Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Tumorigenesis and Development and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） is an important organelle responsible for protein， steroid， lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and calcium-dependent signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. ER homeostasis is essential for normal cell function. ER homeostasis imbalance can induce ER stress （ERS）， which participates in the occurrence and development of diseases of the digestive system， respiratory system， circulatory system， nervous system， reproductive system， and endocrine system， and affects body health. Among various diseases， cancers seriously endanger people′s health due to its high mortality rate， disability rate， and recurrence rate. Due to the survival characteristics of unlimited proliferation， tumor cells are often exposed to various internal and external stimuli such as hypoxia， ischemia， excessive proliferation， and starvation， which destroy intracellular protein balance and induce ERS to some extent for survival. ERS plays a major role in various tumors and has dual functions in the survival of tumor cells： promoting the survival of tumor cells by activating a series of adaptive responses， while inducing ERS-related apoptosis pathways， so as to promote tumor cell death and inhibit tumor growth and invasion. As multiple functions of ERS in tumors are reported， many scholars have tried to intervene in the progress of tumors from the perspective of ERS. The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on tumors has been widely recognized. TCM can participate in the regulation of tumors from many aspects， including ERS， chemoradiotherapy resistance， gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy， postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Since there are few reports on the antitumor effect of TCM from the perspective of ERS， this paper expounds the influence of ERS on tumorigenesis and development and the progress of TCM intervention in tumor through ERS， in order to provide a new direction for tumor treatment.

Application of Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Rehabilitaion Assessment of Triceps Surae and Achilles Tendon after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To apply the ultrasonic shear wave elastography to evaluate triceps surae and Achilles tendon for patients with lower extremity dyskinesia after stroke. Methods:Thirty-two inpatients during 2018 and 2019 with unilateral lower extremity dyskinesia after stroke were studied with 2-D ultrasound and shear wave elastography on the bilateral triceps surae and Achilles tendons before and after rehabilitation. Shear wave velocity (SWV) of the triceps surae and the Achilles tendons, the length and thickness of Achilles tendon (soleus tendon) were measured. Results:Before rehabilitation, the SWV of the Achilles tendons and the triceps surae increased more in the affected side than in the unaffected side (t > 2.426, P < 0.05), as well as the length of the Achilles tendons (t = 11.801, P < 0.001). After rehabilitation, the SWV of the triceps surae decreased (t > 2.447, P < 0.05), as well as the length of the Achilles tendons (t = 8.577, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to evaluate the elastic characteristics of the Achilles tendon and the triceps surae, to guide the rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Application of Ultrasound Elastography in Quantitative Evaluation for Spasticity of Forearm Flexor Muscles after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To apply the ultrasound elastography in quantitative evaluation for spasticity of forearm flexor muscles after stroke, and observe its characteristics. Methods:From January to October, 2019, 30 inpatients with stroke were recruited, followning spasticity of wrist and finger flexor muscles. They were measured the shear wave velocity (SWV) of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) with ultrasound elastography, and assessed the tension of wrist and finger flexors with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results:The SWV of all the muscles were more in stretching position than in relaxation position in both sides (|Z| > 3.844， P < 0.001). The SWV of all the muscles were more in the affected side than in the unaffected side in stretching position (|Z| > 3.593， P < 0.001). The differences of SWV between stretching and relaxation were more in all the muscles in the affected side than in the unaffected side (t > 3.199, P < 0.01). The mean SWV of all the muscles significantly correlated with the MAS score of wrist (r = 0.605, P < 0.001), while the mean SWV of FDS and FDP correlated with the MAS score of finger (r = 0.540, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Ultrasound elastography is useful to quantitatively evaluate the spasticity of each muscle of forearm flexors after stroke.

Application of warm liquid in proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) internal fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and application of warm fluid in patients with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) internal fixation.@*METHODS@#From November 2012 to December 2016, 80 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were treated with PFNA internal fixation, including 35 males and 45 females, aged from 62 to 90 years old. The patients were divided into two groups. In the control group 40 patients were infused and rinsed at the normal temperature liquid(22 to 24 °C) during the operation; in the experimental group 40 patients were infused and rinsed at warm liquid(36.5 to 37.5 °C). The amount of bleeding, the temperature, the occurrence of shiver and the C-reaction protein in the two groups were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of hypothermia and shiver in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(<0.05). The amount of intraoperative bleeding and C-reaction protein were significantly decreased(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of warm liquid infusion and flushing in PFNA internal fixation can effectively reduce the incidence of hypothermia and shiver, reduce the amount of bleeding in the operation and the infection rate of the surgical site, improve the comfort of the patients, and ensure the safety of the patients.

