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Abstract The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a medium-sized carnivore that occurs in different regions of Pakistan, however, still lacks scientific data on its ecology and distribution. The current study investigated the phylogenetic status and diet of the red fox (V.v. griffithii) occurring in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan. Through camera trapping and molecular analysis, we confirmed the occurrence of red fox in the study area. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome B (304 bp) and limited sampling, nearly all red foxes of Ayubia National Park and surrounding Himalayan ranges fall within Holarctic maternal lineage, whereas red foxes found in plains of Pakistan are part of the basal Palearctic maternal lineage. Using 32 scats, we found that red fox diet comprises of 80% animal-based prey species (both wild and domestic) and 19% plant matter. The wild animal prey species included Cape hare (Lepus capensis) and flying squirrel (Pteromyini sp.), which constituted 17% and 15% of diet, respectively. Red foxes infrequently consumed House mouse (Mus musculus), Himalayan Palm civet (Paguma larvata) and sheep (Ovis aries), each comprising around 6% to 9% of red fox diet. The fox species also scavenged on domestic donkey opportunistically. Based on our sampling, our study suggests that the red fox (V.v. griffithii) that occurs in Ayubia National Park and across the lesser Himalayan ranges belongs to Holarctic maternal lineage. The study also highlights consumption of plant seeds by red foxes, indicating it may play an important ecological role in seed dispersal in Ayubia National Park.
Resumo A raposa-vermelha (Vulpes vulpes) é um carnívoro de médio porte que ocorre em diferentes regiões do Paquistão, porém ainda carece de dados científicos sobre sua ecologia e distribuição. O presente estudo investigou o status filogenético e a dieta da raposa-vermelha (V.v. griffithii) que ocorre no Parque Nacional de Ayubia, Paquistão. Por meio de armadilhas fotográficas e análises moleculares, confirmamos a ocorrência de raposa-vermelha na área de estudo. Com base no citocromo B mitocondrial (304 bp) e amostragem limitada, quase todas as raposas-vermelhas do Parque Nacional de Ayubia e áreas circundantes do Himalaia se enquadram na linhagem materna holártica, enquanto as raposas-vermelhas encontradas nas planícies do Paquistão fazem parte da linhagem materna basal paleártica. Usando 32 fezes, descobrimos que a dieta da raposa-vermelha compreende 80% de espécies de presas de origem animal (selvagens e domésticas) e 19% de matéria vegetal. As espécies de presas de animais selvagens incluíram a lebre-do-cabo (Lepus capensis) e o esquilo-voador (Pteromyini sp.), que constituíram 17% e 15% da dieta, respectivamente. As raposas-vermelhas consumiam raramente ratos domésticos (Mus musculus), algas do Himalaia (Paguma larvata) e ovelhas (Ovis aries), cada um compreendendo cerca de 6% a 9% da dieta da raposa-vermelha. A espécie de raposa também se alimentava de burros domésticos de forma oportunista. Com base em nossa amostragem, nosso estudo sugere que a raposa-vermelha (V.v. griffithii) que ocorre no Parque Nacional de Ayubia e nas cordilheiras menores do Himalaia pertence à linhagem materna holártica. O estudo também destaca o consumo de sementes de plantas por raposas-vermelhas, indicando que pode desempenhar um papel ecológico importante na dispersão de sementes no Parque Nacional de Ayubia.
