Triterpenoids from leaves of Ilex guayusa / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex guayusa were investigated. Sixteen triterpenoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dried leaves of I. guayusa by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatographies and semi-prepa-rative HPLC. Those triterpenoids were identified by NMR, HR-MS, and literature analysis: 3β-hydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(1), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-methyl ester(2), oleanolic acid(3), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-oleanene(4), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-'nor-olean-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(5), ursolic acid(6), 3β,23-dihydroxy ursolic acid(7), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-ursene(8), 3β-28-nor-urs-12-ene-3,17-diol(9), 3β-hydroxyurs-11-ene-28,13β-olide(10), 13β,28-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-11-ursene(11), 3β-hydroxy-28,28-dimethoxy-12-ursene(12), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid(13), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-methyl ester(14), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(15) and 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),20(30)-dien-28,13β-olide(16). Compounds 1-2 were new compounds, and compounds 4-5, 7 and 9-16 were isolated from I. guayusa for the first time.

UPLC characteristic fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Angong Niuhuang Pills / 中国中药杂志

To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Zhongyi Angong Niuhuang Pills, in order to evaluate its quality by chemical pattern recognition. The method was developed on a column of Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18), with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the detective wavelength was 254 nm. The similarity of 24 batches of Angong Niuhuang Pills was compared by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2004 A). Hydrophobic cluster analysis,principal components analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted by using SIMCA 13.0 software to investigate different components among these products. The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established in this study. And 17 common peaks were identified by standard reference and UPLC-MS. The similarity of 24 batches samples were above 0.980,which can be classified into three categories for pattern recognition. Baicalin,berberine,jatrorrhizine,wogonin and wogonoside were identified as the main markers that cause differences of various batches. The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reproducible,and can provide scientific basis for improving the quality standard of Zhongyi Angong Niuhuang Pills.

UPLC characteristic fingerprint of leaves of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish the characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of Moringa oleifera by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for its quality control. The method was developed on a column of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ with acetonitrile-0.01% TFA solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min⁻¹. The detective wavelength was 210 nm, and the column temperature was 35 °C. The 14 batches of the leaves of M. oleifera were compared for the similarity by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004A). The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established, and twelve common peaks were identified by comparison with the references and UPLC-MS. The relative retention times were 0.08 (No. 1, adenosine), 0.14 (No. 2, L-phenylalanine), 0.22 (No. 3, 5-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.28 (No. 4, L-tryptophane), 0.42 (No. 5, 4-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.65 (No. 6, vicenin-2), 0.94 (No. 7, vitexin), 0.96 (No. 8, isovitexin), 1.00 (No. 9, isoquercitrin), 1.11 [No. 10, quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside], 1.21 (No. 11, astragalin) and 1.37 [No. 12, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside]. It is the first time to establish the UPLC characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of M. oleifera. The method is simple, quick and reproducible with high precision, which can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the leaves of M. oleifera.

Indocyanine green fluorescent imaging in laparoscopic hepatectomy / 中国医师杂志

The literatures on indocyanine green fluorescent imaging in hepatectomy,especially in laparoscopic hepatectomy were reviewed by retriving Web of science,Pubmed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database.To view the progress and limitations of indocyanine green fluorescent imaging in laparoscopic hepatectomy.Indocyanine green fluorescent imaging can:(1) effectively detect and differentiate tumor;(2) visualize the staining of liver segment and differentiate bile duct;(3) detect bile leakage.However,high false positive rate and limitation in depth in tumor detectation are still the major disadvantages of indocyanine green fluorescent imaging.Also,the best dose and interval of indocyanine green are unknown.Indocyanine green fluorescent imaging will be very usefull in laparoscopic hepatectomy in future,also need to be explored in details,especially in oncology effect.

Effect of Gimeracil and Oteracil Porassium combined with cisplatin in the treatment of old patients with advanced gastric cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of S-1 combined with cisplatin in the treatment of old patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods 85 patients were randomly divided into two groups.Experimental group was treated by S-1 combined with cisplatin,while control group was treated by 5-FU and cisplatin.Short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated after four cycles.Results All patients had succcssfully accomplished chemotherapy.Compared with the control group ( RR =52.4％,DCR =81.0％ ),RR and DCR in experimental group ( RR =67.4％,DCR =93.0％ ) had statistically significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The top three of adverse reactions and complications in patients of the two groups were:nausea and vomiting,low WBC,low hemoglobin concentration.Compared with the control group,the toxicity in experimental group had no statistically significant difference ( P ＞0.05).All patients were followed up with a meau of( 15.5 - 2.7 ) months.The 1 year survival rate was 60.5％(26/43) in the experimental group; the 1 year survival rate was 52.4％ (21/42) in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The S-1 combined with cisplatin had shown better efficacy in the treatment of old patients with advanced gastric carcinoma,and the toxicity was relatively mild and tolerable.

Effects of splencectomy on the expression of PDGF-B in the live and the serum level of PDGF-BB of the rats with hepatic fibrosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of splenectomy on hepatic fibrosis and on the expression of PDGF-B in the liver and PDGF-BB in the serum of rats with hepatic fibrosis. MethodsBy hypodermic injection CCl4, we established 65 rat models with hepatic fibrosis, splenectomies were performed in the three groups at different phases: before hypodermic injection CCl4 (A group), five weeks after hypodermic injection CCl4 (B group), and ten weeks hypodermic injection CCl4 (C group). The control groups were established at the same time, with samples of the livers and serum of the rats taken in different phases. The expressions of PDGF in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry technique and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was detected by HE staining. The serum levels of PDGF-BB were analyzed by ELISA technique. ResultsAbsorbance values of PDGF-B in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control groups (P＜0. 05). Serum levels of PDGF-BB of the rats after splenectomy were significantly lower than those in the control groups (P＜0.05). HE and Masson's staining showed that the progression of Hepatic fibrosis was slow in the A group. Hepatic pathologic state was significantly relieved in the B group and the inflammation and fibrosis was relieved in the C group. Conclusion Earlier period splenectomy could delay the proceeding of experimental hepatic fibrosis. After splenectomy the decline in the level of PDGF may be one of the mechanisms causing the delay.

Applied anatomic investigation of phalloplasty / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anatomy of penis and its adjacent organ for phalloplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anatomic dissection of penis and perineum was performed on 30 adult male cadavers (60 sides). Observation and measurement were focused on the penile length of different parts, the morphological relationship of infundibular ligament and suspensory ligament with penile radix, and the feature of crus penis with relation to the deep penile artery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average length of the penile shaft was 8.13 cm, the penile radix was 7.67 cm and the crus penis was 5.96 - 5.98 cm. The deep penile artery penetrated into the crus penis at its middle 1/3. The infundibular ligament attached to superficial fascia of the penis and extended downward to the scrotal septum to constitute the suspensory structure for both of them. The suspensory ligament attached to the dorsal deep fascia of the penis. Becoming thicker, the rear part of the suspensory ligament connected firmly to the pubic arcuate ligament to constitute a part of suspensory mechanism for the urethra. There was a part of cavernous body, which was free from either ligament or bony attachment, between the penile radix and the crus penis, where the dorsal artery and nerve of penis turned around from the ventral to the dorsal aspect of the penis and the penile dorsal vain penetrated the urogenital septum, draining into intrapelvic venous plexus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The divisional measurement of the penis length, the recognition of the suspensory ligaments and the anatomic feature of the crus penis with relation to the deep penile artery are all of significant importance to improve the operation of phalloplasty.</p>