Role of oxidative stress in opiate withdrawal and dependence: Exploring the potential use of honey.

Opiate dependence and withdrawal is a worldwide public health problem and give a significant burden to society. In exploring the problems of opiate dependence and withdrawal, oxidative stress in thought to be involved in the mechanism of the development of dependence and tolerance to morphine. Therefore, there is possibility that antioxidant has the role to reduce the oxidative stress leading to opiate dependence and withdrawal. In this mini review we describe the evidence of relationship between oxidative stress and opiate dependence. We also describe the evidence of honey which has been claimed to have high antioxidant properties and its promising potential to reduce oxidative stress in opiates dependence and tolerance individuals.

Analgesic effect of honey bioactive compounds and its role in reducing morphine tolerance.

Honey has been used as a supplement nutrient in human for centuries. It exerts antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory properties as well as analgesic activity. But not many studies have been done to analyze effect of honey on morphine tolerance. Hence, this review is targeting on analgesic effect of honey bioactive compounds and their potential in morphine tolerance study.