Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in exercise preconditioning-induced improvement of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Exercise is an effective strategy to prevent and treat various cardiovascular diseases and protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.Its mechanism of action needs to be studied in depth. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of aerobic exercise preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and to explore the effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)activation(including coupling and phosphorylation). METHODS:Eighty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary(n=40)and exercise(n=40)groups.The rats in the exercise group were subjected to aerobic exercise for 8 weeks while those in the sedentary group were quietly fed and caged.After 8 weeks of intervention,three experiments were performed.(1)Experiment 1:After the last training,cardiac function,cardiac nitric oxide metabolite content and cardiac eNOS,phosphorylated eNOS-S1177,eNOS dimer and eNOS monomer protein expression levels were detected.(2)Experiment 2:Rats were divided into sedentary control group,exercise control group,sedentary+eNOS inhibitor group,exercise+eNOS inhibitor group,all of which were subjected to an in vitro myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury experiment.eNOS inhibitor was continuously infused into the sedentary+eNOS inhibitor group and exercise+eNOS inhibitor group 10 minutes before reperfusion,and cardiac function and myocardial infarction area were detected 3 hours after reperfusion.(3)Experiment 3:Rats were divided into sedentary control group,exercise control group,sedentary+eNOS coupler group and exercise+eNOS coupler group,all of which were subjected to an in vitro myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury experiment.The rats in the sedentary+eNOS coupler group and exercise+eNOS coupler group were treated with eNOS coupler.Myocardial infarct area,cardiac nitric oxide metabolite content,cardiac protein expression of eNOS,phosphorylated eNOS-S1177,eNOS dimer,eNOS monomer and 3-nitrotyrosine were detected 3 hours after reperfusion.The phosphorylated eNOS-S1177/eNOS ratio reflected the phosphorylated/dephosphorylated level of eNOS and eNOS dimer/monomer ratio reflected eNOS coupling/uncoupling level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Experiment 1:Compared with the sedentary group,the exercise group had increased cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction(P<0.05),increased nitrite and S-nitrosothiol contents(P<0.05),upregulated phosphorylated eNOS-S1177,eNOS protein expression and phosphorylated eNOS-S1177/eNOS ratio(P<0.05),eNOS dimer protein expression and eNOS dimer/monomer ratios were elevated(P<0.05).Experiment 2:Compared with the sedentary control group,left ventricular development pressure increased(P<0.05)and myocardial infarct area decreased(P<0.05)in the exercise control group.Compared with the exercise control group,left ventricular development pressure decreased(P<0.05)and myocardial infarct area increased(P<0.05)in the exercise+eNOS inhibitor group.Experiment 3:Compared with the sedentary control group,the exercise control group had increased left ventricular developmental pressure(P<0.05),decreased myocardial infarct area(P<0.05),decreased phosphorylated eNOS-S1177/eNOS ratio(P<0.05),decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio(P<0.05),increased S-nitrosothiol content(P<0.05),and decreased 3-nitrotyrosine protein expression(P<0.05).Compared with the exercise control group,the exercise+eNOS coupler group had decreased left ventricular developmental pressure(P<0.05),increased myocardial infarct area(P<0.05),increased phosphorylated eNOS-S1177/eNOS ratio(P<0.05),increased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio(P<0.05),and elevated 3-nitro tyrosine protein expression(P<0.05).To conclude,aerobic exercise preconditioning could induce cardioprotection,which is related to uncoupling and dephosphorylation of eNOS during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion,thereby inhibiting the excessive production of nitric oxide and reducing nitro-oxidative stress.

Aerobic exercise preconditioning improves therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on acute myocardial infarction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Stem cell therapy is an alternative treatment strategy for restoring damaged myocardial tissue after acute myocardial infarction.Exercise preconditioning can induce endogenous cardioprotective effects in the body.However,the efficacy and mechanism of the combined application are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect and possible mechanism of exercise preconditioning combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the therapeutic effect in rats with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:Seventy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,stem cell therapy group,exercise preconditioning group,and combined intervention group.Rats in the exercise preconditioning group and combined intervention group underwent 8-week aerobic exercise on the treadmill before modeling.The animal model of acute myocardial infarction was made by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery.The stem cell therapy group and the combined intervention group were injected with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(1×109 L-1,1 mL)through the tail vein the next day after modeling.After 4 weeks of treatment,the exercise performance was evaluated by a graded treadmill exercise test.The cardiac structure and function were detected by echocardiography.The left ventricle was isolated.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to evaluate myocardial infarct size.Masson staining was used to obtain collagen volume fraction.CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used to detect myocardial capillary density.TUNEL staining was used to detect myocardial cell apoptosis.Immunoblotting was used to detect protein expression levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1,CXC chemokine receptor protein 4,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-10,and vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Intervention efficacy:Compared with the sham operation group,exercise performance,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular fractional shortening,and CD31 positive cell rate decreased(P<0.05);myocardial infarct size,collagen volume fraction,and myocardial apoptotic rate increased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,exercise performance was not statistically significant(P>0.05)in the stem cell therapy group,and the exercise performance improved(P<0.05)in the exercise preconditioning and combined intervention groups;left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular fractional shortening,and CD31 positive cell rate increased(P<0.05),and the myocardial infarct size,collagen volume fraction,and cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate decreased(P<0.05)in the stem cell therapy,exercise preconditioning,and combined intervention groups.Compared with the stem cell therapy group,exercise performance,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular shortening fraction,and CD31 positive cell rate increased(P<0.05),myocardial infarct size,collagen volume fraction,and myocardial cell apoptosis rate decreased(P<0.05)in the combined intervention group.(2)Protein expression:Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α increased(P<0.05),while interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression decreased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the expression of CXC chemokine receptor protein 4 increased(P<0.05)in the stem cell therapy group and combined intervention group,and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α decreased(P<0.05)while interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor increased(P<0.05)in the stem cell therapy group,exercise preconditioning group,and combined intervention group.Compared with the stem cell therapy group,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α decreased(P<0.05),while CXC chemokine receptor protein 4,interleukin-10,and vascular endothelial growth factor increased(P<0.05)in the combined intervention group.To conclude,exercise preconditioning can enhance the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats with acute myocardial infarction,which can inhibit cardiac remodeling,improve cardiac function,and delay the progress of heart failure.Its mechanism is related to the promotion of stem cell homing,inhibition of inflammatory response,and promotion of angiogenesis.