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Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la incidencia del espectro del acretismo placentario en pacientes ingresadas a la unidad de cuidados intensivos obstétricos del Hospital de la Mujer, Culiacán, Sinaloa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo fundamentado en el análisis de la base de datos del Hospital de la Mujer de pacientes internadas entre los años 2017 a 2020 con diagnóstico de espectro de placenta acreta, referidas o diagnosticadas en la institución e intervenidas para histerectomía por la complicación estudiada. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de acretismo placentario que dieron una incidencia de 0.09%; de éstas, a 1 se le indicó cesárea; 19 de las 22 pacientes tenían antecedente de cicatriz uterina previa, todas con placenta previa. El promedio de edad fue de 30.86 ± 4 años. La cesárea se practicó, en promedio, a las 34 semanas de embarazo con dos técnicas quirúrgicas. El sangrado promedio estimado fue de 1.947 mL. Las complicaciones transoperatorias fueron las lesiones: ureteral (n = 2) y vesical (n = 1). La principal complicación posoperatoria fue la fístula vesicouterina (n = 1). El promedio de estancia fue de 2 días en 16 de las 22 pacientes y de 7 días en las 6 restantes. CONCLUSIONES: Lo importante del acretismo placentario es el diagnóstico oportuno que permita derivar a las pacientes a centros hospitalarios que cuenten con especialistas experimentados en la atención de estos casos.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of placental accretism spectrum in pregnant women admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit of the Hospital de la Mujer, Culiacán, Sinaloa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study based on the analysis of the database of the Hospital de la Mujer of patients admitted between 2017 and 2020 with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum, referred or diagnosed at the institution and underwent hysterectomy for the complication studied. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of placenta accreta were analysed, giving a prevalence of 0.09%; of these, caesarean section was indicated in 0.2%. 19 of the 22 patients had a history of previous uterine scarring, all with placenta praevia. Mean age was 30.86 ± 4 years. Caesarean section was performed at a mean gestational age of 34 weeks using two surgical techniques. The mean estimated blood loss was 1,947 mL. The most common operative complications were ureteral (n = 2) and bladder (n = 1) injuries. The most common postoperative complication was vesico-uterine fistula (n = 1). The mean length of stay was 2 days in 16 of the 22 patients and 7 days in the remaining 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The most important aspect of placenta accreta is early diagnosis, which allows referral to hospital centres with specialists experienced in the management of these cases.
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Abstract Introduction and Objective In most cases, due to the failure of nonsurgical methods in the treatment of diseases related to the colon, it is necessary to perform colostomy as the main treatment method. However, this surgery can cause a wide range of physical, social, and psychological problems in patients. Therefore, in order to prevent and treat the complications of colostomy, it is necessary to adopt measures in the field of self-care and continuous education for patients to control the complications of the disease, seek treatment, and experience improvements in their quality of life. Additionally, considering the role of mobile health (mHealth) applications in facilitating continuous and effective training, and improving self-care for these patients, the aim of the present study was to design and evaluate an mHealth application for self-care of colostomy patients. Materials and Methods In the present applied research, first the functional requirements of the software were determined considering the self-care requirements of colostomy patients. Then, the software was designed based on object-oriented analysis, and according to it, the application was coded in Java and developed in the Android Studio environment. Finally, to evaluate the software, the opinions and comments of 5 gastroenterologists and 10 adult colostomy patients in the age range between 27 and 64 years who had at least a high school diploma were used as the basis of judgment at this stage. The instruments used in the evaluation included a checklist, derived from three standard questionnaires (the System Usability Scale [SUS], the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire [MAUQ], and the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale [uMARS]) to measure the user-friendliness indicator, and a researcher-made checklist to measure the performance indicator of the various services provided. Results The services of the software developed include the provision of medical information and self-care instructions regarding colostomy surgery, as well as alerts for the user to schedule an appointment with a doctor and the time to take medications. Based on the results of the evaluation stage, the users were generally satisfied with the interface, services, and general features of the software. In general, the software was evaluated at the "acceptable" level, with a rate of 85%. Discussion and Conclusion Based on the findings of the current research, thesoftware developed can be significantly effective in facilitating the education of colostomy patients and improving their self-care. Proper and continuous self-care and education for colostomy patients is necessary to prevent and control complications resulting from surgery and to improve their quality of life. Therefore, in addition to patients, all health care staff, organizations, and associations which support colostomy patients can also use this software to educate patients and improve the care provided to them.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease and a growing global epidemic. In NAFLD, liver fat surpasses 5% of hepatocytes without the secondary causes of lipid accumulation or excessive alcohol consumption. Given the link between NAFLD and insulin resistance, the possible association between the rs2854744 (−202 G>T) promoter polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene and NAFLD was investigated in this study. Materials and methods: In this genetic case-control association study, the IGFBP3 rs2854744 genotypes of 315 unrelated individuals, including 156 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 159 controls, were determined using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Results: The "GT+TT" genotype of the IGFBP3 rs2854744 polymorphism, compared with the "GG" genotype, was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk of NAFLD after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR] = 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.18). Additionally, the IGFBP3 rs2854744 "T" allele, in comparison with the "G" allele, was significantly overrepresented in NAFLD patients than the controls (P = 0.008; OR = 1.85; 95%CI = 1.23-2.94). Conclusion: Our findings first indicated that the IGFBP3 rs2854744 "GT+TT" genotype is a marker of increased NAFLD susceptibility; however, it needs to be supported by further investigations in other populations.
