Morbidity and Mortality of Nosocomial Infection after Cardiovascular Surgery: A Report of 1606 Cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Nosocomial infection (NI) is one of the most significant complications arising after open heart surgery,and leads to increased mortality,hospitalization time and health resource allocation.This study investigated the morbidity,mortality,and independent risk factors associated with NI following open heart surgery.We retrospectively surveyed the records of 1606 consecutive cardiovascular surgical patients to identify those that developed NI.The NI selection criteria were based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.The term NI encompasses surgical site infection (SSI),central venous catheter-related infection (CVCRI),urinary tract infection (UTI),respiratory tract infection and pneumonia (RTIP),as well as other types of infections.Of 1606 cardiovascular surgery patients,125 developed NI (7.8％,125/1606).The rates of NI following surgery for congenital malformation,valve replacement,and coronary artery bypass graft were 2.6％ (15/587),5.5％ (26/473) and 13.6％ (32/236),respectively.The NI rate following surgical repair of aortic aneurysm or dissection was 16.8％ (52/310).Increased risk of NI was detected for patients with a prior preoperative stay ≥3 days (OR=2.11,95％ CI=1.39-3.20),diabetes (OR=2.00,95％=CI 1.26-3.20),length of surgery ≥6 h (OR=2.26,95％ CI=1.47-3.47),or postoperative cerebrovascular accident (OR=4.08,95％ CI=1.79-9.29).Greater attention should be paid toward compliance with ventilator and catheter regulations in order to decrease NI morbidity and mortality following cardiovascular procedures.

Morbidity and Mortality of Nosocomial Infection after Cardiovascular Surgery: A Report of 1606 Cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Nosocomial infection (NI) is one of the most significant complications arising after open heart surgery,and leads to increased mortality,hospitalization time and health resource allocation.This study investigated the morbidity,mortality,and independent risk factors associated with NI following open heart surgery.We retrospectively surveyed the records of 1606 consecutive cardiovascular surgical patients to identify those that developed NI.The NI selection criteria were based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.The term NI encompasses surgical site infection (SSI),central venous catheter-related infection (CVCRI),urinary tract infection (UTI),respiratory tract infection and pneumonia (RTIP),as well as other types of infections.Of 1606 cardiovascular surgery patients,125 developed NI (7.8％,125/1606).The rates of NI following surgery for congenital malformation,valve replacement,and coronary artery bypass graft were 2.6％ (15/587),5.5％ (26/473) and 13.6％ (32/236),respectively.The NI rate following surgical repair of aortic aneurysm or dissection was 16.8％ (52/310).Increased risk of NI was detected for patients with a prior preoperative stay ≥3 days (OR=2.11,95％ CI=1.39-3.20),diabetes (OR=2.00,95％=CI 1.26-3.20),length of surgery ≥6 h (OR=2.26,95％ CI=1.47-3.47),or postoperative cerebrovascular accident (OR=4.08,95％ CI=1.79-9.29).Greater attention should be paid toward compliance with ventilator and catheter regulations in order to decrease NI morbidity and mortality following cardiovascular procedures.

Preparation, characterization and Calu-3 cellular uptake of three kinds of poly(b-benzyl-L-amino)block-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles / 药学学报

The aim of this paper is to compare the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency of three kinds of poly(b-benzyl-L-amino) block-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PXA-PEG-NPs) using Calu-3 cells, and select one as a nasal drug delivery vector for curcumin (Cur). Poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) block-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PBLG-PEG-NPs), poly(gamma-benzyl-L-lysine) block-poly(ethyleneglycol) nanoparticles (PZLL-PEG-NPs) and poly(gamma-benzyl-L-aspartate) block-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PBLA-PEG-NPs) were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. MTT assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PXA-PEG-NPs against Calu-3 cells. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles was visualized by an inverted fluorescence microscope and quantified by a flow cytometer. The results indicated that even at high concentration of 2 mg x mL(-1) the three nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity on Calu-3 cells. Compared to the curcumin solution, the three curcumin-loaded PXA-PEG-NPs showed significantly higher cellular uptake efficiency on Calu-3 cells (at equal concentration of curcumin with 5 microg x mL(-1) Cur solution), PBLG-PEG-NPs group was the highest. The cellular uptake increased with incubation time, and has positive correlation with nanoparticle concentration. In brief, PXA-PEG-NPs are conducive to delivery Cur into cells, and PBLG-PEG-NPs might be provided as a good nasal drug delivery carrier.

