Transtheoretical Model Based Exercise Counseling Combined with Music Skipping Rope Exercise on Childhood Obesity

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of a transtheoretical model (TTM) based exercise counseling offered with music skipping rope exercise on components of the TTM (stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy), body mass index, glucose, and lipid profile of overweight/obese children in Korea. METHODS: This study used a nonequivalent pretest and posttest experimental study design. A total of 75 overweight/obese children participated in the study. Eight sessions of exercise counseling combined with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks were offered for children in the experimental group, while one session of exercise counseling with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks was offered for children in the control group. Outcomes were measured at baseline, and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, self-efficacy significantly improved among children in the experimental group (p = .049), while these children maintained their baseline BMI at 6-month follow-up (p > .05). Among children in the control group, BMI significantly increased (p < .05). Fasting blood sugar significantly increased for both groups after the intervention (p < .05). However, a greater increase was observed for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study partially supports the hypothesis that a TTM-based exercise intervention is effective in maintaining BMI and improving self-efficacy of overweight/obese children. The TTM-based counseling combined with exercise classes has potential to control weight among overweight/obese children, while involvement of parents and children in the development of the theory-based intervention may generate further benefits regarding health and well-being of overweight/obese children.

Effects of the C3G/D3G anthocyanins-rich black soybean testa extracts on improvement of lipid profiles in STZ-induced diabetic rats / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts on lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: One control group and four STZ-induced diabetic groups with different doses of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts treatment [0 mg/kg (diabetic control, EX), 250 mg/kg (EX-250), 500 mg/kg (EX-500), 1,000 mg/kg (EX-1000)] were orally administered for 4 weeks. RESULTS: All CJ-3 treatment groups had remarkably lower serum triglyceride (TG) levels than that of EX group (p < 0.05) whereas hepatic TG contents did not show any differences. Results from serum total cholesterol (TC) concentrations of EX-250 and EX-1000 groups were decreased compared to EX group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase from the liver decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were not observed in serum glucose and insulin, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) protein expression in skeletal muscle tissue. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that black soybean testa extracts could be useful for improvement of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesteremia in diabetes.

The Effect of canal obturation according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip in the Type IV canal / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the apical sealing according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip when root canal was filled with gutta-percha and sealer by Continuous Wave of Condensation technique in the Type IV canal. 50 simulated resin blocks with J-shaped curvature canals were instrumented by ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagiues, Switzerland) Ni-Ti files using the crown-down technique. Type IV canals were made using a broken ProTaper F3 Ni-Ti file for making a ledge at 3mm short from the working length. And ProTaper F1 Ni-Ti file was used for perforating resin block. The prepared Type IV canals were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each according to the depth of System B Plugger tip. All of experimental groups were obturated with Continuous Wave of Condensation technique. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in lingual of the Type IV canals was measured with a measuring digital calliper under magnifying glass (x 2.3). The results are as follows : 1. In control group, there was no gutta-percha and sealer in lingual canal. 2. 3 mm group showed relatively more gutta-percha than 5mm or 7 mm group (p<0.05). 3. 7 mm group did not showed gutta-percha and relatively more void were observed than 3mm or 5 mm group. (p<0.05) In conclusion, within the limits of the results of this experiment, the 3 mm depth of System B Plugger tip was acceptable for obturating the Type IV canal.

Needs for Nursing Information System according to the level of nursing informatization in general hospitals / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for the Nursing Information System(NIS) according to the level of nursing informatization in general hospitals and to provide effective NIS development strategies reflecting nurses' needs. METHODS: Informatics nurses or nurses in charge of Nursing Information Systems in 41 general hospitals in Seoul and Kyeonggi province were surveyed using a questionnaire developed by the researchers based on literature reviews and a pilot study conducted in four teaching hospitals. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Scheffe tests. RESULTS: It was found that the higher level of informatization, the higher user satisfaction level. There were significant differences in demands for vital sign records and the nursing manpower management programs according to nursing informatization level. The higher level of informatization is, the more needs for computerization are. There were significant differences in need for 'Support from director' for system development and need for 'Office Automation(OA) application' for education by nursing informatization level. The higher level of informatizaion is, the less needs for OA application education are. CONCLUSION: We found that the needs for the NIS were varied according to the level of nursing informatization. This study asserts that when developing nursing information system, differences in system demand by nurses according to the level of informatization should be taken into consideration.

Case report of pulmonary edema during two jaw surgery

Comparative study of stability and relapse according to fixation method after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies in mandibular prognathic patients

Rigid fixation and space maintenance by titanium mesh for reconstruction of the premaxilla

A Case of Joubert Syndrome / 대한소아신경학회지

Joubert syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, abnormal eye movements, and a respiratory pattern of alternating tachypnea and apnea. Brain MRI shows the molar tooth sign resulting from dysplasia of the isthmic segment of the brain stem, superior cerebellar peduncles, and vermis. We experienced a case of Joubert syndrome, who was a 18 month-old female with episodic hyperpnea, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. We present this case with a brief review of literature.

