Résumé
Diabetes mellitus is a common medical condition complicating pregnancy. The present study is planned to estimate the level of insulin and leptin in cord blood of infants of diabetic mothers to find if there is a relation between circulating levels of leptin as well as insulin in umbilical cord of these infants and their birth weight and length. Twenty four controlled and 32 uncontrolled diabetic women, beside 20 healthy nondiabetic women and their full term infants constituted the subjects of the present work. Patients and controls were selected from attendants of the Obstetric and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of EI-Galaa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Cairo. Assessment of the glycemic state [controlled or uncontrolled] was performed by estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]. Thorough clinical examination of the infants including birth weight, BMI and height was done. Cord blood was collected from the neonates delivered to those mothers immediately after clamping the cord and serum levels of insulin and leptin were measured. Results demonstrated that cord blood insulin and leptin levels are increased in infants of uncontrolled diabetics more than infants of controlled diabetics and infants of nondiabetic controls. Also, significant increase in body weight and body mass index in infants of uncontrolled diabetics more than infants of controlled diabetic and infants of nondiabetic controls was found. A significant positive correlation was found between umbilical cord plasma insulin and leptin levels and body weight, length, body mass index and maternal HbA1c in all groups. No significant difference of umbilical cord plasma leptin and insulin levels was found between male and female infants of all groups