Primary intrauterine dysgerminoma in a pregnant woman: A rare case report

Primary extraovarian dysgerminoma is very rare. Nearly all reported uterine germ cell tumors are nondysgerminoma. Herein, we reported a primary intrauterine dysgerminoma. A 21-year-old pregnant woman G2 L1 with a gestational age of 33 weeks referred to an obstetric ward with a chief complaint of labor pain and membrane rupture. Ultrasonography showed a large hypoechoic lobulated area adjacent to the lower part of her uterus. She underwent an operation and a huge mass was detected in her uterus, which was extended to her pelvic floor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were consistent with dysgerminoma.

Does perineal body thickness affect faecal incontinence in multiparous patients?

Background. Obstetric trauma is the most common cause of faecal incontinence in multiparous women. The literature has shown that women with obstetric trauma to the anal sphincter have decreased perineal body thickness (PBT). Objective. To determine the role of PBT in the assessment of this type of faecal incontinence in multiparous patients. Methods. Forty-four women with faecal incontinence, and 36 asymptomatic women who had had two or more previous deliveries, were investigated with endoanal ultrasonography from January to December 2016. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of PBT: <10 mm, 10 - 12 mm and >12 mm. The degree of faecal incontinence was measured using the Wexner faecal incontinence score. Sphincter angle defect was separately measured for each patient. Results. The mean (standard error) age of all of our 80 patients was 46.9 (1.3) years (range 26 - 77 years), and the mean PBT in incontinent patients was 8.78 (2.84) mm, and 12.65 (16.76) mm in asymptomatic subjects (p<0.001). The mean Wexner score was 8.6(range 2 - 20) in incontinent patients. External anal sphincter defect angles were negatively correlated with PBT (p=0.045). For 89% of the patients, there was a history of vaginal delivery, and 62.5% had undergone one or more prior episiotomies during delivery. A PBT <10 mm was associated with sphincter defect in most incontinent patients. Conclusion. PBT plays a significantly important role in faecal incontinence, so it is recommended that it should be one of the factors involved in anal incontinency evaluations

[Association between interleukin-20 gene Rs 1518108 polymorphisms of and the risk of chronic hepatitis B]

The outcome of Hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection is variable in different individuals. Liver injuries in chronic HBV infection appear to be mostly due to the host's immune response to control the infection. Various studies have provided evidence for an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] within interleukin genes and susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to examine IL-20 gene SNP [rs1518108] in regard to genotype and allele frequencies and its association with HBV outcome. The SNP at position rs1518108 of IL-20 gene was analyzed in the patients with chronic HBV infection and healthy volunteers as control group. Blood samples were collected from 134 ELISA positive hepatitis B patients as well as 119 healthy controls. Evaluation of SNP was performed to find differences in allele and genotype frequencies by PCR-RFLP method in this case-control study. Results showed a slightly higher CT genotype among the patients but the difference was not statistically significant [P=0.856]. Genotype and allele frequencies were found in both groups and no significant difference was observed in the frequency of interleukin-20 gene polymorphism [rs1518108] between chronic HBV patients and healthy subjects in relation to genotype [P=0.827] and allele [P=0.784] frequencies. The results suggested that there is no correlation between interleukin-20 [rs1518108] polymorphism with HBV infection or disease progression. Polymorphism could not be regarded as a host genetic factor associated with the HBV infection outcome. Genetic factors other than interleukin-20 or other polymorphisms of this gene, seem to be involved in the process of viral clearance and prevention of chronic hepatitis B

Abundance of Cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bushehr Waters, Persian Gulf.

The abundance of cutlassfish was studied in the fishing grounds of Bushehr waters between May to August 2010. Stratified random sampling scheme from 40 trawl stations was used. Catch rates (catch per unit area, CPUA) and total biomass of all the samples were estimated. Mean CPUA and the total biomass of Trichiurus lepturus were estimated as 6104.6 ± 956.4 kgnm-2 and 3765.9 tonnes respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean CPUA of different depths and seasons. This study has provided the first study of biomass and CPUA in Bushehr Waters. The data collected in this study can be used as the basis for a long-term stock monitoring program in the region.

