[Evaluation effect of acute normovolemic Hemodilution [ANH] on hemostasis in coronary artery bypass surgery [CABG] under cardiopulmonary bypass with thromboelastography [TEG] analyzer]

Recognizing that allogenic transfusion is best avoided in all patients, we implemented a policy of transfusion avoidance in coronary artery bypass graft surgery with use of acute normovolemic hemodilution [ANH] technique. ANH is a blood conserving technique and a form of pre-operative autologous donation [PAD].Blood stored at the bedside at room temperature [up to 6 hrs.] ANH technique preserves factors and coagulation of stored blood and also has several advantages in physiologic aspect. Thrombelastogrphy is a noninvaive diagnostic instrument designed to monitor and analyze the coagulation state of a blood sample in order to assist in assessment of patient clinical haemostatic condition. A prospective, randomized, clinical trial conducted in 130 patients scheduled surgery with CPB, that divided to two 65 persons, A [ANH] and B [non-ANH] group. Patients underwent ANH with avg. of 500 ml whole blood removed after induction of anesthesia and hemodilution was replaced with crystalloid solution. Hemoglobin, platelets, TEG analysis and homodynamic changes pre and post operation, amount of blood transfusion during surgery and in ICU checked in both groups. This study shows that amount of Hb, pit, in ANH group was greater than B group. Changes in components of R, K, ANGLE, MA in ANH group were statistically significant, that show greater preservation of coagulation factors, platelets,[actors, platelets, [amount and function] and fibrinogen in ANH group. Changes in homodynamic postoperatively were less in ANH group. performance of ANH in CABG is effective in reduce in blood transfusion and post operation bleeding

[ survival rate of fiber-reinforced composite inlay bridges after two million load cycles: an in vitro study]

Fiber reinforced composite [FRC] inlay bridges have become popular for being conservative, simple and relatively inexpensive. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the survival rate of FRC inlay bridges replacing missing maxillary lateral incisors, after being subjected to a cyclic mechanical load of 2 million cycles with a force of 30 N at a frequency of 2 Hz. In this experimental study, 30 anterior bovine teeth were used as abutments to make 15 anterior FRC inlay bridges. Fifteen acrylic resin blocks were fabricated utilizing a dentoform. The teeth were mounted in the resin blocks while trying to simulate normal tooth angulations, PDL and biologic width. Pontics were made indirectly and bridges were directly fabricated in 2x2x2 mm prepared cavities using Nulite F fiber- reinforced composite resin and polyethylene fiber based braids [NSI, Australia]. The specimens were thermocycled for 2000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C and were then exposed to two million load cycles [30 N, 2 Hz] at 130°C to the long axis of the pontics [3mm under the incisal edge] in a cyclic loading machine. Three specimens were excluded due to experimental mishandling. All 12 remaining bridges [%100] survived the applied loads. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that FRC bridges can tolerate more than 2 million normal masticatory forces which is equivalent to 7-9 years of clinical service

Report on Clonal Dissemination of a New Vibrio cholerae Serotype O1 Biotype El Tor Strain in Kurdstan in Summer of 2007

Cholerae disease caused by toxigenic V. cholerae, is a major public health problem in developing countries including Iran. Epidemiological surveillance and comparative molecular analysis of isolates have demonstrated clonal diversity among epidemic strains and a continual emergence of new clones of toxigenic V. cholerae. A total of 20 V.cholerae strains were sent to Pasteur Institute of Iran in September of 2007 from Kordestan province which includes strains of different sub-serotypes. After biochemical identification, isolates subjected to molecular analysis including Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis [PFGE] of NotI digested genomic DNA according to the standardized protocol by Centre of Disease Control [CDC]. PFGE results showed a single pattern for all isolates. The results were interpreted in comparison with patterns obtained by isolates of previous years and showed clonal dissemination of a new clone in Kordestan province in this year

[Evaluation of depression after tubal ligation]

Tubal ligation is an effective and convenient means of contraception and is becoming increasingly popular as a birth control technique in the world. Aim of this study is to compare depression degree before and after tubal ligation. For this purpose, 60 women with 23-51 years old referring to Shiraz Hospital who were candidates for tubal ligation were chosen and evaluated. Women and #101;s depression degree was assessed by Beck depression inventory one day before and six months after operation. Pre and postoperative results were compared by paired t-test. The mean score of depression before operation was 9.42 +/- 8.85 and in six months later was 17.47 +/- 11.14 [P < 0.0001]. If the significant difference will be approved by similar studies, importance of follow up and evaluation of probable factors such as biological or psycho-social are advised so that by proper interventions, we will be able to prevent probable depression in this group of women. The results of this study revealed significantly higher degree of depression after tubal ligation. We could point to some contributing factors such as: changes in the patient and #101;s self-image, feeling of irreversibility of operation, fear of negative evaluation of other, negative attitude of husband and some biological factors. If these findings will be confirmed in future studies, we can plan proper interventions for prevention of depression in this group of women