effect of aerobic exercise in ambient particulate matter on lung tissue inflammation and lung cancer

Exposure to Air pollution PM10 results in lung inflammation increased risk of lung cancer. Regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. However, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the pulmonary response to PM10 have not been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory and risk of lung cancer of rat exposed to PM10 carbon black. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: A: control [without exposure PM10 and aerobic exercise; n = 6], B: aerobic exercise [five times per week for 4 weeks; n = 6], C: exposure to PM10 carbon black [5 mg/m3; per rat; n = 6], D: and aerobic exercise concomitantly with exposure to PM10 carbon black [n = 6]. The gene expression of TLR4, NF- kappa B and TNF-alpha were analyzed in lung tissue by Real time-PCR. In order to determine the significant differences between groups, one way ANOVA and LSD post hoc and Kruskal-Vallis test were used. Aerobic exercise inhibited the PM10 -induced increase in the gene expression of TLR4, NF- kappa B and TNF-alpha. But there was significant different only between B and C groups for TNF-alpha and NF- kappa B [P = 0.047, 0.014, respectively]. We conclude that four week aerobic exercise presents protective effects in a rat model of PM10 carbon black-induced lung inflammation and risk of lung cancer. Our results indicate a need for human studies that evaluate the lung Responses to aerobic exercise chronically performed in polluted areas

effects of aerobic exercise on NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha in lung tissue of male rat

Regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. However, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the lung response have not been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory. 12 adult male Wistar rats were divided to 2 groups: A: control [n=6], B: aerobic exercise [five times per week for 4 week; n=6]. The gene expression of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha were analyzed in lung tissue by Real time-PCR. In order to determine the significant differences between groups independent t-test were used. Aerobic exercise inhibited the gene expression of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha. But there was no significant difference between A and B groups for TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB. We conclude that four week aerobic exercise decrease inflammatory status in lung tissue. Our results indicate a need for human studies that evaluate the lung responses to aerobic exercise

Removal of styrene from air by natural and modified zeolite

Changing the surface characteristics of raw materials has created new prospects for catalysts and adsorption technology. Natural and modified zeolite with trimethylchlorosilane [TMSCI] has been used to adsorb styrene. Dynamic adsorption tests were performed with a number of standard characterization techniques and zeolite particles were examined in three sizes: less than 1 mm, 1-2 mm, and 2-4 mm. The gas concentration was 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm. Three flow rates were tested in this study: 0.5 l/min, 0.75 l/min, and 1 l/min. The sorption of Styrene depended on the particle diameter size, gas flow rate, and inlet gas concentration. The optimum size for adsorption was less than 1 mm, the optimum flow rate was 0.5 l/min, and the optimum gas concentration was 20 ppm. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing size, flow rate, and concentration of the pollutant. The adsorption by the surface-modified zeolite increased by as much as 100% compared with natural zeolite. Therefore, the surface-modified natural zeolite may be utilized for many adsorption applications. This study shows the importance of chemical surface modification and confirms similar findings of other studies

[ effect of hydrogen peroxide and solvent on photolysis of PCBs to reduce occupational exposure]

Polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] are toxic bio-accumulate components and may increase risk of adverse effects on human health and the environment. For different social, technical and economic reasons, significant quantities of PCBs contaminated transformer oil are still in use or storied. The study aimed to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide and solvent on photolysis of PCBs to reduce occupational exposure. The photochemical annular geometry [500 ml volume] reactor was designed with a cylindrical low-pressure mercury lamp [UV-C Cathodeon TUV 6WE] with emission at 254 nm. The radiant power emitted by the lamp was 6w. The whole lamp was immersed in a reactor thermostat controlling of temperature at 32 +/- 2 oC. The PCBs was determined using GC/ECD and data was analyzed by SPSS. Degradation of total PCBs in terms of%10 and%20 of volume of H2O2 were 41%, 75% and 94%, respectively. The degradation of total PCBs in terms of ratio to solvent with oil transformer in 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 was 61%, 75% and 94%, respectively. Our study show that UV-C photolysis of H2O2 leads to a degradation efficiency of PCBs only in the presence of isooctane, therefore indicating that the intermediates formation after ethanol oxidation are able to initiate PCBs degradation

[Determinants of natural zeolite clinoptilolite adsorption capacity for removing NO2]

NO2 is a poisonous gas that potential to cause major threat to human being health and the environment, as a result, removing this gas from environment seems to be essential. The study aimed to remove this gas from environment using Iranian natural zeolite, clinoptilolite. After crushing and preparing two sizes of 1 and 2 mm zeolite they were activated in 380 to 420 §C for 20 minutes. NO2 was produced by reaction of copper [Cu] and nitric acid [HNO3] and diluted with enough air to achieve desired concentration. A laboratory reactor set with different concentration of NO2 [20, 30, and, 45 ppm], flows through the zeolite absorbent bed was prepared. Different parameters affected No2 absorption, such as concentration, height, and diameter of zeolite bed, zeolite granulation, and activation temperature were examined. In different condition, the adsorption range of the zeolite for NO2 was varied from 0.35% W for 2mm granulation and the 20 ppm concentration to 1.5% W using 1mm granulation and 45 ppm concentration of NO2. Activation temperature of 420 §C for 20 min was the best condition removing NO2. Efficiency of 1mm granulation was higher than 2mm. Reducing parameters such as height and diameter of zeolite bed decreased but increasing concentration of gas flow increased adsorption capacity of zeolite. Using Iranian zeolite in gas masks still not recommended