Frequency of risk factors of HIV and hepatitis infections among the homeless in tehran, iran [2005-2007]

Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C, B, and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore, we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran, Iran during 2005 to 2007

Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of Tehran, Iran. Two groups of patients were enrolled in this study: 103 HIV-positive and 75 hepatitis patients were examined [total 178], and relevant risk factors were investigated. The relevant details of the participants were obtained and recorded by a questionnaire, HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis using Eliza technique. Data were analyzed using Chi square and factor analysis in SPSS 13

Results: 60.8% of the HIV positive cases and 43.88% of the hepatitis cases had no relations with their friends; the difference was statistically significant [p=0.027]. Also, 94.2% of the AIDS cases and 85.1% of the hepatitis cases were deprived of their family support, and the difference was statistically significant [p=0.o44]. the prevalence of addiction to crack and heroin was 28% and 44.7% in hepatitis and AIDS sufferers respectively, where the difference was statistically significant [p=0.023]. The results of factor analysis revealed five major factors: familial factors [relation with family, relation with friends, lifestyle], type of addiction [opium, crack, heroin], social factors [sex, incarceration history, family support], personal factors [age, marital status, living parents], cultural factors [education, psychological problems]. The five factors related to HIV comprised 68.42% of the total variance, and those of hepatitis 56.69% of the total variance

Conclusion: The risk factors among the two groups are having no relations with friends, lack of family support and addiction to crack or heroin

p 53 codon 72 polymorphism in stomach and colorectal adenocarcinomas in Iranian patients.

Background: The association of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 of the p53 gene (Arg72Pro) with malignancy is a subject of controversy. We analyzed this polymorphism in 224 patients with gastrointestinal cancers (92 with stomach cancer and 132 with colorectal cancer) and in 163 healthy controls. Material and Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and amplified with an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was no significant association between p53 alleles and gastrointestinal cancers. The frequency of the Arg allele was 59.7, 58.8, and 59.2% in the stomach cancer patients, colorectal cancer patients, and controls, respectively. Frequencies of the Pro allele were 40.3% in patients with stomach cancer, 41.2% in patients with colorectal cancer, and 40.8% in controls. Likewise, genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the two patient groups and controls. There were no differences in genotype or allele frequencies by gender, age, or histological grade. Conclusions: The data do not support the association of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism with stomach or colorectal cancers in Iranian patients.

[Review of routine therapeutic management of common oral lesions]

Since there are not specific pathogens for most of the intraoral lesions and there is not unique protocol for their therapies and also some of these drugs are not accessible in Iran, we decided to introduce the drugs most available and appropriate in our country. This study has been done by review discussion procedures. The articles were extracted from native, foreign and international journals, medline, books and theses. Whole part of therapies were considered in these articles. The following lesions were discussed in this study: 1- Primary and secondary herpetic gingivostomatitis, 2- Recurrent Aphthus stomatitis, 3- Lichen planus, 4-Candidiasis, 5- Burning sensation in oral cavity, 6- Xerostomia and 7- taste disorder. As we know there are several kinds of medications for each lesion, although most of them have side effects, and some of them can not be found in our country, we have tried to do our best to suggest appropriate drugs for each intraoral disorders

Incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients with PSA less than 4 ng/ml undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer in iranian men

OBJECTIVE:To assess the incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy due to bladder cancer in Iranian men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cystoprostatectomy specimens removed due to bladder malignancy (2004-2005) at two referral centers (Shaheed Modarress and Shaheed Labbafinejad Hospitals, Tehran, Iran) were examined for the coincidental finding of prostate cancer (PCa). At the time of surgery the patient's serum PSA was less than 4 ng/mL and there were no suspicious lesions by digital rectal examination. Pathologic grade, stage, morphometric volume, number of tumor foci and association with areas of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) were assessed by light microscopy. All specimens were totally embedded and whole-mounted. Clinically significant cancers were defined as tumors with 0.5 mL volume, Gleason pattern 4 or 5, pT3, positive surgical margin, and multifocality > 3. RESULTS: Incidentally detected cancer was found in 7 (14 percent) of cystoprostatectomy specimens. HGPIN was present in 1 (14.3 percent) of the cystoprostatectomies with incidentally detected prostate cancer. None of cystoprostatectomies without prostate cancer had HGPIN. Four (57 percent) of the detected cancers were significant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that incidentally detected prostate cancer in Iran is lower than the rates reported in other countries. Further studies are warranted for better declaration of variability of prostate cancer between different ethnic groups.

