The occurrence and progress of immune inflammatory response involved in gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of immune and inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods:Fifteen patients with GERD who underwent biopsy and histopathology during painless gastroscopy in the digestive endoscopy center of the General Hospital of the PLA from December 2018 to September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into three groups: 6 cases of non erosive reflux disease (NERD), 8 cases of reflux esophagitis (RE) and 1 case of RE with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (RE-HIN). HE staining was used to analyze the inflammatory reaction of each group. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-4, nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), IL-8, reactive oxygen species (ROS-1) were monitored by immunohistochemistry. Chi square test was used to analyze the positive rate of immune and inflammatory indexes in each group.Results:The three groups showed mild and moderate inflammatory cell infiltration, mostly lymphocyte infiltration, and basal cell hyperplasia in 3 cases. There was no significant difference between inflammatory cell infiltration, basal hyperplasia and inflammatory grade in NERD and RE( P>0.05). Immune and inflammatory factors COX-2(positive rate:NERD 4/6, RE4/8, RE-HIN 1/1), iNOS(positive rate:NERD 4/6, RE 3/8, RE-HIN 0), IL-1β(positive rate:NERD 6/6, RE 7/8, RE-HIN 1/1), MPO(positive rate:NERD 4/6, RE 7/8, RE-HIN 1/1), IL-4(positive rate:NERD 3/6, RE 4/8, RE-HIN 0), IL-8(positive rate:NERD 2/6, RE 6/8, RE-HIN 1/1), ROS-1(positive rate:NERD 3/6, RE 1/8, RE-HIN 0) and signal pathway NF- κ B (positive rate:NERD 4/6, RE 8/8, RE-HIN 1/1) were positive in three groups. The expressions of IL-1β, MPO and NF-κB were statistically significant among the three groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an inflammatory cascade mediated by immune inflammatory factors and mediators in GERD patients, and NF-κB signaling pathway is involved. It provides a basis for finding targets to block immune and inflammatory responses in the later stage to treat GERD.

Predicting the number of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China using the ARIMA-EGARCH model

Objective: To forecast the visceral leishmaniasis cases using autoregress integrated moving average (ARIMA) and hybrid ARIMA-EGARCH model, which offers a scientific basis to control visceral leishmaniasis spread in Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, China. Methods: The data used in this paper are monthly visceral leishmaniasis cases in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2004 to 2016. The sample data between 2004 and 2015 were used for the estimation to choose the best model and the sample data in 2016 were used for the forecast. Time series of visceral leishmaniasis started on 1 January 2004 and ended on 31 December 2016, consisting of 1 790 observations reported in Kashgar Prefecture. Results: For Xinjiang, the total number of reported cases were 2 187, the male-to-female ratio of cases was 1:1.42. Patients aged between 0 and 10 years accounted for 82.72% of all reported cases and the largest percentage of visceral leishmaniasis cases was detected among scattered children who accounted for 68.82%. The monthly incidences fitted by ARIMA (2, 1, 2) (1, 1, 1)

Predicting the number of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China using the ARIMA-EGARCH model

Objective: To forecast the visceral leishmaniasis cases using autoregress integrated moving average (ARIMA) and hybrid ARIMA-EGARCH model, which offers a scientific basis to control visceral leishmaniasis spread in Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, China. Methods: The data used in this paper are monthly visceral leishmaniasis cases in the Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2004 to 2016. The sample data between 2004 and 2015 were used for the estimation to choose the best model and the sample data in 2016 were used for the forecast. Time series of visceral leishmaniasis started on 1 January 2004 and ended on 31 December 2016, consisting of 1 790 observations reported in Kashgar Prefecture. Results: For Xinjiang, the total number of reported cases were 2 187, the male-to-female ratio of cases was 1:1.42. Patients aged between 0 and 10 years accounted for 82.72% of all reported cases and the largest percentage of visceral leishmaniasis cases was detected among scattered children who accounted for 68.82%. The monthly incidences fitted by ARIMA (2, 1, 2) (1, 1, 1)12 model were consistent with the real data collected from 2004 to 2015. However, the predicted cases failed to comply with the observed case number; we then attempted to establish a hybrid ARIMA-EGARCH model to fit visceral leishmaniasis. Finally, the ARIMA (2, 1, 2) (1, 1, 1)12- EGARCH (1, 1) model showed a good estimation when dealing with volatility clustering in the data series. Conclusions: The combined model has been determined as the best prediction model with the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 7.23% in the validation phase, which means that this model has high validity and rationality and can be used for short-term prediction of visceral leishmaniasis and could be applied to the prevention and control of the disease.

