Core Decompression for Post-Arthroscopic Osteonecrosis of the Lateral Tibial Plateau

Post-arthroscopic osteonecrosis is a rare complication that mostly occurs in the over 50s. It most commonly occurs in the medial femoral condyle, followed by the lateral femoral condyle then medial tibial plateau. We report the first case of lateral tibial plateau osteonecrosis in a young patient after arthroscopic lateral meniscectomy. This patient developed progressively deteriorating symptoms after uncomplicated arthroscopy; with a subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bone oedema and some overlying cartilage damage. Conservative measures were unsuccessful, so core decompression was undertaken. This has resulted in improved symptoms and subsequent follow-up MRI demonstrates resolution of oedema with no progressive cartilage change. This is a rare condition with a poor outcome, usually resulting in arthroplasty. This technique may work in the younger patient. However, since post-arthroscopic osteonecrosis is so rare in this age group, there is limited evidence for its success, and it should be evaluated with further study.

New record of two genera of trypanorhynch cestodes infecting red sea fishes in Egypt

Callitetrarhynchus and Floriceps [Lacistorhynchidae: Trypanorhyncha] belong to the less host specific genera with a wide host range. The present study reported plerocerci of Callitetrarhynchus speciosus Linton, 1897 from Conger cinereus, Longfine African Conger [Family: Congridae] and C. gracilis Pintner, 1931 [Family: Lacistorhynchidae] from five new teleost hosts of 2 different families: Lethrinus mehsena, Sky emperor and L. variegatus, Variegated Emperor [Lethrinidae]; Cephalopholis miniata, Coral grouper, Epinephe-us polyphekadion, Small toothed grouper or camouflage grouper and Epinephelus summana, Summana grouper [Serranidae]. C. gracilis is characterized by an elongated scolex, 2 bothria, lacking a pars post bulbosa, elongated bulbs, a poeciloacanthous atypical metabasal armature with 7 principal hooks, and a chainette. Tegumental surface is covered with polymorphic microtriches: palmate [tetra, penta, hexadigitate], tricuspidate, bifurcate and filiform. For the first time, tufts of filamentous microtriches surrounding a cilium are recorded from C. gracilis proximal bothrial surface obtained from L. variegatus. Seven new host are recorded for the related lacistorhynchid Floriceps minacanthus, Lethrinus nebulosus Spangled Emperor, Lutjanus bohar 2 red spots Snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma Dory snapper, Epinephelus polyphekadion Small toothed grouper, E. summana Summana grouper, Variola louti Lunartail grouper, and Spharaena qenie Blackfine Barracuda

COGNITIVE AND MOTOR OUTCOME AFTER LONG-TERM GLOBUS PALLIDUS EXTERNA DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION TO TRANSGENIC HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE RAT / 神经解剖学杂志

In this study, we treated transgenic Huntington's disease (tgHD) model rat with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and evaluated the cognitive and motor outcome. The results showed that the surgery of implanting electrode improved cognition, increased correct rate and decreased response bias in choice reaction time (CRT) task, with similar extent on various genotypes. After long-term DBS to globus pallidus externa( GPe), correct rate was enhanced. The enhancement was genotype related. Additionally, the motor time and reaction time in CRT task reflecting the movement initiation kept the same value, but the chorea-form movement of homozygous rats was rectified prominently after the treatment of DBS. The present results demonstrated that the operation of long-term DBS to globus pallidus externa can improve the cognition and motor outcome of tgHD rats, which implied DBS operation might shed light on HD patients in the future.

Trypanorhynch cestodes of commercial fishes from northeast Brazilian coastal waters

A large scale investigation on trypanorhynch cestode infestation of tropical marine fishes was carried out along the Northern Brazilian coast in the Summer of 1991 and 1993. A total of 798 fish specimens belonging to 57 species and 30 families were examined. Metacestodes of 11 diffenrent trypanorhynchs were found: Callitetrahynchus gracilis, Dasyrhynchus giganteus, Grillotia sp., Nybelinia edwinlintoni, N. indica, N. senegalensis, Nybelina c.f.lingualis, Otobothrium cysticum, Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum and Pterobothrium kingstoni. Scanning electron microscopy was used to clarify details of the tentacular armature of some species. Rose-thorn shaped hooklets, regularly arranged life microtriches, are described from the bothridical surface of N. edwinlintoni. Of the 57 fish species, 15 harboured trypanorhynch cestodes. Of these the mullid Pseudupeneus maculatus was the most heavily infested fish species, harbouring 5 different trypanorhynch species. P. noodti in P. maculatus had the highest prevalence (87 per cent) and intensity (maximum = 63) of infestation. C. gracilis was the parasite with the lowest host-specificity. It could be isolated from 10 fish species. The cestodes fauna of the Northeast Brazilian coast appears to be similar to that of the West African coast. Five of the trypanorhynch cestodes found during this study are common to both localities. The two single cases of intra musculature infestation in Citharichthys spilopterus and Haemulon aurolineatum by trypanorhynch cestodes indicate that marketability of the investigated commercially exploited fish species is inconsequential.

Diagnostico y tratamiento del SIDA en los Estados Unidos / AIDS update: Medical diagnostic and treatment in United States

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a serious public health problem in the United States of América, especially for intravenous drug abuser (IVDA). Within this group the largest concentration of cases of the disease and of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in New York, California, and New Jersey, but cases have been diagnosed and reported in all 50 of the states. HIV is readily spread from these users to their sexual companions and children in utero. It can be expected, at least over the next few years, that HIV seroprevalence rates and AIDS cases will continue to increase among IDVA. There is an increasingly urgent need to formulate, implement, and evaluate prevention strategies aimed at this group in particular. Extensive research is being devoted to the development of a safe and effective vaccine against HIV, as well as to the testing of possible antiviral agents. Unfortunately, those goals will no be attained in the immediate future; for the time being, the only means of controlling AIDS is to adopt the most effective possible measures in the áreas of education and prevention

Diverticulo de jejuno perfurado. Relato de um caso. / Perforated diverticulum of the jejunum. Report of a case

Os autores apresentam um caso de diverticulo de jejuno perfurado por espinha de peixe, nao constatando na literatura pertinente nenhum caso semelhante