The histologic study of the grafted hBMP-I for immediate implant fixation

A low molecular weight component named bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) chemically isolated from the organic matrix of bone, induce postfetal connective tissue cells surrounding small blood vessels to differentiate into cartilage and bone. The end product of BMP is a spherical ossicle of lamella bone filled with red bone marrow for the functional loading. This is a important point that the graft material is embedded the defect site during the implant surgery. Because present knowledge of the relationship between BMP and bone regeneration arises mainly from studies of induced bone formation in heterotopic sites, it would be helpful to determine whether BMP plays any part in the process of bone healing. The BMPs have been shown to play crucial roles in normal skeletal development as well as bone healing and are able to activate transcription of genes involved in cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The delivery of BMP on matrices has been efficacious in the treatment of defect bone in implant surgery. The purpose of the histologic study was to evaluate the effect of DLB(demineralized lyophilized bone) coated with purified human BMP(hBMP-I) in immediate implant surgery with bony defect to obtain the functional structure of implant asap. The ability of a graft of hBMP-I to accelerate bony defect repair provides a rationale for its use in immediate implant surgery that have large bone defect in edentulous area.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF OSTEORADIONECROSIS OF THE MANDIBLE

A study of anatomy for fracture of iliac bone as graft donor site

Coronary Risk Factors in Kawasaki Disease

PURPOSE: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile vasculitis that may cause coronary artery dilatation after the acute phase. We assessed the risk factors of coronary artery dilatation in patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: From January 1995 through April 2003, a total of 362 patients with Kawasaki disease were enrolled. After dividing these patients into two groups by presence of coronary artery dilatation, we analyzed and compared the early symptoms and laboratory findings. RESULTS: A total of 362 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 65 patients(18.0%) with coronary artery dilatation, while Group 2 consisted of 297 patients(82.0%) with normal coronary arteries. Group 1 exhibited longer duration of fever during the early symptoms and showed elevated levels of CRP and cardiac Troponin-I(cTnI). WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hepatic enzymes, serum albumin, CK-MB, total eosinophil count, age and sex were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: As the severity of early inflammatory reaction increased, the risk of coronary artery dilatation increased accordingly. Therefore it is essential to establish a treatment to reduce the early inflammatory reaction in order to decrease coronary artery complications.

Analysis of short face tendency and it's determinant factors after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of mandibular prognathism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyse the facial changes and factors contributing to then after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of mandibular prognathism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with Class III dental and skeletal malocclusion who were treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were reviewed. Frontal and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and more than six months postoperatively in each patient. After tracing the cephalometric radiographs, various parameters were measured. RESULTS: 1. Gonial angle at postoperative two days was decreased about 10.4 degrees than preoperatively and gonial angle at postoperative six months was increased about 6.8 degrees than postoperative two days. So, gonial angle at postoperative six months was decreased about 3.6 degrees than preoperative gonial angle. 2. Facial height postoperative two days was decreased about 0.8mm than preoperatively and facial height at postoperative six months was decreased about 0.7mm than postoperative two days. So, facial height at postoperative six months was decreased about 1.5mm than preoperative facial height. 3. Mandibular width postoperative two days was decreased about 1.0mm than preoperatively and mandibular width at postoperative six months was increased about 1.8mm than postoperative two days. So, mandibular width at postoperative six months was decreased about 2.8mm than preoperative mandibular width. 4. Amount of set back and mandibular plane angle were not influencing on relapse degree. CONCULSION: It is thought that bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy in mandibular prognathic patients is effective to improve long face and steep gonial angle. More prudent operation and careful postoperative management is required to maintain stable face postoperatively. Further research for soft tissue changes and factors which are related with relapse is needed.

The Relationship between Human Neutrophil Elastase and Coronary Arterial Dilatation in Kawasaki Disease

PURPOSE: Kawasaki disease is notorious for coronary arterial complication which is usually developed as a febrile disease in early childhood. Increased polymorphonucleus(PMN) cell levels in acute phases may be associated with the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease. We studied the relationship between coronary arterial dilatation and elastase activity which was excreted from PMN cell and roles as an important factor for vasculitis. METHODS: Ten patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in Yonsei University Medical Center were examined between November, 2001 and January, 2002. In addition, 15 patients with other febrile diseases were also examined. Echocardiography was done in patients with Kawasaki disease on the first day of admission and four weeks after the onset of the disease. At each time, venous samples were drawn and separated into plasma and leukocytes. In patients with other febrile disease, samples were drawn on admission. Elastase activities in plasma and neutrophil extracts were measured. RESULTS: The significant increased plasma elastase activity, 6.19+/-0.74 U/mL, found in Kawasaki disease patients compared with the other febrile disease patients, 4.86+/-1.17 U/mL(P<0.05). And there was no significance between the above two diseases in terms of the elastase activity in neutrophil extracts. The relationship between initial elastase activity and the coronary arterial complication which was shown in subacute phase wasn't significant. CONCLUSION: Plasma elastase activity was increased in Kawasaki disease significantly, but the initial plasma elastase activity in the acute phase could not reflect the range of coronary arterial complication.

A Study On Differential Diagnosis And Approaches Of Lateral Neck Mass