A quantitative study on the epidemic situation of tuberculosis based on the transmission disease dynamics in 14 prefectures of Xinjiang from 2005 to 2017 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To quantitatively analyze the epidemic situation of tuberculosis(TB)by modeling the data of tuberculosis in prefectures of Xinjiang,and predict the new cases of tuberculosis in prefectures of Xinjiang.Methods A dynamic model was used to fit the data of TB in 14 prefectures in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2014,the results of the fitting were verified by tuberculosis data in 2015－2017,verified results were evaluated,estimated values and basic reproductive numbers (R0)of parameters in each region were obtained,data of new TB in 2018－2022 were predic-ted.Results The verification of TB data in 2015－2017 showed that the actual values fell within the 95% confidence interval of the predictive value curve,model was fit well.R0in Southern Kashgar was 1 1.38 (95%CI:1 1.33－11.50),R0in Urumqi City in Eastern Xinjiang and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture in Northern Xinjiang were 5.46 (95% CI :5.28－5.50)and 2.22 (95% CI :2.18－2.28)respectively.The epidemic situation of TB in Southern Xinjiang was more serious than that in Northern and Eastern Xinjiang,epidemic situation of TB in Kash- gar Prefecture was most serious.The predicted results showed that the number of new TB from 2018 to 2022 will slowly grow in most prefectures.Conclusion The dynamical model of TB fits well and is feasible in this study,it can be used for prediction of new TB cases,intervention and management in Southern Xinjiang should be strength-ened to control the prevalence of TB.

Anti-inflammatory: effect mechanism of warming-dredging in moxibustion / 中国针灸

The universality of anti-inflammation in moxibustion is analyzed in this article from its adaptation disease and ancient documentary records. The specificity of anti-inflammation in moxibustion is pointed out from its disease series research and scientific fact that moxibustion could be used for heat syndrome. The integrity of anti-inflammation in moxibustion is explained by series research result that four basic circulations of moxibustion for chronic inflammation are all effective. The two-way characteristic of moxibustion anti-inflammation is explained from the fact that moxibustion has regulation function both for excess and insufficiency of inflammation to demonstrate the effect mechanism of warming-dredging in moxibustion lies in its anti-inflammation. At last, the relevant possible mechanism between moxibustion anti-inflammation and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) is proposed. The effect mechanism of warming-dredging in moxibustion lies in anti-inflammation, which could provide theoretic basis for prevention and treatment of moxibustion for serious diseases.

Transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients less than 50 years old / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients below 50 years of age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia patients (mean age 48.2 years, range 46-49 years) underwent transurethral enucleation of the prostate. The middle lobe and two lateral lobes were enucleated with the preprosthetic sphincter and anterior fibromuscular stroma preserved during the operation. The patients were followed up to evaluate the lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual activity after the surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 12 patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months. The symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction were improved obviously after the surgery, and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) decreased from 24±5.1 to 8.8±1.4 and peak urine flow rate (Qmax) increased from 8.1±4.2 ml/s to 20.1±4.2 ml/s at 3 months postoperatively. All the 12 cases had residual urine (12-44 ml) preoperatively, but after the surgery, only 4 still had residual urine of less than 30 ml. All the patients had normal erection function postoperatively, and 10 had normal ejaculation; the other 2 patients recovered normal ejaculation 3 and 5 months after the operation, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transurethral enucleation can alleviate the low urinary tract obstruction symptom and improve the sexual function by avoiding preprosthetic sphincter injury in relatively young patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p>

Expression of integrin beta1 in squamous cell carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of integrin beta1 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and explore the relationship between stem cell marker and SCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of integrin beta1 in SCC tissues and SCC cell strain A431 were detected with immunohistochemical methods and cell staining method. The differentiation of SCC cells were induced with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). The changes of integrin beta1 levels before and after induction were detected with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In highly differentiated SCC tissues, integrin beta1 was constantly expressed in the basal-like cells in the edge of tumor; some cells inside arranged as island also showed positive integrin beta1 expression. In poorly differentiated SCC tissues, island-like integrin beta1-positive cells remarkably increased and distributed in a diffuse way. In SCC A431 cells, integrin beta1 was expressed unevenly in tumor cells. After treatment by ATRA, level of integrin beta1 mRNA in A431 cells significantly decreased compared with untreated control (P < 0.05), and the ratios between the intensity values of integrin beta1 to beta-actin were 0.071 +/- 0.025 and 0.029 +/- 0.018 at 24 h and 48 h, respectively, whereas in controls were 0.148 +/- 0.027 and 0.136 +/- 0.011 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Integrin beta1 is heterogeneously expressed in both SCC tissues and SCC A431 cells. The expression of Integrin beta1 decreases when the differentiation level of tumor cells increase, indicating that integrin beta1 is closely related with the initiation of SCC and potential cancer stem cells in SCC.</p>

Inhibition of promyelocytic leukemia gene by tazarotene in hyperproliferative epidermis of psoriasis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of tazarotene against active psoriasis vulgaris.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 43 patients with active psoriasis vulgaris, who were divided into tazarotene and control groups. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) mRNA in active psoriatic lesions before and 14 days after tazarotene treatment was detected by in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PML mRNA expression was detected not only in the basal layer (86.96%), but also in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis in the manner of focal expression (78.26%). After tazarotene treatment, virtually no PML mRNA expression could be detected in the psoriatic lesions (8.69% in the basal layer and 4.35% in the suprabasal layers). PML mRNA expression in the control group underwent no obvious changes during the observation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tazarotene may inhibit abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes through down-regulating PML gene expression in active psoriatic epidermis.</p>