Bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels: construction strategies and applications / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To review the research progress in the construction strategy and application of bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels.@*METHODS@#The literature related to bone/cartilage immunomodulating hydrogels at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and summarized from the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the construction strategy of immunomodulating hydrogels, and their practical applications.@*RESULTS@#According to the immune response mechanism of different immune cells, the biological materials with immunoregulatory effect is designed, which can regulate the immune response of the body and thus promote the regeneration of bone/cartilage tissue. Immunomodulating hydrogels have good biocompatibility, adjustability, and multifunctionality. By regulating the physical and chemical properties of hydrogel and loading factors or cells, the immune system of the body can be purposively regulated, thus forming an immune microenvironment conducive to osteochondral regeneration.@*CONCLUSION@#Immunomodulating hydrogels can promote osteochondral repair by affecting the immunomodulation process of host organs or cells. It has shown a wide application prospect in the repair of osteochondral defects. However, more data support from basic and clinical experiments is needed for this material to further advance its clinical translation process.

Exploring the intervention mechanism of Ginkgo biloba for steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head based on network pharmacology / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on network pharmacology. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of Ginkgo biloba were predicted by the TCMSP, ADME, and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were searched by the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. The core target analysis, modular analysis, GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis of the targets of Ginkgo biloba in the intervention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were performed by the STRING database. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 16 active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba and 547 targets were screened, of which 133 targets were related to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. By PPI network topology analysis, TP53, AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MAPK1, JUN, MAPK8, EGFR, EGF, and MYC were identified as the core targets. GO modularization analysis showed that these core targets were mainly related to apoptosis and angiogenesis. GO enrichment analysis was used to analyze the biological processes, cellular localization, and molecular functions of the core targets. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in molecular signaling pathways, among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the most relevant. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo biloba can inhibit steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which provides the theoretical basis and reference for subsequent cell and animal experiments.