Comparation of Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection under Different Guidance Approaches on Wrist and Finger Spasticity in Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To compare the effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection guided with electromyographic/electric stimulation or ultrasonography in patients with post-stroke spasticity of wrist and finger flexor muscles. Methods:Inpatients with post-stroke spasticity of wrist and finger flexor muscles accepted BTX-A injection from January, 2015 to May, 2019 were reviewed. They were divided into electromyographic/electric stimulation-guided group (n = 36) and ultrasound-guided group (n = 37). They were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) before injection and four weeks after treatment. Results:The scores of both MAS and FMA improved in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 4.654, P < 0.001), and the scores of MAS improved more in the ultrasound-guided group (|Z| > 1.980, P < 0.05), with less dosage of BTX-A (t = 4.023, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided injection of BTX-A is more effective on wrist and finger flexion muscles spasticity than electromyographic/electric stimulation-guided method in stroke patients.

Predictors for Better Blood-Flow Restoration of Long-Segmental Below-the-Knee Chronic Total Occlusions after Endovascular Therapy in Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate predictors for good restoration of blood flow of below-the-knee (BTK) chronic total occlusions (CTOs) after endovascular therapy in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 long-segmental (≥ 5 cm) BTK, CTOs in 81 patients who underwent recanalization were included in this study. After angioplasty, blood-flow restoration was assessed using modified thrombolysis in myocardial ischemia grades and classified as good flow (grade 3) and poor flow (grade 1/2). One hundred and six CTOs with successful recanalization were divided into a good flow group (GFG; n = 68) and poor flow group (PFG; n = 38). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to determine independent predictors of blood-flow restoration. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the best cutoff value. The prevalence of target-lesion restenosis during follow-up was compared between two groups. RESULTS: Univariate analyses suggested that CTOs in GFG were characterized by lighter limb ischemia (p = 0.03), shorter course of ischemic symptoms (p < 0.01) and lesion length (p = 0.04), more frequent use of intraluminal angioplasty (p = 0.03), and higher runoff score (p < 0.01) than those in PFG. Multivariate regression analyses suggested that distal runoffs (p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 10.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.082–26.071) and lesion length (p < 0.001; OR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.091–1.449) were independent predictors for good flow restoration. Kaplan-Meier analyses at 12 months showed a higher prevalence of non-restenosis in GFG (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Distal runoffs and lesion length are independent predictors for good flow restoration for long-segmental BTK, CTOs in DM patients who receive endovascular therapy.

Excitotoxic effects of glutamate on cochlear organotypic cultures / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Glutamate (Glu) is the major afferent excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system, and excessive Glu may play an important role in cochlear dysfunction. It is unclear how excessive Glu plays roles in cochlear dysfunction in cochlear organotypic cultures. In this study neonatal rat cochlear organotypic cultures were prepared, and then the cochlear tissues were incubated with a new medium containing specific concentrations of Glu (0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 or 20 mmol/L) for 24 h, or incubated with the medium containing a concentration of 20 mmol/L Glu for 6, 12, 24 or 72 h, respectively. It was found that when the cochlear tissues were cultured for 24 h, the inner hair cells (IHCs) were damaged at the concentration of 0.5 mmol/L Glu, and with the increases of the concentrations, the injury was gradually aggravated, and 20 mmol/L Glu resulted in the significant loss of IHCs. In the 20 mmol/L Glu groups, the stereocilia bundles were missing or disarrayed on a few IHCs after culture for 6 h and the damage effect was time-dependent. The missing of IHCs was more significant in the basal turn of the cochlea than in the middle turn of the cochlea under the same concentration of Glu exposure. These results suggest that excessive exogenous Glu affects the morphology of IHCs, but not affects the outer hair cells (OHCs) in cochlear organotypic cultures, and the excitotoxic effects are different on IHCs of different parts of the cochlea under the same concentration of Glu exposure.

