Résumé
Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assayed in various circulating age fractions i.e., young, middle-aged and old red cell from control, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. An increase in the activity of hexokinase was observed in three age-wise separated fractions of red cells from diabetic animals in comparison to control. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the other hand decreased in separated ageing fractions of diabetic red cells when compared to control. Reversal of these two enzymes were observed in insulin-treated diabetic rats. The levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and catecholamines were found to increase with ageing red cells in controls and also increased in red cells plasma.
Sujets)
Animaux , Catécholamines/sang , Diabète expérimental/sang , Vieillissement érythrocytaire/physiologie , Femelle , Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/sang , Hexokinase/sang , Rats , Rat WistarRésumé
Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was determined in 41 patients of typhoid fever and 15 normal controls. The mean ADA activity was significantly raised in typhoid fever patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). The peak enzymatic activity was observed in the first week of illness. Complicated patients had lower mean ADA activity at diagnosis as compared to uncomplicated group and they showed a rise in enzyme level during defervescence, repeated in a few cases. A significant correlation between serum ADA activity and lymphocyte percentage was found (r = 0.4245, p < 0.001). It is concluded that ADA activity in typhoid fever patients not only indicates immunity but also has a prognostic value.
Sujets)
Adenosine deaminase/sang , Adolescent , Études cas-témoins , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Humains , Nourrisson , Numération des lymphocytes , Valeur prédictive des tests , Pronostic , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Fièvre typhoïde/complicationsRésumé
We have compared the in vitro activity of commonly used aminoglycosides--Gentamicin and Amikacin with Ciprofloxacin to determine whether the latter has any role in the empiric treatment of serious bacterial infections. Our results indicate that ciproloxacin was comparable or had a better activity than gentamicin or Amikacin against clinical isolates. As it can be administered orally, hospitalization can be avoided in a large number of patients.
Sujets)
Amikacine/usage thérapeutique , Infections bactériennes/traitement médicamenteux , Ciprofloxacine/usage thérapeutique , Gentamicine/usage thérapeutique , Humains , Tests de sensibilité microbienneRésumé
In 1990, we isolated 158 strains of Salmonella typhi from blood cultures of patients suffering from typhoid fever. Seventy nine (50%) of these isolates were found to be simultaneously resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. These strains were also resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, but sensitive to gentamicin, amikacin and cephalexin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol and trimethoprim for a representative number of these strains were found to be greater than 1024 micrograms/ml and greater than 128 micrograms/ml respectively. Majority of the multidrug resistant (MDR) strains tested against cefotaxime (23/23), ciprofloxacin (38/38) and amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid (23/24) were sensitive to these drugs.
Sujets)
Antibactériens/pharmacologie , Résistance microbienne aux médicaments , Femelle , Humains , Inde/épidémiologie , Mâle , Salmonelloses/épidémiologie , Salmonella typhi/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , SaisonsRésumé
Three hundred and seventeen recent clinical isolates were tested for in vitro susceptibility to the three cephalosporins available in India--cephalexin, cefazolin and cefotaxime by the Kirby--Bauer disc diffusion method. Cefazolin was the most effective cephalosporin against Gram positive cocci (71.8% sensitive) followed by cefotaxime (62.7%) and cephalexin (52.7%). Cefotaxime was very effective against commonly isolated Gram negative bacilli with only 10 (8.8%) isolates being resistant to it while 44 (39%) and 65 (57.5%) were resistant to cefazolin and cephalexin, respectively. All isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to cephalexin and cefazolin and only 29 (32.6%) were sensitive to cefotaxime.