Serrated lesions of colon and their malignant potential / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the serrated lesions of colon and to compare the malignant potential between traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) and conventional adenomas (CAD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5347 cases of colorectal polyps encountered in five regional hospitals during a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The serrated lesions were classified on the basis of histologic examination. One hundred and eighty-seven cases of CAD (including 160 cases of tubular adenoma and 27 cases of villous adenoma) and 36 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma were randomly selected as the controls. The degree of dysplasia and expressions of Ki-67, p53 and beta-catenin in TSA and CAD were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amongst the 5347 colorectal polyps studied, 258 cases (4.8%) of serrated lesions were found, which included 112 cases (43.4%, 112/258) of hyperplastic polyp, 78 cases (30.2%, 78/258) of TSA and 26 cases (10.1%, 26/258) of sessile serrated adenoma. Sixty-two cases of TSA were identified from 3 hospitals, in which moderate dysplasia was found in 13 cases. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and ICA were found in 6 cases (9.6%). Compared with the 187 cases of CAD, moderate dysplasia were found in 27 cases and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma were found in 25 cases (13.3%, χ(2) = 19.373, P = 0.000). There was statistically significant difference between TSA and CAD in the degree of dysphasia. The expression of Ki-67, p53 and beta-catenin in TSA and CAD showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of serrated lesions is lower in northern Chinese population than that in Caucasians. TSA has obvious malignant potential; but the rate associated with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma is lower than that in CAD.</p>

PAR-1 regulation of intracellular Ca²(+) mobilization in pulmonary giant cell carcinoma cell line PLA801D/PLA801C / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate molecular mechanisms of PAR-1 regulation on intracellular Ca²(+) mobilization in lung giant cell carcinoma cells in vitro and its involvement in tumor metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Free intracellular Ca²(+) ([Ca²(+)]i) was measured in lung giant cell carcinoma PLA801C and PLA801D cells by confocal microscopy. Sense and anti-sense PAR-1 expression vectors were transfected into PLA801C (C+)and PLA801D(D-) cells, respectively. The effects of PAR-1 expression were investigated by thrombin and TRAP-induced mobilization of [Ca²(+)]i in the C+ and D-cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences of the mean values of [Ca²(+)]i between PLA801D (59.55) and PLA801C cells (35.46, P < 0.01). The mean [Ca²(+)]i of C+ cells (45.77) was significantly higher than that of its control CV cells (35.46, P < 0.05), and the mean [Ca²(+)]i of D-cells (48.42) was significantly lower than that of its control DV cells (59.55, P < 0.05). The peaks of [Ca²(+)]i of C+ and CV cells were 48.19 ± 9.84 and 45.64 ± 9.87 (P < 0.05) respectively at 80 s and 100 s after thrombin treatment, but were 111.31 ± 25.00 and 52.93 ± 11.21 (P < 0.05) respectively at 60 s after TRAP treatment. The peaks of [Ca²(+)]i of D- and DV cells were 40.71 ± 5.89 and 61.07 ± 21.36 (P < 0.05) respectively at 60 s after thrombin treatment, but were 84.98 ± 11.23 and 102.58 ± 21.48 (P < 0.05) respectively at 40 s after TRAP treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The high metastatic potential of PLA801D and PLA801C may be related to [Ca²(+)]i of the tumor cells. PAR-1 may play an important role in the metastasis of lung giant cell carcinoma cells by up-regulating the intracellular Ca²(+).</p>

Functional aspects of protease-activated receptor 1 in promoting metastasis of lung cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the functional aspects of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) gene involved in tumor metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two human lung giant cell carcinoma cell lines PLA801C (low metastasis potential) and PLA801D (high metastasis potential) were chosen as in-vitro human cancer model systems. Sense and anti-sense expression constructs of PAR-1 gene (pC/PAR1s and pC/PAR1as) were transfected into PLA-801C and PLA-801D cells by lipofection. PAR-1 expression was determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. MTT growth, flow cytometry analysis, fibronectin adhesion, and matrigel invasion assays were used to study the effect of PAR-1 expression on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of the transfected cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Appropriate up-regulation or down-regulation of protein expression of PAR-1 was observed in both transfected cell lines (PLA801C and PLA801D) to express PAR-1s or PAR-1as, respectively. Expression of the sense PAR-1 markedly increased cellular proliferation, adhesion and invasion of PLA-801C cells. In contrast, anti-sense PAR-1 significantly inhibited cell growth, adhesion and invasion capabilities, along with cell arrest at G0/G1 phase of the PLA-801D cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Successful up- and down- regulation of expression of PAR-1 can be achieved by in-vitro transfection of sense and antisense PAR-1 constructs. PAR-1 may enhance metastasis of lung cancer through its regulation of cellular proliferation, adhesion and invasion. Down-regulation of expression of PAR-1 may provide a new therapeutic strategy against lung carcinoma.</p>

Expression of PAR-1 in human lung carcinoma and its relationship with tumor metastatic potential / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between expression of PAR-1 and metastasis of human lung carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression levels of PAR-1 were examined in surgically resected lung carcinoma specimens and corresponding lymph nodes by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, combined with morphometric methodology and clinicopathologic profiles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Strong PAR-1 staining was detected in the periphery of carcinoma nests, adenocarcinomatous emboli, foci of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia adjacent to the adenocarcinoma and atypical proliferation of duct epithelium of bronchial mucous glands. The expression rates of PAR-1 were 73.8% (59/80) and 63.9% (23/36) by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. The percentage of PAR-1 protein expression cells was significantly higher in tumors with metastasis (85.7%, 48/56) than those without (45.8%, 11/24). Morphometric study demonstrated that there were significant differences of PAR-1 protein expression levels between tumors with metastatic and those without, primary and metastatic carcinomas, primary carcinomas and benign lung tissues adjacent to the carcinoma. No significant correlation was found between PAR-1 expression level and tumor size, histological types and tumor grades. The positive rate of PAR-1 mRNA expression in the metastatic group was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic group (78.3%, 18/23 v.s. 38.5%, 5/13).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAR-1 expression may play an important role in determining the malignant phenotypes of lung cancers and significantly contribute to their initiation, progression and metastasis.</p>

Expression of PH20 in primary and metastatic breast cancer and its pathological significance / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression pattern of PH20 in primary and metastatic breast cancer and its relationship to tumor metastatic potential.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anti-PH20 antibody was synthesized by injection of conjugated human PH20 peptides into rabbits. Immunohistochemical study was performed on 53 cases of human breast cancer. Western blot was used to detect PH20 expression in 5 cases of breast cancer with available fresh tissue. Two oligonucleotide probes were prepared for in-situ hybridization using breast tissue microarray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Normal breast tissue did not express PH20 (0/3), while 58.4% (31/53) of breast cancer cases did. The highest expression rate was found in metastatic foci in regional lymph nodes (83.3%), followed by primary breast cancer tissue in cases with lymph node secondaries (70.8%). The breast cancer cases with no any metastasis had an expression rate of 48.2%. The immunohistochemical staining results were further confirmed by Western blotting. In-situ hybridization showed PH20 RNA in 75% of the breast cancer tissue (21/28). Two of the 17 cases of normal breast tissue showed weak expression in some ductolobular units.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of PH20 has a positive correlation with metastatic potential in breast cancer. It is possible that PH20 may play an important role in the invasive growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, via mechanisms such as digestion of surrounding stromal tissue and release of FGF-2.</p>