Rb) and P27 were measured by Western blot.RESULTS:miRNA-93 was highly expressed in the patients with ALL,and the expression level was highest in the high risk patients.Down-regulation of miRNA-93 inhibited Jurkat cell viability,arrested cell cycle in G1/S transition.In addition,the protein levels of cyclin D1,CDK4 and p-Rb were significantly decreased,the protein expression of P27 was increased in Jurkat cells trasfected with miRNA-93 inhibitor.CONCLUSION:miRNA-93 expression is increased in ALL patients.Down-regulation of miRNA-93 restrains cell proliferation in the acute T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat via regulating cell cycle-related molecules.

Analysis of genetic mutation of UGT1A1 * 28 and UGT1A1 * 6 in renal transplant patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance and gene mutation profiles of renal transplant patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome).Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 8 renal transplant patients with Gilbert'S syndrome.UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 genotypes were identified through digital fluorescence molecular hybridization and DNA sequencing.Results There are 2 cases of UGT1A1 * 28 heterozygous mutant,3 cases of UGT1A1 * 6 homozygous mutant,2 case of UGT1A1 * 6 heterozygous mutant,1 case of UGT1A1 * 28 heterozygous mutant combined with UGT1A1 * 6 heterozygous mutant.Conclusion There is a higher heterozygous or homozygous gene mutation rate of UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 in renal transplant patients with Gilbert's syndrome.Genetic mutation of UGT1A1 * 6 and UGT1A1 * 28 may be the reason of Gilbert's syndrome after renal transplant.

Dilutional Hyponatremia during Hysteroscpic Surgery: Prevention and Treatment / 中国医学科学院学报

Dilutional hyponatremia caused by excess absorption of hypo-osmotic irrigation fluids is one of the severe complications during hysteroscopic surgery. Appropriate delivery system and distending media,proper distending pressure,and reducing destruction of uterine venous sinus may remarkably lower the morbidity. Meanwhile,early detection and timely treatment of moderate and severe hyponatremia to avoid the occurrence of secondary nervous system demyelination are particularly important during the surgery. This review summarizes the risk factors and the prevention and treatment strategies of dilutional hyponatremia during hysteroscopic surgery.

Regulatory effect of caffeine on the acute and the chronic pain and its possible mechanisms / 中国医学科学院学报

Caffeine,as an important component of refreshment beverage,has been used for a long history. In recent years,its effect on pain relief has been widely explored. As one of nonselective adenosine receptor blockers,caffeine plays different roles in the central and peripheral pain. This review explores the roles of caffeine in acute and chronic pain and the potential mechanisms.

Surgical excision of local recurrence with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus for renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a case report and literature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To report the clinical features,management and prognosis of local recurrence with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus for renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Methods A case of 37-year-old man was admitted to hospital for recurrent renal tumor in May 2013.The patient undervent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for right kidney mass in June 2011,and renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed by pathological examination.The patient complained about pain of right flank in May 2013.Imaging examination (including CT,MRI and PET-CT) showed a 5 cm tumor on the upper-middle right kidney associated with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus,bulky retroperitoneal lymph nodes and extensive local invasion including psoas,ureter,perirenal fascia.Surgical excision of local recurrence,nephrectomy plus inferior vena eava thrombectomy was performed.Results Right nephrectomy and local recurrence incision plus inferior vena eava thrombectomy was performed successfully.The operation time was 360 min,blood loss was 4 000 ml.The patient was discharged on the 14th day after surgery.The pathological characteristics were as follows:the tumor was limited to the upper-middle right kidney,psoas,ureter,and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus,but carcinoma was not found in the lymph nodes,pelvis and others.The final pathological diagnosis was papillary renal cell carcinoma,type Ⅱ.Local recurrence and other distant metastasis were not demonstrated with CT in 12 months' follow-up.Conclusion Excision of locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma is possible,and complete surgical resection could lead to prolonged disease-free survival.

Endourological treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia in elderly high-risk patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endourological techniques in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly high-risk patients.Methods A total of 202 BHP patients over 70 years old were treated with endourological techniques and followed up for 3-24 months.Patients were divided into transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) group (n=90)and transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate(PKRP) group (n =112).Results Compared with pre-treatment,the scores of IPSS and quality of life (QOL),residual urine volume and Qmax were improved in the TURP group after treatment [(6.3±1.2) vs.(27.8±2.5),(1.0±0.4)vs.(5.5±1.1),(18.0±2.8) ml vs.(95.0±18.0) ml,(17.5±1.4) ml/s vs.(5.4±2.0) ml/s,respectively,all P＜0.05].Compared with before treatment,the scores of IPSS and QOL,residual urine volume and Qmax were also improved in the PKRP group after treatment [(8.4 ± 2.5) vs.(27.9±2.3),(1.0±0.4) vs.(1.5±0.5),(25±4) mlvs.(150±26) ml,(19±2.3) ml/svs.(7.0±2.3) ml/s,respectively,all P＜0.05].There were no significant differences in IPSS,QOL,Qmax and RUV between the two groups after treatment (P＞0.05),but the complication incidence was less in PKRP group than in TURP group (6.25％ vs.22.2％,x2 =10.99,P＜0.05).Conclusions PKRP is a safe and effective therapy for elderly high risk patients with BPH.The individual treatment,intensive monitoring and adjustment before operation,and skilled manipulation are the key points to the successful operation.