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Abstract Background Osteonecrosis is a major cause of morbidity for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although core decompression is an approved and trusted technique to prevent further joint deterioration, this surgical method seems to be less beneficial for SLE patients. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of core decompression in SLE patients with primary stages of femoral head osteonecrosis. Methods In this study, 23 patients (39 affected hip joints) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with stage II of the disease, based on the Ficat-Arlet classification system, underwent core decompression. Also, patients demographic characteristics, clinical data, medication history, comorbidities, immunological findings, hip plain radiographs, history of total hip arthroplasty after core decompression, and patients satisfaction with joint function according to the Oxford hip score questionnaire were obtained. Results In the study, 53.8% of affected joints showed signs of radiographic deterioration in follow-up imaging. Sixty-one and a half percent (61.5%) of patients had unsatisfactory joint performance. A third (33.3%) of affected hip joints underwent total hip arthroplasty up to 5 years from core decompression. SLE patients with a history of receiving bisphosphonate were 83.2% less dissatisfied with their joint function than patients without a history of bisphospho-nate use (P < 0.02). Of the 23 studied cases, the mean cumulative dose of prednisolone before and after core decompression surgery was 46.41 mg and 14.74 mg respectively. Besides, one case (2.6%) that had a high anti-phospholipid antibodies level during follow-up did not have any radiographic deterioration, and 9 cases (23.1%) had some degrees of radiographic deterioration. Conclusions The patients group that used bis-phosphonate, had a higher level of satisfaction with joint function after core decompression. Patients with high-level anti-phospholipid antibodies are related to a poor prognosis after core decompression.
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Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS_COV2. The symptoms of covid-19 include: fever, dyspnea, fatigue, a recent loss of smell and taste, sore throat, cough, and cutaneous lesions. In addition, some skin manifestations were reported to be associated with COVID-19. Methods: The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice about skin manifestations of COVID-19 among doctors working at Khartoum dermatology and venereology teaching hospital. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection after an informed consent was taken. Results: Among 140 doctors working in the dermatology and venereology teaching hospital, 75.7% of the doctors had knowledge that COVID-19 can present with skin manifestations. The study results showed that about half of the participants have poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations while 25% have no knowledge, and that 35 (25%) doctors have good knowledge. From a total of 140 doctors; 46.4% reported that when patients present with COVID-19 skin lesions, they will isolate them in separate rooms and call the epidemiology center, whereas, 61 doctors (43.6%) did not know if they have a protocol for COVID-19 suspected cases. This study reported a significant association between job category and level of knowledge toward COVID-19 skin manifestations measured by Chi-square test, the P-value was 0.003 (significant at 0.05), and the same significant association was found between the year of rotation and knowledge. Conclusion: Half of the doctors covered by this study had poor knowledge about COVID-19 skin manifestations, and therefore, educating doctors in dermatology hospitals about skin manifestations of COVID-19 is recommended, besides clear and precise guidelines and protocols for diagnosis and management.
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Signes et symptômes , Manifestations cutanées , Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé , Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère , COVID-19Résumé
@#Introduction: Food security and dietary diversity are critical in ensuring the nutritional and dietary adequacy of mothers. However, since the COVID-19 outbreak, it has become more challenging for mothers to maintain a healthy and varied diet, as more households are reported to be food insecure. Thus, this study aimed to assess food insecurity and its determinants, as well as to determine how it relates to dietary diversity. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 200 of B40 mothers with children under the age of two who resided in metropolitan regions of Selangor was conducted. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDDW) questionnaires were used to measure food insecurity and dietary diversity, respectively. Results: About 67% of mothers experienced food insecurity and 29.5% experienced dietary monotony. Less than 12 years of education (AOR=4.89, 95% CI=1.87-12.83) and living in a family with six or more people (AOR=3.48, 95% CI=1.20-11.20) were significantly associated with food insecurity. Besides, mothers with a monotonous diet were eight times more likely to be food insecure (AOR=8.03, 95% CI=2.67-24.05). Higher odds of dietary monotony were associated with less than 12 years of education (AOR=2.46, 95% CI=1.13-5.35) and household income contributor of not more than one person (AOR=3.78, 95% CI=1.66-8.60). Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with an increased chance of dietary monotony among low-socioeconomic women residing in urban community. Therefore, identifying and addressing issues related to poor dietary diversity may allow for preventive and proactive measures to improve their nutritional status and well-being.
