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Objective To understand the associations between changes of high air temperature and mortality in summer in 31 cities in China.Methods Daily mortality and meteorological data in 31 cities in China from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 were collected.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature change and mortality in early summer and late summer after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The relative risk of high air temperature on mortality was higher in early summer,with relative risk in the range of 1.08-2.14 in early summer and 1.03-1.67 in late summer.In early summer,the influence of high temperature on mortality was mainly below 5th of percentile and above 50th of percentile,while in late summer it was mainly above 95th of percentile.The lag effect of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was 6 days,while the lag effect in late summer was only about 2 days.Conclusions Association existed between high air temperature and mortality.The influence of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was stronger than that in late summer.It is necessary to take targeted protection measures.
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Objective To understand the associations between changes of high air temperature and mortality in summer in 31 cities in China.Methods Daily mortality and meteorological data in 31 cities in China from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 were collected.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature change and mortality in early summer and late summer after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The relative risk of high air temperature on mortality was higher in early summer,with relative risk in the range of 1.08-2.14 in early summer and 1.03-1.67 in late summer.In early summer,the influence of high temperature on mortality was mainly below 5th of percentile and above 50th of percentile,while in late summer it was mainly above 95th of percentile.The lag effect of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was 6 days,while the lag effect in late summer was only about 2 days.Conclusions Association existed between high air temperature and mortality.The influence of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was stronger than that in late summer.It is necessary to take targeted protection measures.
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Construction and application of immunization information system is an important part of health information, which is very useful to improve the quality, efficiency and safety of vaccination. The background, system architecture, functions and applications, working conditions and characteristics of Shandong province Immunization Information System (IIS) are introduced in this article. It is expected to provide experiences for the development of immunization information system of other provinces.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality in six cities in China.Methods Daily diabetes mortality and meteorological data were collected from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Guangzhou,and Shenyang.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature and diabetes mortality after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality varied in different cities,the maximum cumulative relative risk of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Guangzhou and Shenyang were 1.37 (lag 2 days),1.32 (lag 0 days),1.40 (lag 0 days),1.26 (lag 2 days),1.48 (lag 2 days) and 1.67 (lag 3 days).The daily diabetes death numbers were similar in men and women,but the death number in women were slightly higher than that in men,no gender specific characteristics were found.The death number was highest in age group 65-84 years,accounting for ＞60％ of the total deaths,the difference was significant.Conclusion The mortality of diabetes increased obviously in the context of high air temperature environment.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality in six cities in China.Methods Daily diabetes mortality and meteorological data were collected from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Guangzhou,and Shenyang.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature and diabetes mortality after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The effect of high air temperature on diabetes mortality varied in different cities,the maximum cumulative relative risk of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Guangzhou and Shenyang were 1.37 (lag 2 days),1.32 (lag 0 days),1.40 (lag 0 days),1.26 (lag 2 days),1.48 (lag 2 days) and 1.67 (lag 3 days).The daily diabetes death numbers were similar in men and women,but the death number in women were slightly higher than that in men,no gender specific characteristics were found.The death number was highest in age group 65-84 years,accounting for ＞60％ of the total deaths,the difference was significant.Conclusion The mortality of diabetes increased obviously in the context of high air temperature environment.