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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and has posed significant challenges to global public health and medical care.Due to the unclear pathogenesis of NAFLD,lipid accumulation plays a key role in its development.AMPK,as a crucial molecule in lipid metabolism regulation,can improve lipid accumulation caused by NAFLD.This article describes the specific mechanisms of AMPK-related molecules in improving lipid accumulation and treating NAFLD,and lists the current experimental and therapeutic drugs related to AMPK.The potential of AMPK-related drugs in improving lipid accumulation and treating NAFLD is demonstrated,providing ideas and references for future research on AMPK-related drugs for treating NAFLD.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Changyuning prescription on PTEN,TLR2,Caspase-3,Caspase-9 in phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway in colon tissue of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)rats.Methods After adaptive feeding for 7 days,70 SPF rats were divided into blank group of 10 and modeling group of 60.The rats in the modeling group were given TNBS/ethanol solution enema to induce UC model.The rats that successfully bulit the model were randomly divided into model group,mesalazine group,Changyuning high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups,and Changyuning high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups,respectively,and the equivalent amount of crude drug was 4 g·mL-1,2 g·mL-1,1 g·mL-1 of Changyuning prescription solution 10 mL·kg-1,the mesalamine group was given 10 mL·kg-1 of mesalamine suspension equivalent to 0.2 g·kg-1 crude drug,the blank control group and model group were given an equal volume of 10 mL·kg-1 of normal saline was given by gavage.The rats in each group were given intragastric administration once a day for 14 consecutive days.Rats were sacrificed after the last administration.Disease activity index was evaluated;colon changes were observed by HE staining;colon tissue damage index was evaluated;The expression of PI3K,AKT,PTEN,TLR2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 proteins was detected by Western Blotting in colon tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the protein expression levels of PI3K,AKT,Caspase-3,Caspase-9 and TLR2 in the model group were increased(P<0.05),and the protein expression level of PTEN was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression levels of PI3K,AKT,Caspase-3,Caspase-9 and TLR2 proteins in the Changyuning high-dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of PTEN were significantly increased(P<0.05);The levels of PI3K,AKT and Caspase-3 in the salazine group and Changyuning medium dose were decreased(P<0.05),the expression level of PTEN protein was increased(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance in the expression of Caspase-9;There was no statistical significance in the expression of each protein between the Changyuning low-dose group and the model group.Conclusion Changyuning recipe has a significant effect on the treatment of UC,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its related proteins PTEN,TLR2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9,which can effectively relieve the symptoms of UC rats and reduce colon pathological damage.
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Traditional thoracic surgery teaching has many problems, such as limited classroom teaching time allocation, many diseases and difficult to fully cover classroom teaching, uneven practical teaching level, and difficulty in updating "big textbooks". The Department of Thoracic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University has gradually applied microlecture to all levels of thoracic surgery teaching, such as undergraduate auxiliary classroom teaching and clinical skills training, grassroots and refresher doctor training, postgraduate education, etc., and has achieved good results of teaching effect.