Depression among a group of elders in Alexandria, Egypt

Depression is projected to be the leading cause of disease burden in older populations by the year 2020. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence depression among a group of elders in Alexandria, Egypt and compare the characteristic of elders in 3 different settings. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 people aged 60+ years in a government elderly home, an internal medicine ward in Alexandria Main University Hospital and a slum area In Alexandria. Based on the Geriatric Depression Scale [short form] the highest prevalence of scores that were suggestive or indicative of depression was among elders who were hospitalized [79.0%], had ophthalmic diseases [85.7%] or tumours [80.0%], had 2+ chronic morbidities [64.9%], were taking 4+ medications daily [83/3%], were more physically dependent and had had 2+ hospital admissions in the last 3 years [90.9%]. Modifiable factors that impact on depression need to be considered in developing interventions for improving mood states in the elderly

Synthesis and investigation of mass spectra of some nitrogen heterocycles

2, 3-diphenyl-l, 2-dihydro-quinoxaline [2], 2, 3-diphenyl-quinoxaline [3] and 2, 3-diphenyl-l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-quinoxaline [4] were prepared via the reaction of benzoin with o-phenylene diamine under different reaction conditions. Acylation of 2 and 4 with acetic anhydride yielded the corresponding N-acetyl [5] and N, N-l, 4-diacetyl derivative [7], respectively. Bromination of 2 with bromine gave the corresponding 6, 7-dibromo-2,3- diphenyl-quinoxaline [6]. 2, 3, 5, 6-tetraphenylpyrazine [8] and l-[benzylidene] amino-4, 5-diphenyl-l,5-dihydro-imidazoldine-2-thione [9] were synthesized by treatment of benzoin [1] with thiourea and benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone. The electron impact mass spectra of both of the above series of compounds have also been recorded and their fragmentation pattern is discussed

Synthesis and mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some thiazole and 2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one derivatives

2-[[5-ARYL-THIAZOL-2-YL]-hydrazonomethyl-phenols [2a, b] and 3-[[2-hydroxybenzylidiene]-amino]-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one [3] were prepared via cyclization of salicylaldehydethiosemicarbazone [1] with omega [small latter]-bromomethyl aryl ketones and ethyl chloroacetate in presence of fused sodium acetate. Reaction of 3 with hydrazine hydrate, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, ethyl iodide, methyl acrylate and diazonium chloride yielded the corresponding salicylaldazine [4], 1-acetyl-3-[[2-acetoxybenzylidene]-amino]-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one [5], 3-[[2-hydroxybenzylidene]-amino]-5-benzylidene-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one [6], 1-substituted-3-[[2-hydroxybenzylidene]-amino]-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-ones [8 and 9] and 3-[[5-phenylazo-2-hydroxybenzylidene]-amino]-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-l-one [10]. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the compounds are described

Synthesis and reactions of 2,2'- [m-Phenylene] bis [[4-arylidene-5 [4H] -oxazolones]

2'-[M-phenylene] bis [4-aryliaene-5 [4H]-oxazolones-Va-d have been synthesized. The hydrolysis, alcoholysis, ammonolysis, aminolysis as well as hydrazinolysis of these oxazolones have been studied. When the products of alcoholysis, aminonolysis and aminolysis were heated above their melting points they have eliminated 2 molecules of alcohol, ammonia and amine respectively yielding the starting oxazolones. Also it was noted, that the alcoholysis may be catalyzed by sodium azide. The spectroscopic data by the newly synthesized compounds are discussed. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were tested to determine their dyeing and gmepnti properties