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Background: Eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that can lead to seizures and potentially fatal outcomes for both mother and baby. It is most common in developing countries but improved antenatal care and early intervention have significantly decreased its incidence in developed countries. Risk factors for eclampsia include pre-eclampsia, hypertension, obesity, and renal disease, and early detection and management are crucial for preventing adverse outcomes. Magnesium sulfate is the preferred treatment for seizures, and delivery timing depends on disease severity, gestational age, and fetal well-being. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates vary by country, highlighting the need for continued efforts to improve outcomes for those affected by eclampsia. The study aimed to observe the maternal and perinatal complications in eclampsia patients. Material & Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology, Gonoshasthaya Nagar Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2020 to June 2020. We included a total of 270 patients with eclampsia who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital. A Purposive consecutive sampling method was followed for the selection of the participants. Results: This study analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics, maternal and perinatal complications, and risk factors of 270 patients with eclampsia. The majority of patients were aged between 20-34 years (77.8%), and 61.1% were multiparous. Over half of the cases (55.6%) presented with eclampsia between 28-36 weeks of gestation, and 38.9% had a history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy. The most common symptoms reported were headaches (88.9%). All cases involved hypertensive disorders, and maternal death was reported in 1.9% of cases. Perinatal complications included low birth weight (44.4%), preterm delivery (36.3%), NICU admission (34.8%), stillbirth (4.4%), and early neonatal death (3.0%). Maternal mortality rates were highest among women aged 20-34 years (56.5%), while perinatal mortality rates were highest among women aged under 20 years (20.0%). The highest maternal mortality rate was observed among women with severe eclampsia (91.4%), and time to treatment was a crucial factor in maternal mortality rates. These findings underscore the need for timely and appropriate care to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations. Conclusion: Eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy that can result in significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection, prompt management, and close monitoring of high-risk pregnancies are crucial in preventing adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions for preventing and managing eclampsia.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a diagnostic term used to describe a group of motor syndromes resulting from disorders of early brain development. CP remains unexplained in most cases and is typically diagnosed outside the neonatal period. Visual impairment decreases the quality of life and hearing impairment hampers linguistic development. This study aimed to observe the visual and hearing impairment of children with cerebral palsy associated with developmental disabilities. Material & Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational descriptive study carried out in the department of Paediatric Neurology CMH Dhaka from March 2018 to February 2022. The participants (N=120) were from birth to 12 years of age. Detailed information was obtained in each case according to protocol. The pediatric neurologist based on the study definition crosschecked the diagnosis. The hearing assessment was done with the help of an Otolaryngologist in the department of Otolaryngology and the ophthalmological evaluation was done with the help of an ophthalmologist of the department of ophthalmology of CMH Dhaka. Hearing impairment, Ophthalmological motor disturbance, and developmental disabilities were correlated. A convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Relevant data were collected from hospital records. All the information was recorded in the fixed protocol. Collected data were classified, edited, coded, and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS 2021. Results: In this study, among the 120 children with CP, the mean age of the study was 5.57(SD±3.89) age range of 2-12 years Males were 82(68%) and females were 38(32%), male-female ratio (sex M: F 2.15: 1). Spastic quadriplegia constitutes the predominant group 59(49%), followed by Spastic diplegia 21(18%), Spastic hemiplegia 20(17.5%), dyskinetic CP 09(8%), 7(6%) were mixed CP and 4(3%) were hypotonic CP. Hearing impairment was found in 87 (72%) cases and visual impairment was detected in 92(76%). Among them, the child with Spastic Quadriplegic (83%) and diplegic CP (62%) children had a hearing impairment. Regarding vision, no fix and follow were observed in 69(57%) cases. Among the studied CP child (n=120) 16 children (13.33%) had normal eye finding and 104 (86%) had abnormal eye findings. Refractive error (32.5%) and Squint (19%) were the most common ocular defect among studied patients. Other ocular defect were nystagmus(10%), optic atrophy(12.5%), microphthalmia(10%), corneal opacity(3%), optic hypoplasia(4.1%), cataract(2.5%), pigmentary retinopathy(5%), retro-lental fibroplasias(3.3%) and ptosis(2.5%). In children with hypotonic (athetoid) and mixed CP, almost all (11 of 11) children had visual impairment. Spastic quadriplegic CP children (80%) and Spastic diplegic CP children (90%) had one or more domains of visual impairment. Conclusion: Cerebral Palsy is a non-progressive various form of neurological disorder in children. Early visual screening and hearing assessment can help CP children to minimize mental retardation, learning difficulties, and speech delay.
