Occupational injuries prone to infectious risks amongst healthcare personnel in Kuwait: a retrospective study

The study aimed at determining the prevalence of incident occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials [OPIM] among healthcare personnel [HCP] during 2010 and at evaluating the factors associated with these incidents. Subjects and an epidemiological, retrospective, record-based study was conducted. All self-reported incidents of occupational exposure to blood and OPIM among HCP from all healthcare settings of the Kuwait Ministry of Health during 2010 were included. The total number of the exposed HCP was 249. The prevalence of incident exposure was 0.7% of the HCP at risk. Their mean age was 32.31 +/- 6.98 years. The majority were nurses: 166 [66.7%], followed by doctors: 35 [14.1%], technicians: 26 [10.4%] and housekeeping personnel: 22 [8.8%]. Needle stick injury was the most common type of exposure, in 189 [75.9%], followed by sharp-object injury, mucous-membrane exposure and contact with nonintact skin. The majority of needle stick exposures, i.e. 177 [93.7%], were caused by hollow-bore needles. Exposure to blood represented 96.8%, mostly during drawing blood and the insertion or removal of needles from patients [88 [35.4%]] and when performing surgical interventions [56 [22.6%]]. Easily preventable exposures such as injuries related to 2-handed recapping of needles [24 [9.6%]] and garbage collection [21 [8.4%]] were reported. Exposures mainly occurred in the inpatient wards [75 [30.1%]] and operating theaters [56 [22.6%]]. Among the exposed HCP, 130 [52.2%] had been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B virus [HBV]. Needle stick injuries are the most common exposure among HCP in Kuwait, and nurses are the most frequently involved HCP category. A good proportion of exposures could be easily prevented. HBV vaccination coverage is incomplete

Nosocomial infections in a medical - surgical intensive care unit

We aimed to describe the pattern of nosocomial infections in an adult medical-surgical intensive care unit [ICU]. A 2-year prospective cohort study of nosocomial infection surveillance in a 15-bed adult combined medical and surgical ICU of Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait, was carried out. Data were collected between January 2004 and December 2005 using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component. Of 1,173 patients hospitalized in the ICU for an aggregate duration of 6,855 days, 89 patients acquired a total of 140 nosocomial infections; 46 [33%] ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP], 33 [24%] central-line-associated bloodstream infection and 15 [11%] catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 22 [16%] cutaneous infection and 24 [17%] other infections. The overall patient day rate was 20.6/1,000 patient days. The patient infection rate was 10.6/100 patients at risk. The mean VAP rate was 9.1/1,000 ventilator days [95% CI, 5-13.2], the central-line-associated bloodstream infection rate 5.5/1,000 central line days [95% CI, 3.2-7.8] and the catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate 2.3/1,000 catheter days [95% CI, 1.2-3.4]. Of all nosocomial infections, 119 [85%] were culture-confirmed and 21 [15%] were clinically defined culture-negative infections. Of the culture-confirmed nosocomial infections, 81 [68%] were Gram-negative, 32 [27%] Gram-positive and 6 [5%] fungal. The most frequent organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa [20, 17%], followed by Acinetobacter baumannii [15, 13%], Klebsiella spp. [13, 11%] and Escherichia coli [10, 8%]. The crude mortality was 27% among ICU-infected patients. VAP was the most common nosocomial infection in our ICU. Gram-negative organisms were more commonly reported as etiologic agents of ICU infections