Résumé
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in a young, asymptomatic Kuwaiti population. A cross-sectional study of 484 Kuwaitis [females: 311, and males: 173, aged 17-24 years], students at a public college for basic education, was conducted. Each participant underwent a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical testing for hemoglobin A[1c] [HbA[1c]], total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Physical examinations were performed to measure body mass index [BMI], waist circumference and blood pressure. The prevalence of impaired glucose regulation [impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated HbA[1c] levels] was 32%, including 4% with newly diagnosed diabetes. Of the 484 participants, 47 [10%] of the population had hypertension and 52 [11%] had dyslipidemia. A total of 244 [50%] were classified as overweight/obese [BMI>25 kg/m[2]] and 201 [42%] had an elevated waist circumference [>/=88 cm in females;>/=102 cm in males]. Impaired glucose regulation was significantly related to increased waist circumference [p=0.021] but not to increased BMI [p=0.181]. Those with impaired glucose regulation also had a higher prevalence of hypertension [p=0.05], particularly systolic hypertension [p=0.023]. Kuwaiti youth have a high prevalence of impaired glucose regulation and overweight/obesity. Waist circumference, rather than BMI, may be a more
Résumé
To evaluate the spontaneous abortion incidence in pregnant women with subtypes of diabetes in Kuwait and to evaluate their associations with suspected risk factors. Data of 356 pregnant women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus was recorded from the Al Sabah Maternity Hospital in Kuwait in the period from 2002-2005. Maternal, past obstetrical and diabetic information was recorded. There were 356 pregnancies, 104 [28.4%] occurred in type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1 DM], 170 [47.8%] in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2 DM] and 85 [23.9%] in gestational diabetes mellitus, [0DM]. The age, body mass index [BMI], nationality, number of previous abortions, number of previous pregnancies, duration and family history of diabetes, and details of anti diabetic treatments, especially of the aborted group were analyzed. We observed 15 abortions [15%], 67[64%] and 22[21%] in type 1, T2 and GDM respectively. Pregnant women with T1 DM were younger, leaner, more often primigravida, and has less abortion rates than T2 DM women or 0DM. Overall, the majority of pregnancies were multipara [p=0.015]. Glycated hemoglobin [HbAlc] levels were significantly higher in the aborted women with T2 DM; 76% spontaneous abortion occurred with HbAlc levels<7.61% with levels from 7-8, and 61% with levels from 8-10 [p=0.020]. Of the 104 aborted women, half of the T2 DM [51%] and nearly one third of the, GDM [28%] were insulin treated during their pregnancy. Our preliminary study indicates a significant and consistent relationship between spontaneous abortion and women with subtypes of diabetes in Kuwait. It suggested that this is due to many different risk factors but mainly to the level of glycated hemoglobin in the first trimester of pregnancies with T1, T2 and GDM. These observations are very important since maternal diabetic control can be improved before and during pregnancy and to reduced the incidence of abortion in diabetic women in Kuwait