Sobrecarga y Burnout en cuidadores informales del adulto mayor / Overload and Burnout among aged informal caregivers / Sobrecarga e Burnout com cuidadores informais do idoso

Objetivo: Conocer las condiciones personales, de sobrecarga y su relación con el Síndrome de Burnout en el cuidador informal del adulto mayor. Método: Estudio correlacional y transversal. Muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Muestra: 52 cuidadores informales de ancianos de ambos sexos. Se utilizó cédula de datos personales, la escala de Zarit y el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 20. Resultados: La media de edad de los cuidadores fue de 44 años, 58% están casados, 50% tienen escolaridad media superior, 45% son hijos de los seniles (35% son las hijas), el 27% trabajan como profesionistas, 73% tienen de 1 a 6 años cuidando al anciano; 42% dedica de 6-15 horas a su cuidado; 58% padece sobrecarga, con significancia (r = 0.442, p = 001) con las horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado. El Síndrome de Burnout mostró bajo riesgo en todas las dimensiones: Agotamiento Emocional 67%, Deshumanización 80% y Realización Personal 73%, aunque más del 20% lo padece en alguna dimensión. Conclusiones: La sobrecarga y el síndrome de Burnout en los cuidadores familiares se encontraron bajos. El factor relacionado con la sobrecarga y él Burnout fue el tiempo diario dedicado al cuidado. Con base en los resultados, se propone establecer programas preventivos de entrenamiento acerca del cuidado dirigidos a familiares de ancianos; con el fin de contribuir al bienestar de los cuidadores.

Objective: To explore the personal conditions associated with work overload and the Syndrome of Burnout among aged informal caregivers. Method: Correlational and transversal study using by-convenience not-probabilistic sampling. Sample: 52 aged informal caregivers of both sexes. A personal data form, the Zarit scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire were all used. Data were processed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: The care providers average age was 44 years old, 58% reported being married, 50% said they had a mid-high level education, 45% were sons of the elderly (35% were daughters), 27% said they worked as professionals, 73% stated they had a 1- 6 year-experience taking care of elders, 42% said that they usually devote between 6 and 15 hours daily to their care activities, and 58% turned out to be suffering from a work overload (r = .442, p=.001). A low Burnout Syndrome risk was found in all the corresponding dimensions: Emotional Fatigue 67%, Dehumanization 80%, and Personal Accomplishment 73%, though more than 20% of the respondents were shown to be suffering from the syndrome in at least one dimension. Conclusions: Work overloads and the Burnout Syndrome among the aged family caregivers were found to be low. An important factor associated with the work overload and the Burnout Syndrome was the time per day devoted to the care. Based on the results, it is suggested to establish preventive training programs related to caring and aimed at the aged family caregivers with the objective of contributing to the wellbeing of these specific caregivers.

Objetivo: Conhecer as condições pessoais, de sobrecarga e sua relação com a síndrome de Burnout no cuidador informal do idoso. Método: Estudo correlacional e transversal. Amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Amostra: 52 cuidadores informais de idosos de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se a cédula de dados pessoais, a escala de Zarit e o questionário Maslach Burnout Inventory. O processamento de dados realizou-se com o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20. Resultados: A média de idade dos cuidadores foi de 44 anos, 58% são casados, 50% são de escolaridade de ensino médio, 45% são filhos dos idosos (35% são as filhas), 27% trabalham como profissionais, 73% cuidam o idoso de 1 a 6 anos, 42% dedica ao cuidado de 6 a 15 horas, 58% padece de sobrecarga com significância (r=.442, p=001) pelo cuidado dedicado diariamente. A síndrome de Burnout mostrou um risco baixo em todas as dimensões: esgotamento emocional 67%, desumanização 80% e realização pessoal 73%, ainda que mais do 20% padeça em alguma dimensão. Conclusões: A sobrecarga e a síndrome de Burnout nos cuidadores familiares encontram-se baixos. O fator relacionado com a sobrecarga e o Burnout foi pelo cuidado dedicado diariamente. Com base nos resultados, propõem-se estabelecer programas preventivos de treino em volta do cuidado dirigido a familiares de idosos, com o fim de contribuir para o bem-estar dos cuidadores.

Perfil sociodemográfico y de intereses profesionales de los estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería / Socio-demographic profile and professional interests of students of Bachelor's degree in nursing

Introducción: Aunque en los servicios de salud a nivel mundial existe deficiencia de personal de enfermería, en América Latina el índice de deserción en las escuelas de enfermería es elevado; esta problemática recae en trabajadores en ejercicio quienes deben brindar cuidado enfermero en situaciones de cansancio y estrés. La problemática lleva a pensar que no existen características adecuadas en los estudiantes que ingresan para cursar favorablemente la carrera. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, económicas, familiares, de antecedentes escolares e intereses profesionales de estudiantes que ingresan a estudiar la carrera de Enfermería. Suponemos una relación entre deserción e intereses u objetivos que guiaron a alumnos en la selección de carrera, sus características socio-económicas-familiares y del plantel que provienen. Metodología: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, se consideró el 100% de las cédulas de tutoría aplicadas a estudiantes de Enfermería que ingresaron entre 2001 y 2006. Los datos sociodemográficos, económicos y familiares se obtuvieron por medio de preguntas abiertas o cerradas, para clasificar nivel socioeconómico se utilizó la propuesta de Sigmarket, los intereses profesionales se evaluaron a partir de una escala tipo likert. Resultados: El perfil obtenido mostró una población joven, predominantemente solteros, que no realizan trabajo remunerado, dependen económicamente de sus padres, de condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, sus intereses están orientados hacia la obtención de conocimientos y aspectos de carácter social Conclusiones: Fue importante identificar una tendencia, aunque no significativa estadísticamente, de permanencia en mayor medida de los alumnos con condiciones sociales más precarias, y aquellos cuyos intereses de orden social se ubican en el nivel más alto.

Introduction: Although it exists a deficiency in nursing staff at a global level in health services, in Latin America the rate of dropout in nursing schools is high; this problem lies over workers who must provide nurse care in situations of fatigue and stress. The problem leads us to think there are no appropriate characteristics for students to successful fulfill their career. Objective: to determine the socio demographic, economic and family characteristics, school background and professional interests of students entering nursing. We assume an existing relationship between dropout, the interests or goals that guided students in the selection of the career in nursing, the socio-economic-family characteristics and the institution of origin. Methodology: cross-sectional and descriptive study that considered the 10000% of admission interviews made to incoming nursing students from 200001 to 200006. The socio-demographic, economical and familiar data were obtained from closed and openended questions; the Sigmarket proposal was used for the classification of the socioeconomic level, the professional interests were evaluate from a likert scale. Results; the obtained profile showed a young population, mainly single, that doesn't have a paid job and depends from their parents economically, from a low socio-economic conditions, their interests are focus towards the acquisition of knowledge and aspects of social nature. Conclusions: it was important to identify a mayor tendency, although not statistically significant, of continuing the career from part of the students with lower social conditions and those whose social interests are located in the highest level.