Pharmacological intervention to reduce intra-operative hypothermia in geriatric patients during ophthalmic surgery

To reduce the effect of hypothermia during general anaesthesia using either midazolam or nitroglycerin premedication. Hypothermia has many disadvantages during general anaesthesia e.g decrease in oxygen consumption, decreased drug metabolism, arrhythmia, post-operative shivering or even cardiac arrest. So, we used midazolam and nitroglycerin in a trial to reduce likehood of occurance of intraoperative hypothermia. 60 geriatric patients were scheduled for intraocular surgery were randomly assigned into three groups. Each group has 20 patients n=20; midazolam group received 0.04mg-kg - midazolam i.m. 30 minutes before induction; nitroglycerin group received 10 mg nitroglycerin patch one hour before induction. Control group had no premedication. Results showed that midazolam and nitroglycerin have a beneficial effect to reduce intraoperative hypothermia. Nitroglycerin increased fingertip blood flow more than midazolam. Midazolam had a satisfactory role in body heat redistribution more than nitroglycerin. Midazolam is a suitable drug for premedication to reduce intra-operative. Hypothermia through its effect on heat redistribution. It is superior to nitroglycerin

Endomentrial changed in tamoxfen treated brest cancer patients

To assess the effects of tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients on the endometrium. Study was conducted on 30 tamoxiten treated and 10 non-treated breast cancer patients who already were surgically treated. Cases and controls were matching regarding age, parity and time since menopause. Thorough clinical and Laboratory assessment was done. Cases and controls were subjected to transvaginal sonography [TVS] and diagnostic curettage. In tamoxiten group: there was significant increase in uterine volume and endometrial thickness. Significant increase in the incidence of endometrial changes was found: 46.7% atrophic endometrium, 13.3% proliferative endometrium, 13.3% simple hyperplasia, 13.3% cystic hyperplasia, 3.3% adenomatous hyperplasia and 10% endometrial polypi. No single case of atypical hyperplasia nor endometrial carcinoma was found. Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients have increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and polypi. Hyperplasia being the forerunner of endometrial cancer, such patients should be allotted to the high risk groups for endometrial cancer