Screening of specific DNA barcode, identification of germplasm resources, and analysis of genetic diversity of Atractylodes chinenesis / 药学学报

italic>Atractylodes chinensis has important medicinal and economic values. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of four A. chinensis samples from different producing areas were sequenced using the Illumina platform. The specific DNA barcodes were screened and the germplasm resources of A. chinensis samples from different producing areas and the genetic diversity of the population were analyzed basing on the specific barcodes. The whole chloroplast genomes of the four A. chinensis samples had a typical cyclic tetrad structure, with 112 genes annotated. The comparative genomics results indicated that ccsA and trnC-GCA_petN were potential specific DNA barcodes for intraspecific identification of A. chinensis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of ccsA and trnC-GCA_petN was performed on 256 samples from 14 areas in 9 provinces, and the amplification efficiency was 100%. Sequence analysis showed that ccsA and trnC-GCA_petN had 11 and 22 variant positions, which could identify 16 and 22 haplotypes, respectively. The combined sequence analysis identified 39 haplotypes, named Hap1-Hap39, of which the most abundant and widely distributed genotype was Hap9. Haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.896 and nucleotide diversity (Pi) = 0.002 22 indicated high genetic diversity at the species level in A. chinensis. The genetic distances of the haplotypes were 0.000 00-0.004 88, indicating that there were small genetic differences among the haplotypes. The results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 39 haplotypes had very close genetic relationship, and formed two obvious branches with other groups of the same genus except Atractylodes macrocephala. This study plays an important role in the identification of the origin of A. chinensis and the protection and breeding of germplasm resources.

A prospective study on the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm2, and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.

Platelet RNA enables accurate detection of ovarian cancer: an intercontinental, biomarker identification study

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.

Specific DNA barcodes, germplasm resources, and genetic diversity of Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中国中药杂志

Eleutherococcus senticosus is one of the Dao-di herbs in northeast China. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of three E. senticosus samples from different genuine producing areas were sequenced and then used for the screening of specific DNA barcodes. The germplasm resources and genetic diversity of E. senticosus were analyzed basing on the specific DNA barcodes. The chloroplast genomes of E. senticosus from different genuine producing areas showed the total length of 156 779-156 781 bp and a typical tetrad structure. Each of the chloroplast genomes carried 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The chloroplast genomes were relatively conserved. Sequence analysis of the three chloroplast genomes indicated that atpI, ndhA, ycf1, atpB-rbcL, ndhF-rpl32, petA-psbJ, psbM-psbD, and rps16-psbK can be used as specific DNA barcodes of E. senticosus. In this study, we selected atpI and atpB-rbcL which were 700-800 bp and easy to be amplified for the identification of 184 E. senticosus samples from 13 genuine producing areas. The results demonstrated that 9 and 10 genotypes were identified based on atpI and atpB-rbcL sequences, respectively. Furthermore, the two barcodes identified 23 genotypes which were named H1-H23. The haplotype with the highest proportion and widest distribution was H10, followed by H2. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.94 and 1.82×10~(-3), respectively, suggesting the high genetic diversity of E. senticosus. The results of the median-joining network analysis showed that the 23 genotypes could be classified into 4 categories. H2 was the oldest haplotype, and it served as the center of the network characterized by starlike radiation, which suggested that population expansion of E. senticosus occurred in the genuine producing areas. This study lays a foundation for the research on the genetic quality and chloroplast genetic engineering of E. senticosus and further research on the genetic mechanism of its population, providing new ideas for studying the genetic evolution of E. senticosus.