Hereditary tendency of varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hereditary tendency of varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included in this study 112 varicocele patients, 117 direct male relatives of the patients, and 100 healthy men as controls. We compared the incidence of varicocele tween the direct relative group and the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The direct male relatives of the varicocele patients had a significantly higher incidence of varicocele than the healthy controls (36.8% vs 17%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased incidence of varicocele in the direct male relatives of the patients indicated a hereditary tendency of the disease.</p>

Clinical significance of simultaneous transurethral resection of a bladder tumor and the prostate in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of simultaneous transurethral resection (TUR) of a bladder tumor and the prostate in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Patients were divided into two groups.Group A contained 46 male patients who accepted TUR for the treatment of both bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Group B contained 69 male patients who accepted TURBt only.Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed to compare clinical outcomes and safety in these two groups.Results The bladder cancer recurrence rates in group A and B were 50.0％ and 50.7％,the average recurrence free time was 20 and 18 months,and the progression rates were 6.5％ and 7.2％,respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups for either average recurrence free time or progression rates (P ＞ 0.05).Recurrences in the prostatic urethra were found in two cases in group A and one case in group B and all three cases were in T1 G3.Conclusions Simultaneous TUR for bladder tumor and the prostate can be safely and effectively performed in terms of oncologica] control in patients who have non-muscle invasive and low grade bladder tumors ( T1G1 - G2 ) with lower urinary tract obstruction caused by BPH.But this procedure should be cautiously performed on patients with T1 G3 bladder tumors.

Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy for Ureter Stones / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureter stones.Methods A total of 186 cases ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy were performed in our hospital.The outcomes of the surgery were analyzed.Results The success rate of the operation was 80.6%(29/36) for the upper ureteral calculi,92.7%(51/55) for the middle,and 100%(95/95) for the lower ones,respectively.Four weeks after the surgery,re-examination showed that the rate of stone removal was 94.1%(175/186).Injuries to the ureter occurred in 5(2.7%) of the cases.Conclusion Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

Rapid detection of the genotyping of hepatitis C virus using DNA chip with coloration methods / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a new DNA chip with coloration, which can be used for rapid and economical detection of the genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Probes and primers were designed according to the sequence of HCV 5' non-coding region (5' NCR) to fabricate DNA chip. Experimental group consisted of 60 positive serum samples and control group consisted of 20 negative serum samples. To obtain the aimed gene, then they were hybridized with DNA chip. Finally, the results showed in a nylon film. The results of DNA sequencing of samples were used as the control in double blind experimental.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using DNA chip, HCV was detected in positive of all serum specimens of experimental group and negative in control group. The determination of HCV genotype by DNA chip showed corresponding rate of 96.7% with those by sequence assay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It showed higher specialty and sensitivity using DNA chip to detect the genotype of HCV. It would be valuable for the clinical genotyping of HCV</p>

Pneumatic Ballistic Lithotripsy via the Outer Sheath of Resectoscope in the Treatment of Bladder Calculi / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To discuss the technique and therapeutic effect of pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy for the treatment of bladder calculi under ureteroscope via the outer sheath of resectoscope.MethodsTotally 42 patients with bladder calculi(39 men and 3 women)were treated in our hospital form March 2002 to February 2005.Among the patients,20 cases were complicated with BPH,and 3 had bladder fabrosis.The cystolith was crushed with pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy under an ureteroscope via the outer sheath of resectoscope.For the patients complicated with BPH(20 cases),prostatectomy was performed at the same time.ResultsAll the cases were cured in one session.No massive hemorrhage,bladder perforation,or overhydration occurred after the operation in this series.The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months(mean 8 months),during which no recurrent cases were found,all the patients had normal urination.ConclusionsPneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via the outer sheath of resectoscope is an effective,simple,accurate method for the treatment of bladder stones.The procedure is superior in less complications and good outcomes.

Investigation of the Informed Consent for Living Related Donors and Recipients of Kidney Transplantation / 中国医学伦理学

Informed consent is one of the basic ethical rules for living related kidney transplantation.Doctors have obligations of informing before kidney transplantation.The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment should be introduced to uremic patients and their relatives to let them know that kidney transplantation is not the only choice for treating uremia.Both donors and recipients of living kidney transplantation should be informed of the clinical effects,all kinds of complications and their risks,and the importance of treatment compliance after operation.Donors should be notified with the interests,complications and risks in period of donating operation and long-term after operation,and should be notified with the interests and risks in some special conditions for exchanging donation.Voluntary donation should fulfill that donators make the decision of donation under a fully understanding of the risks of living kidney transplantation and being fully assessed by themselves,and cheating,luring and sealing kidneys for economic interests are ruled out in making consent.Persons with incapability can not be donors even if they had made the consents of donation.In order to make sure that the decision of donation is made under the condition that living donors and recipients have known the fact thoroughly,ethics committee should inspect the "consent of kidney transplantation of living donation" and "consent of operation" offered to donors and recipients by hospital to make sure that donors and recipients have been fully notified with the current situation,clinical effects and possible complications of living kidney transplantation by doctors.This measure can make sure that donors and recipients make the decision based on knowing the fact thoroughly and sign the consent personally.