Increased oxidative stress and damage in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) increases oxidative stress and damage in patients with CBP, and to explore its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients with CBP and 80 healthy adults as controls were enrolled in a case-control study, in which levels of nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), and vitamin E (VE) in plasma, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the average values of NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in the healthy control group, those of plasma NO and erythrocyte MDA in the CBP group were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and those of plasma VC and VE as well as erythrocyte SOD and CAT in the CBP group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Findings from partial correlation analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in 80 patients with CBP, adjusted for age, suggested that with prolonged course of the disease, values of NO and MDA were gradually increased (P < 0.001), and those of VC, VE, SOD, and CAT were gradually decreased (P < 0.05-0.001). The findings from stepwise regression analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in CBP group suggested that the model of stepwise regression was Y = -19.1160 + 0.3112MDA + 0.0337NO, F = 22.1734, P < 0.001, r = 0.6045, P < 0.001. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, SOD, CAT, NO, and MDA in the CBP group showed that the reliability coefficients' alpha (6 items) was 0.7195, P < 0.0001, and the standardized item alpha was 0.9307, P < 0.0001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There exist increased oxidative stress and damage induced by chronic bacterial prostatitis in patients, and such a phenomenon is closely related to the course of disease.</p>

The design of an electromyogram-guided treatment instrument / 中国医疗器械杂志

The text introduces an electromyogram-guided treatment instrument with simple operation and lower cost, and it is easy to find the lesion muscle. Its clinical tests have shown a satisfying result.

Study on function of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation on rabbits blood stasis model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of decoction for invigorating the kidney and improving blood circulation to thrombosis on rabbits blood stasis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, heavy dose group, slight dose group and xue shuan ning group. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), fibrinogen (Fbg) and D-dimer (DD) were investigated after those rabbits had been treated. One was selected randomly from each group to observe pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was significant difference in t-PA, PAI, Fbg and DD between normal group and other groups (P < 0.01). Among groups of heavy dose, slight dose, xue shuan ning and model, the statistical differences were significant, as well as among groups of heavy dose, slight dose and xue shuan ning (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between heavy dose group and slight dose group (P > 0.05). The pathological changes in model group were most serious, and those in xue shuan ning were less serious. There were slight pathological change in heavy dose group and light dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Models were made successfully. Heavy dose group and slight dose group have stronger effect on thrombosis than xue shuan ning group.</p>

The study of yi-shen-huo-xue fang's effects on expression of GMP-140 and cleaning out the oxygenic free radicle on rabbits blood stasis model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang on expression of GMP-140 and cleaning out the oxygenic free radicle on rabbits blood stasis model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into five groups as the normal group, model group, large dose of "Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang" group, small dose of "Yi-Shen-Huo-Xue Fang" group and "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group. After being treated respectively, granule membrane protein 140(GMP-140), erythrocyte sueroxide dismutase (E-SOD), erythrocyte lipid peroxide(E-LPO), plasma lipid peroxide(P-LPO) were checked up.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The GMP-140, E-SOD, E-LPO, P-LPO in normal control were compared with those in model groups, With the difference(P < 0.01), model control group was compared with large dose group and small dose group (P < 0.01), with "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group(P < 0.05), large dose group was compared with "Xue-Shuan-Xin-Mai-Ning" group(P < 0.05), and large dose group were compared with small dose group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The model was made successfully. Large dose group, small dose group and "xue-shuan-xin-mai-ning" group can inhibit expression of GMP-140, enhence SOD activity and decrease LPO content on blood stasis rabbit model. Large dose group and small dose group have stronger effect than "xue-shuan-xin-mai-ning" group.</p>