Molecular identification and quality analysis of Rhei Rhizoma based on chloroplast matK gene and UPLC / 药学学报

Rhei Rhizoma is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple botanical origins. Different botanical sources may have different pharmacological activities. The germplasm resources of commercial Rhei Rhizoma were determined based on the chloroplast gene matK, and the anthraquinone and free anthraquinone content was determined by UPLC to analyze quality of commercial Rhei Rhizoma. Eighty-nine commercial Rhei Rhizoma samples were collected from 40 cities in 27 provinces. DNA was extracted and the matK gene was amplified by PCR. Results indicated that the collected samples were from the same botanical origin, Rheum palmatum, and 8 genotypes were identified, including Rp1, Rp2, Rp3, Rp4, Rp5, Rp6, Rp10 and Rp12. Rp4 and Rp6, cultivated in Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces were the main circulating genotypes, representing 40.45% and 37.08% of the total samples, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the eight genotypes were mainly divided into two branches, of which the main genotypes Rp4 and Rp6 were in one branch. Genetic distance analysis indicated that the genetic separation of the eight genotypes was between 0.001 and 0.010. UPLC analysis indicated that 93.26% of the samples met the Pharmacopoeia standards. There were significant differences in the content of total anthraquinone and free anthraquinone among the samples, in which the difference in free anthraquinone was 1.01% and the difference in total anthraquinone content was 3.79%, indicating that the quality of commercial Rhei Rhizoma samples varies considerably. There was no significant difference in the content of total anthraquinone and free anthraquinone in commercial Rhei Rhizoma among different collection provinces and genotypes. This study will help guide the circulation of Rhei Rhizoma in the market and provides valuable insights for molecular identification and quality analysis of other traditional Chinese medicines.

Effect of polydatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of THP-1 cells and the mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of polydatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#After THP-1 cells were treated with polydatin at gradient concentrations for 24 hours and 48 hours, their proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Logarithmically growing THP-1 cells were divided into two groups, a polydatin treatment group (treated with IC50 of polydatin) and a blank control group (treated without polydatin solution), and incubated for 48 hours. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins were measured by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#After treatment with polydatin, the proliferation of THP-1 cells was strongly inhibited, and the IC50 at 48 hours was 1 800 μmol/L. After treatment with 1 800 μmol/L polydatin solution for 48 hours, the apoptosis rate of THP-1 cells increased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases, with a significantly increased proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a significantly decreased proportion of cells in the S phase, as compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70 S6K, and p-p70 S6K proteins decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Polydatin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, block the cell cycle, and induce the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, which may be related to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Cloning and subcellular location of the PnMYB1R1 gene from Panax notoginseng and expression analysis with different stresses / 药学学报

MYB transcription factors, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, play an important role in signal transduction, plant growth and plant resistance. In this study a full-length cDNA of the PnMYB1R1 gene was cloned from Panax notoginseng. Sequence analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular location, transcriptional activity analysis, tissue-specific analysis and expression analysis under different abiotic stresses was performed. The open reading frame (ORF) of PnMYB1R gene was 738 bp, encoding a protein of 245 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass (MW) of 27.0 kD. The sequence analysis and polygenetic analysis indicated that the PnMYB1R1 protein contains a conserved R3 domain, belonging to TRF-like protein in 1R-MYB-type transcription factors. The recombinant PnMYB1R1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells using the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-PnMYB1R1 and was purified. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PnMYB1R1 was localized in the nucleus. Transcriptional activity analysis indicated that the PnMYB1R1 transcription factor has transcriptional activation activity. Expression analysis indicated that PnMYB1R1 was primarily expressed in roots, followed by stems and leaves, and then rootlets. The expression level of PnMYB1R1 in root, stems, leaves and rootlets was influenced by salt, low temperature and drought treatment, while the abundance of PnMYB1R1 was significantly induced by salt stress in these tissues. These results provide valuable insights into the role of 1R-MYB transcription factors in plant defense.