Excitotoxic effects of glutamate on cochlear organotypic cultures / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Glutamate (Glu) is the major afferent excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system, and excessive Glu may play an important role in cochlear dysfunction. It is unclear how excessive Glu plays roles in cochlear dysfunction in cochlear organotypic cultures. In this study neonatal rat cochlear organotypic cultures were prepared, and then the cochlear tissues were incubated with a new medium containing specific concentrations of Glu (0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 or 20 mmol/L) for 24 h, or incubated with the medium containing a concentration of 20 mmol/L Glu for 6, 12, 24 or 72 h, respectively. It was found that when the cochlear tissues were cultured for 24 h, the inner hair cells (IHCs) were damaged at the concentration of 0.5 mmol/L Glu, and with the increases of the concentrations, the injury was gradually aggravated, and 20 mmol/L Glu resulted in the significant loss of IHCs. In the 20 mmol/L Glu groups, the stereocilia bundles were missing or disarrayed on a few IHCs after culture for 6 h and the damage effect was time-dependent. The missing of IHCs was more significant in the basal turn of the cochlea than in the middle turn of the cochlea under the same concentration of Glu exposure. These results suggest that excessive exogenous Glu affects the morphology of IHCs, but not affects the outer hair cells (OHCs) in cochlear organotypic cultures, and the excitotoxic effects are different on IHCs of different parts of the cochlea under the same concentration of Glu exposure.

Changes of myeloid related protein-8/myeloid related protein-14 expressions in children with Kawasaki disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the expression changes of myeloid-related protein-8 (MRP-8) and myeloid-related protein-14 (MRP-14) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and to obtain laboratory diagnostic serum markers and new targets for its drug therapy.Methods A total of 46 patients with KD(KD group) were enrolled from Jul.2009 to Dec.2010 and divided into the coronary artery dilatation(CAD) group(n =15) and the normal coronary artery group(n =31) ;Meanwhile,25 febrile patients with acute respiratory tract infection but without disease in the circulatory,blood,immune systems formed the non-KD febrile group.Twenty healthy children from the out-patient department formed the healthy control group.Peripheral venous blood was collected in the acute and subacute stage of KD.Levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA).Gene expressions of MRP-8,MRP-14 in leukocytes were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Results The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 along with mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in the leukocytes in the out-patient acute and subacute stage of KD were significantly higher than those in the non-KD febrile group and the healthy control group(all P ＜ 0.05) ;There was no significant difference between non-KD febrile group and healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05).The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 along with mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in leukocyte in actue stage of KD were significantly higher than those in subacute stage(all P ＜ 0.001).The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 as well as mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in the acute and the subacute stage of CAD group were significantly higher than those in the normal coronary artery group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MRP-8/MRP-14 may probably play a role in the pathogenesis of KD and can be used as a diagnostic indicator for KD;MRP-8/MRP-14 may be involved in the formation of coronary artery lesion and can be used as an effective predictor for the coronary artery lesion.

Drug-eluting stent for treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the safety, early and mid-term outcomes of drug-eluting stent-assisted angioplasty in treating symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis. Methods From June 2004 to June 2008 a total of 24 patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to vertebral artery (VA) origin atherosclerotic stenosis received drug-eluting stent-assisted angioplasty. Patient records were reviewed for angiographic findings, peri-procedural complications, and follow-up data. Results The procedures were technically successful for all patients and the stenoses were greatly improved. All patients were available for follow-up for (19 ± 2) months. Two patients developed mild in-stent restenosis. Conclusion Our finding confirms that drug-eluting stent-assisted angioplasty is feasible and safe for treating symptomatic vertebral artery origin stenosis, with satisfactory early outcome.

Numerical simulation in analysis of hemodynamic changes in intracranial aneurysm with elastic wall / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To use numerical simulation for analying hemodynamic changes in intracranial aneurysm with elastic wall, and to analyze the effect of mechanical properties of the aneurysm wall on the hemodynamic changes. Methods Based on the DSA images of a patient with multi-intracranial aneurysm, the numerical simulation of the hemodynamics of the elastic intracinal aneurysm was processed using a software of finite element method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the computational fluid-structure interaction analyses. We also investigated the effect of the coupling of hemodynamics and aneurysm wall movement. Results The morphology of the elastic aneurysm underwent deformation, and the angle between aneurysm and parent artery also changed, affecting the inflow jet dispersed into the flow field of aneurysm and the distribution of wall shear stress on the surface of aneurysm. Conclusion The numerical simulation of CFD can directly reflect the hemodynamic characteristics of aneurysms. More accurate elastic wall aneurysm model is needed to improve the quantitative analysis of the hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms.

