The 1986 dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Puerto Rico: epidemiologic and clinical observations

In 1986 Puerto Rico experienced its eleventh dengue outbreak of this century, but the first with simultaneous transmission of three dengue virus serotypes, and the first with significant numbers of severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. Overall, 10,659 cases were reported; 1,257 cases were laboratory confirmed as having current or recent dengue infection. Dengue 4 (DEN-4) was the predominant serotype (160/363 isolates, 44 percent) followed by dengue 1 (DEN-1) with 134 isolates (37 percent) and dengue 2 (DEN-2), 69 isolates (19 percent). Transmission peaked during September, but large numbers of cases occurred through November. Seventy-one (91 percent) of Puerto Rico's 78 municipalities had laboratory-confirmed cases. Fifty-one percent of all confirmed cases occurred in metropolitan San Juan. Most cases presented clinically as classical dengue fever, but 37 percent of all confirmed cases were reported to have developed some type of hemorrhagic manifestation, and 6 percent reported hematemesis. In addition, 29 laboratory confirmed cases met the WHO case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever, 3 of which were fatal. Among the 29 laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shook syndrome, virus was isolated from 12; one DEN-1, three DEN-2, and eight DEN-4. Among laboratory confirmed cases, infants less than one year of age were at greater risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shook syndrome, hematemesis and any reported hemorrhage than were the other age groups evaluated

Infección por dengue asociada a meningoencefalitis / Dengue infection associated with meningoencephalitis

Cuatro pacientes con Encefalitis que mostraron evidencias serológicas de infección aguda por Dengue son presentados y discutidos

Infecciones virales asociadas a encefalitis en ninos. / Viral infections associated with encephalitis in children

En 45 ninos con encefalitis aguda primaria, durante el periodo de noviembre del 1981 a octubre del 1982, se investigaron la elevacion de titulos de anticuerpos para la infeccion por virus de la encefalitis equina, encefalitis venezolana, fiebre amarilla, polio y dengue, encontrandose 6 casos asociados a polio y 4 a dengue. El estudio puntualiza la necesidad de mayores investigaciones en este campo

Dengue hemorrhagic fever accompanied by encephalopathy in Jakarta.

Forty one cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, confirmed by viral isolation, accompanied by neurological signs compatible to the diagnosis of acute encephalopathy were observed in 3 University Hospitals in Jakarta during the period November 1975 to December 1977. Two of these children showed typical signs and symptoms of Reye's syndrome confirmed by liver biopsy.

Studies on the susceptibility of a large urban population of Aedes aegypti to infection with dengue viruses.

A large urban population of Aedes aegypti in Jakarta, Indonesia was studied for one year to determine whether it was homogeneous in terms of susceptibility to dengue viruses and whether seasonal changes in susceptibility to dengue viruses occurred. Mosquitoes from several districts in Jakarta showed a low but homogeneous susceptibility to dengue 2 virus from November 1975 to April 1976. In June 1976, increased susceptibility to dengue 2 virus was observed among some of the subpopulations of Ae. aegypti, and higher infection rates and increased variation were observed among these mosquitoes during the rest of the study period. Correlation with confirmed DHF cases in Jakarta was discussed.