Identification and quality evaluation of germplasm resources of commercial Scutellaria baicalensis based on DNA barcode and HPLC / 中国中药杂志

Scutellaria baicalensis is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb. In this study, we identified the germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples based on trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences according to the available chloroplast genome sequencing results, and measured the content of baicalin by HPLC. Through the above means we determined the best DNA barcode that can be used to detect the germplasm resources and evaluate the quality of commercial S. baicalensis samples. A total of 104 samples were collected from 24 provinces, from which DNA was extracted for PCR amplification. The amplification efficiencies of trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences were 100%, 59.62%, and 25.96%, respectively. The results of sequence analysis showed that 5, 4, and 2 haplotypes were identified based on trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences, respectively. However, the sequences of haplotypes in commercial samples were different from that of the wild type, and the joint analysis of three fragments of S. baicalensis only identified 6 haplotypes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance analysis indicated that trnH-psbA could be used to identify S. baicalensis from adulterants. The above analysis showed that trnH-psbA was the best fragment for identifying the germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples. We then analyzed the haplotypes(THap1-THap5) of commercial S. baicalensis samples based on trnH-psbA and found that THap2 was the main circulating haplotype of the commercial samples, accounting for 86.55% of the total samples, which indicated the scarce germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples. The content of baicalin in all the collected commercial S. baicalensis samples exceeded the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and had significant differences(maximum of 12.21%) among samples, suggesting that the quality of commercial S. baicalensis samples varied considerably. However, there was no significant difference in baicalin content between different provinces or between different haplotypes. This study facilitates the establishment of the standard identification system for S. baicalensis, and can guide the commercial circulation and reasonable medication of S. baicalensis.

Effect of Qingfei Xiegantang on Chronic Inflammation and Endothelial Function with Metabolic Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of Qingfei Xiegantang on chronic inflammation and endothelial function of people of Taiyin constitution with metabolic syndrome （MS）. Method:Patients （162 cases） were divided into control group （80 cases） and observation group （82 cases）. Both groups got lifestyle intervention and treatment with lipid regulation， blood pressure reduction and hypoglycemia according to MS. Patients in observation group got Qingfei Xiegantang， 1 dose/day. Patients in control group got placebo granules of Qingfei Xiegantang. The treatment lasted for 4 months. Before and after treatment， weight， height， waist （WC）， hip， body mass index （BMI） and waist hip ratio （WHR） were calculated. Levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 hPG）， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） and fasting insulin （FINS） were measured. Insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）， insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and islet beta cell function index （HOMA-<italic>β</italic>）， systolic blood pressure （SBD）， diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， leptin （LP）， adiponectin （ADP）， nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were detected and recorded. Then the safety was evaluated. Result:Levels of body mass， BMI， WHR， TG， TC， LDL-C， FBG， 2 hPG， HbA1c， HOMA-IR， SBD， DBP， TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-6， LP， ET-1 and iNOS were all lower than those in control group. Levels of HDL-C， InISI， HOMA-<italic>β</italic>， ADP， NO and eNOS were higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And score of syndrome differentiation of Taiyin people was lower than that in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The compliance rate of BMI in observation group was 70.27% （52/74）， which was higher than 53.42% （39/73） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.421， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. The compliance rate of blood pressure was 95.95% （71/74）， was higher than 84.93% （62/73） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=5.171， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. The compliance rate of blood fat was 87.84% （65/74）， which was higher than 72.60% （53/73） （<italic>χ</italic>²=5.386， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Qingfei Xiegantang can regulate the obesity， blood pressure， blood glucose and blood lipid components of MS， relieve clinical symptoms， improve IR， insulin sensitivity and islet <italic>β</italic> cell function， reduce inflammatory reaction， and increase vascular endothelial function of people of taiyin constitution with metabolic Syndrome.