Comparative study on the protective effects of Yinchenhao Decoction against liver injury induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate and carbon tetrachloride / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the animal model of liver injury that can properly represent the pathological characteristics of dampness-heat jaundice syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The liver injury in the model rat was induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) respectively, and the effects of Yinchenhao Decoction (, YCHD), a proved effective Chinese medical formula for treating the dampness-heat jaundice syndrome in clinic, on the two liver injury models were evaluated by analyzing the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialchehyche (MDA), total bilirubin (T-BIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) as well as the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The experimental data were analyzed by principal component analytical method of pattern recognition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of liver weight to body weight was significantly elevated in the ANIT and CCl(4) groups when compared with that in the normal control (P<0.01). The contents of ALT and T-BIL were significantly higher in the ANIT group than in the normal control (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the levels of AST, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in CCl(4) group relative to those in the normal control P<0.01). In the YCHD group, the increase in AST, ALT and ALP levels was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), but with no significant increase in serum T-BIL. In the CCl(4) intoxicated group, the MDA content was significantly increased and SOD, GSH-PX activities decreased significantly compared with those in the normal control group, respectively (P<0.01). The increase in MDA induced by CCl(4) was significantly reduced by YCHD P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YCHD showed significant effects on preventing liver injury progression induced by CCl(4), and the closest or most suitable animal model for damp-heat jaundice syndrome may be the one induced by CCl(4).</p>

Adenovirus-mediated delivery of bcl-2 gene attenuates cisplatin-induced degeneration of cultured spiral ganglion cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the bcl-2 gene in cultured spiral ganglion cells (SGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SGC from P3 rats were cultured in vitro and exposed to adenovirus vector carrying green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP), followed by immunocytochemical analysis for expression of the neuron-specific marker Neurofilament 200 (NF200) and detection under laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. Then, SGC were transduced by Ad-bcl-2 and the expression of human bcl-2 protein was evaluated by Western Blot. Finally, the cultures of SGC were divided into 4 groups: the group of Ad-bcl-2 transfection followed by cisplatin treatment, the group of Ad-GFP transfection followed by cisplatin treatment, the group of cisplatin treatment only and the untreated group. Cisplatin worked for 48 hours at a concentration of 2 microg/ml. Outcome measures included survival number of SGC and longest neurite length by using ImageJ software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SGC were cultured successfully in vitro and transfected by adenovirus vector safely and efficiently. By Western Blot, human bcl-2 protein was expressed in the group after exposure to Ad-bcl-2, but not in the Ad-GFP transfected SGC. Cisplatin exposure resulted in shrinking of neuritis and pyknosis of cell body, even cell death. Expression of bcl-2 in the SGC provided a significant level of protection against cisplatin-induced SGC degeneration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results suggest that SGC can be transduced by adenovirus vector safely and efficiently in vitro. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of the bcl-2 gene attenuates cisplatin-induced SGC degeneration.</p>

Effect of Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Spasticity of Upper Extremity with Different Functional Status after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on spasticity of upper extremity with different functional status after stroke.Methods 32 post-stroke patents with upper extremity spasticity were divided into the good function group (n=13) and poor function group (n=19) according to the function of upper extremity. All patients in two groups were treated with injection of domestic BTX-A at the biceps brachii and rehabilitation therapy. The efficacy was assessed with rang of motion, Modified Ashowrth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Mot-FIM upper extremity before and 8-week after treatment.Results After treatment, the rang of motion and FMA scores of patients in two groups improved ( P<0.05), but the good function group was superior to the poor function group; the scores of MAS of two groups were not different ( P>0.05); the scores of Mot-FIM upper extremity of the patients in two groups increased ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups ( P>0.05).Conclusion The effect of BTX-A injection at the biceps brachii on post-stroke patients with good function of upper extremity is superior to the patients with poor function of upper extremity.

Effect of motor impersistence on functional recovery and prognosis of patients with left hemiplegia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of motor impersistence on functional recovery and prog- nosis of patients with left hemiplegia. Methods A total of 64 in-patients with left side hemiplegia who were able to understand the oral instructions were assigned into a motor impersistence group (n = 31 ) and a control group (n = 34) , respectively, according to the assessment with Scale of Motor Impersistence developed by Joynt. Both groups were comparable in terms of the basic clinical characteristic and motor function of patients except motor impersis- tence. The conventional rehabilitation training programs were adopted for all patients in this study. Brunnstrom func- tional category, Ueda Satoshi hemiplegic finger function assessment scale, upper limb function assessment scale, Berg balance scale, Functional ambulatory category, Modified Barthel Index were employed to evaluate the subjects before and after 1 and 2 months of treatment, with regard to the motor function of their upper limbs, walking ability, activities of daily living performance and balance ability. Results After 1 month of treatment, the patients in the M1 group were significantly improved with regard to the motor function of upper limbs, hand function, standing ba- lance and activity of daily living performance( P0.05 ) , while those in the control group were improved with all the parameters except the lower limb function. After 2 months of treatment, patients in both groups were all significantly improved ( P