Preventive effect of ganlong capsule on chronic alcoholic hepatic injury in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the preventive effect of Ganlong capsule on chronic alcoholic hepatic injury in rats and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat chronic hepatic injury model was induced by intragastrically administered with gradient alcohol, once a day for 12 weeks. Efforts were made to detect the content of ALT, AST, TG, CHO, TNF-alpha in rat serum and GSH, SOD, MDA, ADH, Alb in hepatic tissues were detected, conduct a hepatic pathological examination, and pathological injury grading for livers.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ganlong capsule could reduce the content of ALT, AST, TG in blood serum, MDA in hepatic tissues (P < 0.05), and enhance the activities of antioxidants such as SOD and GSH in hepatic tissues (P < 0.05). According to the liver histopathological observation, most structures of hepatic lobules in the model group were destroyed, with disordered liver cell cords, diffuse fat empty bubbles of different sizes in cytoplasm, focal necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. All of treatment groups showed alleviation in rat liver injury to varying degrees.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ganlong capsule has a significant preventive effect to chronic alcoholic hepatic injury in rats.</p>

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum, a rare chest fluoroscopy finding: a case report / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a very rare cardiac abnormality and it is not completely understood about its etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This article presents a case of large congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle. The clinical manifestation included paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The diagnosis was made by chest fluoroscopy observation and confirmed by 64-slice CT-angiography. The arrhythmia alleviated instead of antiarrhythmic drugs but by radiofrequency catheter ablation. Due to the rapid growth of the diverticulum, the patient underwent surgical resection finally. Owing to the fatal risks, clinicians should improve the understanding of this disease by deeply studying more cases, in order to standardize the treatment.

Advances in the study of lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles as drug delivery system / 药学学报

Various geometric shapes and structures self-assembled of amphiphilic lipids when present in an aqueous environment, as active delivery vehicles, are becoming one of focuses of drug delivery system. Lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (or Cubosomes) consisting of "honeycombed (cavernous)" structure spontaneously formed when a certain concentration of amphiphilic lipids dispersed in aqueous solution has curved bicontinuous lipid bilayer in three dimensions, separating two congruent networks of water channels. Its unique structure consists of internal double water channels and large interfacial areas, which reveal great flexibility in encapsulation efficiency of various polarities and amount of drugs, and has variegated range of drugs encapsulated. As a drug delivery vehicle, high drug payloads, stabilization of peptides or proteins and simple preparation process are also its advantages. The ability of cubic phase to incorporate and control release of drugs of varying size and polar characteristics, and biodegradability of lipids make it an interesting drug delivery system for various routes of administration, including oral, topical (or mucosal) and intravenous administrations, with extensive application in a multitude of dosage forms. Furthermore, a number of different proteins in cubic phase appear to retain their native conformation and bioactivity, and are protected against chemical and physical inactivation. In this paper, investigations of lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles are reviewed and summarized, with a hope to provide a reference for its in-depth study. At the end, the authors made a development prospect of this novel excellent candidate for active ingredients delivery vehicle.

The distribution of azidothymidine palmitate galactosylated liposomes in mice / 药学学报

Hepatocytes act as a reservoir for the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and are responsible for its continual dissemination in the peripheral circulation. For this reason, galactosylated liposomes (GalLs) containing home-made [(2-lactoylamido) ethylamino] formic acid cholesterol ester (CH-ED-LA ) as a homing device were prepared to study the biodistribution of the liposomal azidothymidine palmitate (AZTP) in mice. Four liposomes of the present study, soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC)/cholesterol(CH)/CH-ED-LA (80 : 10: 10, 10% GalLs), SPC/CH/CH-ED-LA (80 : 15:5, 5% GalLs), SPC/CH/CH-ED-LA (80 : 17 : 3, 3% GallLs) and SPC/CH (80 : 20, CL) incorporated AZTP were prepared by ethanol-injection method followed by ultrasonic-dispersion and characterized by entrapped efficiency which was more than 95% and their mean diameter was less than 100 nm, respectively. The effects of the addition upon the liposomal membrane potential and AZTP content were also unseen. The distributions of AZT in various organs were determinated by reversed phase HPLC after intravenous administration via tail vein in mice, at a dose of 15.85 mg x kg(-1) AZT solution and 30 mg x kg(-1) AZTP (at equimolar doses) in CL or GalLs, respectively. Compared to AZT control solution, the half-life of AZT in each group of AZTP liposomes increased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentration-averaged overall drug targeting efficiency (r(e)) of the liver presented by AZTP CL and GalLs containing 3% , 5% , 10% (mol/mol) CH-ED-LA increased 1.32 and 1.48, 2.13, 1.50 times as that of AZT solution, respectively. These results indicate that liposomes containing such novel galactosylated lipid, CH-ED-LA, had remarkably improved the targetability of AZTP to liver, and are anticipated to be a potential candidate for liver targeting delivery carriers.

Construction of the recombinant adenovirus vector expressing human CD40 ligand gene / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing hCD40L gene and explore it in the use of anti-tumor gene therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1,900 bp gene fragment was obtained form plasmid pORF-hCD40L by Xho I/Swa I cutting and then cloned directionally into the pShuttle plasmid, finally, the resultant plasmid was digested by restriction endonnuclease PmeI and subsequently cotransformtion into BJ5183 cells with the adenoviral backbone pAdEasy-1 to obtain the homologous recombinant and then the recombinant was packaged in the 293 cells. Some methods such as PCR and endonulease digestion were employed to identify the recombinant adenovirus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The evidences of endonulease digestion and PCR analysis confirmed that recombinant hCD40L gene was correctly inserted into adenovirus vector.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The adenoviral vector which expressed hCD40L gene was constructed. It provides an experimental basis for studies on it expression in the mammalian cells and in tumor gene therapy.</p>