Attachment process of capsular and intraocular lens and its effect on visual quality after cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The adhesion of capsule and intraocular lens(IOL)is a common phenomenon after cataract surgery. At present, there are increasing researches on the adhesion between the capsule and IOL at home and abroad. In this paper, we will review the adhesion process between the capsule and IOL, morphology, related factors that affect the adhesion, and its influence on the visual quality.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against High Glucose-Induced Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis through Activating SIRT3 Signalling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) can protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against high glucose-induced apoptosis and examine the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#HUVECs were divided into 5 groups: control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose (HG, 40 mmol/L) treatment group, Rb1 (50 µ mol/L) treatment group, Rb1 plus HG treatment group, and Rb1 and 3-(@*RESULTS@#Rb1 ameliorated survival in cells in which apoptosis was induced by high glucose (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Upon the addition of Rb1, mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde levels were decreased (P<0.01), while the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rb1 preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria into the cytosol (P<0.01). In addition, Rb1 upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-associated proteins (P<0.01). Notably, the cytoprotective effects of Rb1 were correlated with SIRT3 signalling pathway activation (P<0.01). The effect of Rb1 against high glucose-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis was restrained by 3-TYP (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Rb1 could protect HUVECs from high glucose-induced apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial function and suppressing oxidative stress through the SIRT3 signalling pathway.

Effect of Qingjin Huatantang on AECOPD Inflammatory Factors by Regulating p62 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To regulate autophagy protein p62 of airway epithelial cells in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) rats with Qingjin Huatantang, in order to explore its effect on interleukin (IL) -1β and tumor necrosis, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Method:Airway epithelial cells and AECOPD airway epithelial cells were cultured. Sixty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely high, medium and low-dose Qingjin Huatantang groups, western medicine group, model group and normal group. Except for the normal group, the remaining groups were included into the AECOPD model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tracheal instillation method + fumigation method. After modeling, the dosage of the high-dose traditional Chinese medicine group was 30 g·kg-1·d-1, that of the middle-dose group was 15 g·kg-1·d-1, that of the low-dose group was 7.5 g·kg-1·d-1, the positive control group was given luo erythromycin (0.017 5 g·kg-1·d-1), the model group and the blank control group were orally given normal saline with the volume of 20 mL·kg-1·d-1. Serum was extracted two weeks after administration, and the cells were intervened with drug-containing serum. The content of interleukin IL-1β, TNF-α, and LTB4 in cell supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And LTC4 content, p62 mRNA and protein expressions in lung airway epithelial cells were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group, ELISA results showed that IL-1β, TNF-α, LTB4, and LTC4 in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, IL-1β, TNF-α, LTB4, LTC4 in cell supernatants in each administration group were significantly reduced (P<0.01), mRNA and protein expressions in p62 showed that compared with the normal group, mRNA and protein expressions in p62 of model group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expressions of p62 in each administration group significantly increased to different degrees (P<0.01). The expression of autophagy in Qingjin Huatantang high-dose group and western medicine group was comparable. Conclusion:Qingjin Huatantang can reduce the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells, which may be related to the regulation of autophagy protein p62.

GG Genotype at rs1275988 and rs2586886 Loci of TWIK-related Acid-sensitive K Channel-1 Gene is A Potential Risk Factor for Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea / 中国医学科学院学报

To explore the mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) by assessing the association between human TWIK-related acid-sensitive K channel-1(TASK-1) gene and OSA. A total of 164 patients with severe OSA and 171 patients without OSA were recruited from the Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,from April to December 2016.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs1275988 and rs2586886) in the TASK-1 gene were selected and genotyped using a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping system. In patients with blood potassium 3.95 mmol/L in patients with TASK-1 GG genotype may be conducive to reducing the incidence of severe OSA.