Comparison of the effect of sugarfree orbit chewing gum and natural turpentine on salivary flow rate and pH

Medications, systemic diseases, head and neck radiotherapy and mental stress reduce the salivary flow rate and dispose one to dental caries and oral disease. There are different ways to compensate reduction of salivary flow rate such as sour c and ies, lemon, special stimulating sprays or lacques and chewing gums. Many factories such as Wrigly factory producing chewing gums claim to reduce caries rate by increasing salivary flow pH and after chewing their product. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of sugarfree Orbit chewing gum and natural turpentine on the salivary flow rate and pH. This single blind r and omized clinical trial was accomplished on 16 dental students of Shaheed Beheshti University in 1383 using a cross - over method. The samples were selected by simple non - r and omized method divided into two groups, A and B each including eight persons. The saliva of all samples were collected 5 minutes after eating 2 sweet biscuits by active method during 10 minutes. Then the volume of collected saliva was measured and immediately the pH was determined by a calibrated pH meter. After 72h wash out period, on the 3rd day two biscuits were given to all of the samples and after 5 minutes 14 grams of sugarfree Orbit gum was given to samples of group B, the amount of saliva collected during 10 minutes measured, and the pH was resigtered. Again, after 72 h washed out period, on the 3rd day, two biscuits were given to all of the samples and after 5 minutes 14 grams of sugarfree Orbit was given to members of group B and equal amount of Turpentine to members of group A during 10 minutes of chewing. The amount of saliva and its pH was measured and registered again. The data were analyzed with sphericity and Friedman tests. The mean saliva flow rate after having the biscuits, chewing the gum and Turpentine was 5.0 +/- 0.8 ml, 15.8 +/- 1.0 ml, 13.7 +/- 1.3 ml, respectively. The difference among three groups was statistically significant [P<0.005]. The mean salivary pH at the beginning was 5.8 +/- 0.6 and after using gum and turpentine turned to 7.4 +/- 0.5 and 7.1 +/- 0.3. All of these amounts had a statistically significant difference [P<0.001]. Sugarfree Orbit chewing gum causes increase of saliva flow rate and its pH. Therefore, preventing the mouth diseases, caused by Xerostomia and teeth diseases

LASIK retreatment for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism

To evaluate the results of laser in situ keratomileusis [LASIK] retreatment in patients with postoperative regression. In a retrospective interventional case series, 153 eyes of 113 patients who had undergone LASIK retreatment for postoperative regression were evaluated. Both initial LASIK and retreatment were performed with a Nidek: EC 5000 excimer laser, and flap was made with a Moria microkeratome. Mean age was 29.63 +/- 2.2 yr [range, 20 to 54 yr] and mean follow-up was 11 months [range, 3 to 34 mth] after the initial surgery and 13.1 months [range, 12 to 18 mth] after retreatment. Retreatment was performed 3-34 months after the primary LASIK. Mean spherical equivalent [SE] was -5.39 +/- 2.69 diopters [D] [range, -1.50 to -14.00 D] before initial LASIK and -1.76 +/- 1.08 D [range, -0.50 to -5.00 D] before retreatment. Mean astigmatism was -1.38 +/- 1.07 D [range, -0.50 to -5.00 D] before initial LASIK and -1.12 +/- 0.50 D [range, -0.50 to -2.50 D] before retreatment. One year after retreatment, mean UCVA was 20/25, and mean SE was -0.29 +/- 0.02 D. Best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] improved in all eyes. Two eyes received more than one retreatment. Twenty eyes had flap wrinkling, 2 eyes had diffuse lamellar keratitis [DLK], and 2 eyes had epithelial ingrowth after the initial LASIK. Four eyes had epithelial ingrowth and 2 eyes developed mild keratectasia after retreatment. LASIK retreatment is a safe and effective option with small amounts of myopia and myopic astigmatism regression. The rate of retreatment is higher in patients with myopic astigmatism and in patients with less than 40 years of age, also the risk of complications in retreatment is higher than the initial LASIK. Refractive changes are more stable after retreatment. The risk of keratectasia is higher in final residual stromal bed thickness less than 250 lam after the reoperation