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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence, and is associated with a high mortality rate. OSCC occurs due to many etiological factors, but smoking and alcohol remain the most common risk factors. The histological grading of tumors has been used to predict the clinical behaviour of OSCC. Broder’s initiated quantitative grading in cancer. Anneroth’s and Hansen developed another grading system for grading of OSCC’s. With this background, a study was undertaken to compare between Anneroth’s & Broder’s grading systems in oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to histopathological prognostic factors. Material & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 50 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the confirmed cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the archives of department of oral pathology, Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar. The cases were evaluated on the basis of Broder’s & Anneroth’s grading systems for OSCC & the comparison of the systems was made pertaining to histopathological prognostic parameters. Results: In our study according to Anneroth’s system maximum cases comes under grade III while in Broder’s system maximum cases are in grade I & II. Conclusion: Anneroth’s classification provides us a detailed analysis of grading the cases according to scoring of each parameter. Thus, it is more informative than Broder’s grading system.
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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, representing up to 80–90% of all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. The increasing cases of oral cancer are the most important concern for community health. Defects of mitosis result in various nuclear abnormalities namely micronuclei, binucleation, broken egg appearance, pyknotic nuclei, and increased numbers of mitotic figures. The rationale for mitotic counting is that it is frequently used for classification and grading of tumors, prediction of prognosis of tumors and even advocated as a decision point for treatment. Reproducibility of the mitotic counting is paramount for the assessment of malignancy on a histologic scale. Considering this, we decided to assess the inter-observer variability in mitotic figure counting in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 48 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the confirmed cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the archives of department of oral pathology, Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar. Mitotic figure counting was done by two independent, mutually blind observers. The data was assessed for inter-observer variability in counting of figures. Results: Least difference was seen in cases of WDSCC up to the maximum difference of 3 mitoses. MDSCC showed modest differences in observations, with a maximum difference of 4 mitoses. PDSCC cases had the highest inter-observer variability, with a maximum difference of 5 mitoses. Conclusion: Mitosis counting has been shown most convincingly to provide independent prognostic value and is the most well established component of the histological grading systems of OSCC. Reproducibility of the mitotic counting is paramount for the assessment of malignancy on a histologic scale.
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India is a heliophobic country; despite ample sunshine, almost 490 million people are vitamin D deficient in the country. Additionally, the Indian diet has not been successful in providing the daily need for vitamin D, leading to a vitamin D deficiency. The need to fortifying food with vitamin D has been raised several times. Besides, there have been discussions about whether vitamin D is a hormone or a vitamin? In this review, the authors have reviewed vitamin D deficiency and its status in India, assessment and screening, the role of vitamin D in various disease conditions, dosage recommendation and regimen.
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Objective: This study aimed to find the common inborn errors of metabolism in Iranian patients with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, 105 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder from six centers in different cities of Iran were enrolled between August, 2019 and October, 2020. Metabolic screening, including measuring plasma levels of amino acids, acylcarnitines, creatine, and guanidinoacetate, and urinary levels of organic acids, purines, and pyrimidines was performed. Other data, including age, parental consanguinity, history of seizure, developmental mile-stones, and physical examination, were also recorded. Results: An inborn error of metabolism was found in 13 (12.4%) patients. Five patients (4.8%) had cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome, 4 (3.8%) had arginine succinate aciduria, 2- methylbutyryl glycinuria, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and combined methylmalonic aciduria/malonic aciduria. There was a strong association between positive metabolic evaluation and parental consanguinity, history of seizures, microcephaly, and delayed development. Conclusions: Our results suggest that metabolic screening should be performed in the cases of autism associated with parental consanguinity, developmental delay, and a history of seizures. The assays to be considered as a screening panel include plasma or blood amino acids, acylcarnitines, creatine and guanidinoacetate, and urinary levels of organic acids.