Population genetics of invasive Pomacea spp. in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species. Methods The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems (lakes, rivers and wetlands) and its costal lands in Xihu District, Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification. Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene, and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships. Results Pomacea specimens, which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea, were found in ponds, rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens, which belonged to 3 haplotypes, including Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3. A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3, and a low frequency was found in Hap2. The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P. canaliculata and P. maculate. The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, China, while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. maculate from Argentina and Brazil. Conclusions P. canaliculata and P. maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. P. maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Attenuates Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Senescence Induced by High Glucose through Sirt3/SOD2 Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#Abstract】 【Objective】To investigate the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 attenuating human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) senescence induced by high glucose through Sirt3/SOD2 pathway.【Methods】The senescence of HUVEC induced by high glucose(40 mmol/L)was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining,and the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1)and P16. Annexin V-FITC/PI was performed to measure apoptotic effect. The expression of sirtuins 3(Sirt3)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)was detected by western blot. Meanwhile,the level of intracellular malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activity of SOD2 were measured.【Results】Treatment of HUVEC with high glucose for 24 hours induced premature senescence instead of apoptosis,as indicated by a larger proportion of the cells stained with SA-β-Gal and the up-regulated expression of PAI-1 and P16. Pretreatment of HUVEC with ginsenoside Rb1(40 μmol/L)could reverse endothelial cell senescence,as indicated by the reduced SA-β-Gal positive cells and the down-regulated expression of PAI-1 and P16. Furthermore,ginsenoside Rb1 pretreatment upregulated the protein expression of Sirt3 and SOD2,and eventually increased the activity of SOD2 and decreased the level of MDA.【Conclusion】Ginsenoside Rb1 could antagonize high glucose-induced premature senescence of HUVEC via Sirt3/SOD2 signaling pathway.

Clinical features of mah-jong reflex epilepsy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To analyze clinical features of mah-jong reflex epilepsy, and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: The clinical data of 15 patient (a study group), who visited in the outpatient department in the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from 2016 to 2018, were collected and analyzed. The clinical data included disease history, 24 h- electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Next, previous 84 case (a literature group) reports published in the past 20 years were searched and compared.
 Results: Both groups of mah-jong reflex epilepsy were predominant in middle-aged men, with onset ages of (44.53±10.58) and (41.48±17.85) years old, respectively. In the study group, time interval usually lasted (4.00±2.45) h from starting play mah-jong to seizure attack, 73.3% patients complained mental fatigue before seizure attack, and 93.3% of the patients were described to have general tonic-clonic seizure. Few positive result was discovered in auxiliary examination, and the percentage was 9.3% in EEG, while no positive outcome was seen in head MRI. There were no significant differences in gender, age of onset, duration of playing mah-jong before attack, type of attack, and changes of head MRI between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).
 Conclusion: Mental fatigue after long-time mah-jong playing and cognitive dysfunction might be the potential triggers in mah-jong reflex epilepsy.

Genetic variants of rs1275988 and rs2586886 in TWIK-related acidsensitive K+ channel-1 gene may be potential risk factors for obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of OSA by assessing the association between the human tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive K+ channel-1 (TASK-1) gene and OSA.@*Methods@#A total of 164 patients with severe OSA and 171 patients without OSA were recruited from the Center for Hypertension of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China) from April to December in 2016. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1275988 and rs2586886) in the TASK-1 gene were selected and genotyped using a kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping system. Clinical-pathological characteristics and genotype data were compared between the severe and non-OSA groups to explore the association between TASK-1 gene polymorphism and severe OSA.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in genotype distribution, allele frequency, and the recessive and dominant model of the two selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1275988 and rs2586886) between the severe and non-OSA groups in the total population (P < 0.05). However, for patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2, the distribution of genotypes and alleles, and the recessive model (GG + GA vs. AA) exhibited significant differences between the severe and non-OSA group (for genotypes: P = 0.014 and P = 0.026; for alleles: P = 0.006 and P = 0.011; for the recessive model: P = 0.005 and P = 0.009, respectively). The simple logistic regression analysis revealed that the GG genotype was a risk factor for OSA. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 4.902 (1.582–15.186, P = 0.006) for rs1275988 and 4.420 (1.422–13.734, P = 0.010) for rs2586886, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the combination of GG genotypes of rs1275988 with BMI ≥28 kg/m2 increased the risk of severe OSA (OR = 8.916, 95% CI 4.506–17.645, P < 0.001).@*Conclusion@#Both the GG genotype of rs1275988 and GG genotype of rs2586886 in the TASK-1 gene may play as potential risk factors in obese patients with OSA.

