[Effect of Depo-Provera on depression rate in the women referring to the health center of Babol city]

In the recent century, rapid growth of population is a threat to human life. Family planning has been of great benefit to family health. Thirteen million women in the world use Depo-Provera as a contraceptive method. Different studies have reported development of depression in Depo-Provera users, and some articles reported that they are ineffective on mood. Therefore assessment of Depo-Provera effects on mood is important. Depression in women can lead to physical, psychological and social reactions. Therefore we decided to assess the effect of Depo-Provera on depression rate in the health center of Babol City. This study was a Quazi-experimental study. 64 women completed a questionnaire consisted of demographic data before Depo-Provera injection and also Beck Standard Questionnaire before and 3 months after Depo-Provera injection at the health center of Babol City. For data analysis we used Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests. Mean score of depression symptoms before Depo-Provera injection was 6.50 +/- 8.2 but three month after injection it was 4.50 +/- 6.6 which had a significant difference [p=0.001]. Age, education, satisfaction of husband's job, husband's literacy, husband's aid at home, satisfaction with the marital life, family class, family income, child abortion history, outcome of recent pregnancy, satisfaction in relationship with parents in childhood, satisfaction in relationship with family members, support from the family and relatives, satisfaction in relationship with friends and worrisome events during the last year showed no significant relationship with depression before and after Depo-Provea injections. But satisfaction with husband's family [p=0.034] and history of depression [p=0.026] had a significant relationship with depression before loss of independency and depression before and after Depo-Provera injection [p=0.024, p=0.001]. The results of this study showed lack of deterioration of depression by Depo-Provera injections. Therefore appropriate consultation can lead to increased use of Depo-Provera

[Effect of heat therapy on pain severity and the end of labor in primigravida women]

Pain is a common phenomenon and is an inevitable part of process of childbirth. Continuous labor pain is effective on respiratory system; blood circularly; endocrine glands and other activity of body. Heat as a non pharmacological method of pain relief helps reduce the pain severity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heat therapy on labor pain and the end of labor in prime gravid women who referred to the hospitals of Babol University of medical sciences in Babol in 2006-2007. In this clinical trial study, 64 low risk nullparous women were randomly divided into two groups [heat therapy and routine care groups]. The control group got routine cares in obstetrics ward and heat therapy group in addition ot these cares used warm bag for the low back from cervix dilatation of 3-4 cm to the end of first stage of labor and for perinea at the second stage. The intensity of pain was determined in dilatation of 3-4, 6-6 and 9-10 cm and at the end of second stage of labor by Mc Gill pain scale. Data was analyzed with t-test and chi square and ManWitney tests by using SPSS Software statistical. Comparing two groups showed a significant decrease in the intensity of pain in heat therapy group in the first stage, in the second stage of labor [p<0.001]. Also, in heat therapy group duration of the first and third stage of labor with p<0.001 decreased but duration of second stage of labor showed no significant difference between two groups. The mean of APGAR score of neonates type of delivery and perineum tear, height of fundus an hour after delivery showed no significant difference between two groups. According to the results of this study, it seems that heat affects on the pain severity in first and second stages of labor and duration of first and third stages in labor without any negative effect after delivery on neonate and mother

effect of heat therapy on labor pain severity and delivery outcome in parturient women

Pain relief for labor, as an acute and severe pain, has been considered for many years. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heat therapy on labor pain and the time of labor in primigravida women referring to the affiliated hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences during 2006-2007. In this study, 64 nulliparous women were randomly divided into two groups [heat therapy and routine care group]. The control group received routine care in the obstetrics ward but the heat therapy group used warm bag for the low back since the cervix dilated about 3-4 cm to the end of the first stage of labor and for perinea at the second stage as well as the routine cares. The severity of pain was determined on dilatation of 3-4, 6-7 and 9-10 cm and at the end of the second stage of labor by Mc Gill pain questionnaire. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant decrease in the intensity [severity] of pain in the heat therapy group in the first stage, and on dilatation of 6-7 cm and 9-10 cm, and in the second stage of labor. Also, in the heat therapy group duration of the first and third stages of labor decreased but that of the second stage of labor showed no significant difference between the two groups. According to the results of this study, it seems that heat affects the intensity of pain in the first and second stages of labor and shortens the first and third stages of labor

Genital infection by Trichomonas Vaginalis in women referring to Babol health centers: prevalence and risk factors

There is little information about the prevalence and risk markers of Trichomonas Vaginalis [TV] in Islamic Republic of Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and to examine the factors associated with this infection. A sample of 550 sexually active women aged less than 45 years living in Babol were enrolled using systematic sampling technique. They were interviewed using a questionnaire, and all the subjects underwent pelvic examination and a discharge ectocervix sample was collected for the diagnosis of TV using wet smear. The prevalence of TV was 4%, there being a significant association between TV and the sociodemographic variables such as the husband's education, and woman's age [20-30 years]. The behavioral markers significantly associated with the infection were, not using condom, having ever heard of lack of information about STD/HIV [Sexual Transmitted Disease], and protected last sexual contact in that month and cigarette smoking by husbands. The signs significantly associated with the infection were vaginal discharge, mucopurulent cervicitis, and redness of vulvovaginal. Syndromic diagnosis revealed a moderate sensitivity of 55% and poor positive predictive value for infection. The prevalence of positive TV is low in the studied women. Therefore, a net diagnosis using laboratory tests is necessary before the initiation of treatment

New trends in the management of acute myocardial infarction

In the past decade, in-hospital mortality rates from acute myocardial infraction [AMI] have been reduced from about 20% to nearly 10% with use of thrombolytic therapy combined with other pharmacologic and interventional means [1]. New trends in the management of myocardial infarction have recently emerged. This article discusses the latest trend in the management of acute myocardial infarction