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India is a heliophobic country; despite ample sunshine, almost 490 million people are vitamin D deficient in the country. Additionally, the Indian diet has not been successful in providing the daily need for vitamin D, leading to a vitamin D deficiency. The need to fortifying food with vitamin D has been raised several times. Besides, there have been discussions about whether vitamin D is a hormone or a vitamin? In this review, the authors have reviewed vitamin D deficiency and its status in India, assessment and screening, the role of vitamin D in various disease conditions, dosage recommendation and regimen.
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Mitochondrial dynamics are a contraversal issue in hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study tries to illustrate the role of mitochondrial dynamics proteins (mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and YME1L) in hepatocarcinogenesis. Five groups were used: the control group and three HCC groups (after 8, 16, and 24 weeks from DENA induction). The last group was treated with Sorafenib (SP) (10 mg/kg), via oral gavage for 4 weeks after cancer induction. This study revealed that Mfn-2 was downregulated and YME1l was overexpressed in different HCC groups. This dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins was associated with high hepatic levels of cyclin D1, MMP-9, and MDA and overexpression of ki67 as well as decreasing the hepatic expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Timp-3) and Bax. To confirm the possible role of Mfn2 and YME1L in HCC, we assessed the effect of sorafenib on these parameters and its related HCC characteristics. Sorafenib corrected the level of Mfn2 and YME1L and decreased tumor cell proliferation as well. We also elucidated that mitochondrial dynamics proteins (Mfn2 and YME1L) could be a good therapeutic target for HCC.
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Resumen ANTECEDENTE: El síndrome de Karsch-Neugebauer o ectrodactilia del pie o pie hendido, es una enfermedad congénita sumamente rara, caracterizada por aplasia-hipoplasia de las falanges y metatarsianos del pie. Cuando aparece de forma aislada se debe a una forma autosómica dominante de expresión variable, aunque también puede ser de carácter autosómico recesivo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 31 años, sin antecedentes heredofamiliares de importancia, con IMC de 25.95 kg/m2, signos vitales en parámetros normales. Con dos embarazos, cesárea previa sin complicaciones. El ultrasonido estructural 20 a 23.6 semanas del embarazo actual reportó un feto vivo, de sexo femenino y 22.2 semanas de gestación, con múltiples alteraciones anatómicas: arteria umbilical única, hueso nasal hipoplásico, micrognatia en ángulo facial y miembros inferiores con ectrodactilia bilateral. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudios ultrasonográficos, en especial el de las semanas 20 a 23.6 de gestación son decisivos para la detección de malformaciones congénitas. Sin embargo, a partir de las 11 a 13.6 semanas es posible establecer diagnósticos estructurales de manera temprana. Muchas alteraciones y síndromes, como el de Karsch-Neugebauer, suelen ser incapacitantes y al combinarse con otras anomalías pueden llegar a ser incompatibles con la vida. Se requieren diagnósticos tempranos para la toma de decisiones de manera consensuada con la familia y el equipo multidisciplinario.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Karsch-Neugebauer syndrome, or ectrodactyly of the foot or cleft foot, is an extremely rare congenital disorder characterized by aplasia-hypoplasia of the phalanges and metatarsals of the foot. When it occurs in isolation, it is due to an autosomal dominant form of variable expression, although it can also be autosomal recessive. CLINICAL CASE: 31-year-old female patient with no significant hereditary family history, BMI of 25.95 kg/m2, vital signs within normal parameters. With two pregnancies, previous caesarean section without complications. Structural ultrasound 20 to 23.6 weeks of the current pregnancy showed a live fetus, female sex and 22.2 weeks gestation, with multiple anatomical anomalies: single umbilical artery, hypoplastic nasal bone, micrognathia in the facial angle and lower limbs with bilateral ectrodactyly. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound examinations, especially at 20 to 23.6 weeks of gestation, are crucial for the detection of congenital malformations. However, from 11 to 13.6 weeks it is possible to make early structural diagnoses. Many disorders and syndromes, such as Karsch-Neugebauer syndrome, are often disabling and, in combination with other anomalies, can become incompatible with life. Early diagnosis is necessary to make informed decisions with the family and the multidisciplinary team.