Regulatory Effect of Qingfei Xiegan Tang on Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Flora of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Chaoyi Qingfei Xiegan Tang on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the regulatory effect on inflammatory markers and intestinal flora. Method: One hundred and twenty-two patients were randomly divided into control group (65 cases) and observation group (67 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got metformin hydrochloride, 0.25 g/time, 2-3 times/day, and the dose was regulated based on glycemic control. In addition to the therapy in control groups, patients in observation group were also given Qingfei Xiegan Tang, 1 dose/day. A course of treatment was 2 months. Before and after treatment, levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected. And insulin sensitivity index (ISI), HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and intestinal flora were detected. And scores of TCM symptoms were graded. Result: By rank sum test, the clinical efficacy of disease in observation group was better than that in control group (Pα and CRP were lower than those in control group (PPPPConclusion: Qingfei Xiegan Tang can ameliorate 2 h PG, regulate levels of glucose, lipid and intestinal flora, relieve clinical symptoms, and inhibit inflammatory response, with a better clinical efficacy than that of pure western medicine.

Benefits and Safety of Tripterygium Glycosides and Total Glucosides of Paeony for Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the benefits and safety of Tripterygium glycosides (TG) and total glucosides of paeony (TGP), commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China, for patients with RA.@*METHODS@#SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TG or TGP in treating RA were included, by searching 8 databases from their inception until December 2017. Two authors extracted data independently. We assessed the quality of SRs using AMSTAR and graded the quality of evidence according to the GRADE approach.@*RESULTS@#Eleven SRs containing an average of 7.6 RCTs, involving a total of 7,012 participants were included in this overview. On the basis of included SRs, TG and TGP could improve the following indexes for RA patients: American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate, ACR50 response rate and ACR70 response rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Moreover, TGP could reduce incidence of hepatotoxicity. The most common adverse effects of TG were gastrointestinal discomfort and gonad toxicity, while for TGP was mild to moderate diarrhea. The overall quality of evidence for these findings ranged from "low" to "moderate".@*CONCLUSIONS@#TG and TGP might be 2 potentially effective complementary and alternative drugs for patients with RA. Nevertheless, due to gonad toxicity, TG should only be considered in elderly patients or patients without reproductive needs. More evidence from high quality RCTs and SRs is warranted to support the use of TG and TGP for RA patients.

Genetic variants of rs1275988 and rs2586886 in TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel-1 gene may be potential risk factors for obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of OSA by assessing the association between the human tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K channel (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive K channel-1 (TASK-1) gene and OSA.@*METHODS@#A total of 164 patients with severe OSA and 171 patients without OSA were recruited from the Center for Hypertension of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China) from April to December in 2016. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1275988 and rs2586886) in the TASK-1 gene were selected and genotyped using a kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping system. Clinical-pathological characteristics and genotype data were compared between the severe and non-OSA groups to explore the association between TASK-1 gene polymorphism and severe OSA.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in genotype distribution, allele frequency, and the recessive and dominant model of the two selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1275988 and rs2586886) between the severe and non-OSA groups in the total population (P > 0.05). However, for patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m, the distribution of genotypes and alleles, and the recessive model (GG + GA vs. AA) exhibited significant differences between the severe and non-OSA group (for genotypes: P = 0.014 and P = 0.026; for alleles: P = 0.006 and P = 0.011; for the recessive model: P = 0.005 and P = 0.009, respectively). The simple logistic regression analysis revealed that the GG genotype was a risk factor for OSA. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 4.902 (1.582-15.186, P = 0.006) for rs1275988 and 4.420 (1.422-13.734, P = 0.010) for rs2586886, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the combination of GG genotypes of rs1275988 with BMI ≥28 kg/m increased the risk of severe OSA (OR = 8.916, 95% CI 4.506-17.645, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Both the GG genotype of rs1275988 and GG genotype of rs2586886 in the TASK-1 gene may play as potential risk factors in obese patients with OSA.