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Cell cycle is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression. Almost all of the active molecular pathways in tumor cells directly or indirectly target the cell cycle progression. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation in tumor cells. Since, early diagnosis has pivotal role in better cancer management and treatment, it is required to introduce the non-invasive diagnostic markers. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have higher stability in body fluids in comparison with mRNAs. Therefore, they can be used as efficient non-invasive markers for the early detection of breast cancer (BCa). In the present review we have summarized all of the reported lncRNAs involved in cell cycle regulation in BCa. It has been reported that lncRNAs mainly affect the cell cycle in G1/S transition through the CCND1/CDK4-6 complex. Present review paves the way of introducing the cell cycle related lncRNAs as efficient markers for the early detection of BCa.
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Humains , Femelle , Tumeurs du sein/diagnostic , Tumeurs du sein/génétique , Tumeurs du sein/anatomopathologie , ARN long non codant/génétique , ARN long non codant/métabolisme , Cycle cellulaire/génétique , Division cellulaire , Points de contrôle du cycle cellulaireRésumé
@#Introduction: Football is the most popular sport and is widely played around the globe, with approximately 400 million players in 208 countries. Lower extremity injuries showed the highest incidence, with ankle injuries being the most prevalent after hip and knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the players who reported previous ankle injuries during pre-competition medical assessment (PCMA) during the 2022 seasons of the Malaysian professional club. In addition, the study also investigated the effect of previous injuries on current ankle function. Materials and methodsː This was a retrospective crosssectional study using secondary data from the preseason PCMA data from a professional club that competed in Malaysia. The ankle range of motion, anterior drawer test, and functional ankle assessments including the Biodex athlete single leg stability test and ankle joint muscle strength were performed during the PCMA. Results: A total of 45 footballers reported previous history of ankle injuries to the left (n=9), right (n=20), or both ankles (n=16). Footballers with prior ankle injuries exhibited significantly less ankle inversion (p = 0.008) and a larger proportion of positive ADT tests in the injured ankle (x² (1, N=90) =7.76, p=0.005) compared to the non-injured side. there was no significant difference in other ankle range of motion, ankle stability index, or ankle muscular strength between previously injured and uninjured ankles. Conclusionsː During preseason screening, half of the footballers in this study reported previous history of ankle injury, putting them at risk of having future ankle injuries. Aside from inversion and the anterior drawer test, no significant differences in range of motion, stability index, or muscle strength were discovered. However, as injury causation is multifactorial, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of injury.
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@#Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Malay Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) in Malay speakers suffering from shoulder pain. Materials and methods: The M-SPADI, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and measurements of shoulder active range of motion (AROM) were completed by 140 patients with shoulder pain (68 with rotator cuff pathology and 72 with other shoulder pathology). Thirty-four patients were retested for test-retest reliability with M-SPADI after an average of 9.2 days. M-SPADI was performed on twenty-one individuals three months after completing treatment for rotator cuff disorders to assess response. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a bidimensional structure for M-SPADI. M-SPADI disability score was significantly greater in patients with rotator cuff pathologies (median = 31.87, IQR 82.50) than in patients with other shoulder pathologies (median = 20.00, IQR 23.84). In multi-group factor analysis, measurement invariance revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between M-SPADI and NRS (Pain = 0.86, Disability = 0.75, Total = 0.82, p=0.005), and a significant negative correlation between M-SPADI and shoulder AROM (Pain = -0.34 to -0.67, Disability =-0.44 to -0.73, Total =- 0.43 to -0.72, p=0.005). M-SPADI had a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's 0.92 for pain and 0.95 for disability). Test-retest reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC Pain = 0.84, ICC Disability = 0.78, ICC Total = 0.81, p=0.001), and the smallest detectable change ranges (Pain = 8.74, Disability = 3.21, Total = 3.83) were less than the minimal detectable change ranges (Pain = 21.57, Disability = 6.82, Total = 8.79). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for M-SPADI was greater than 0.90 (Pain = 0.99, Disability = 0.94, Total = 0.96). Conclusion: The M-SPADI has established construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and responsiveness. The M-SPADI is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating shoulder pain among Malayspeaking individuals. In addition, the M-SPADI disability subscale may be useful for monitoring functional score changes in patients with rotator cuff pathology.