Wernicke's encephalopathy with atypical findings on MR imaging

Wernicke's encephalopathy [WE] is a disease usually related to chronic alcoholism. The clinical diagnosis is often difficult to establish. MR imaging is a highly sensitive method for detecting lesions associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy. We report a case of atypical manifestation of hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] in a 60-year-old male patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy

Bronchial carcinoid presenting with abdominal pain

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are very rare pulmonary neoplasms. They usually present with pulmonary symptoms or paraneoplastic syndromes. Typical [well-differentiated] tumors are usually indolent with survival exceeding 90% after resection. Atypical carcinoids have a worse prognosis. They are much more likely to recur locally or to have distant metastases. This case report describes a patient who presented with abdominal pain and hepatic lesions who was subsequently diagnosed to have bronchial carcinoid

Imaging of moya moya disease

Moya Moya disease is a rare disease causing occlusion of the supraclinoid portions of the internal carotid arteries. The CT, MRI and Angiography findings of four patients of Moya Moya disease are presented. CT revealed presence of infarction in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and atrophy in all patients who had CT. CT was also able to detect abnormal vessels at basal ganglia in one patient. MRI was more informative and besides showing the infarctions and atrophy it also revealed abnormal Moya Moya vessels in all patients. Cerebral angiography is the most definitive method of diagnosis. It showed occlusion of supra clinoid portion of internal carotid arteries on both sides in three patients and on one side in one patient. It also showed pressure of Moya Moya vessels in all cases. It also showed collaterals from meningeal and ophthalmic arteries in all cases. Imaging findings of Moya Moya disease are very specific and provide early diagnosis

Selective hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial embolization [TAE] therapy for primary and metastatic malignant liver tumors

Large hepatocellular carcinaoma and hepatic metastases have remained a therapeutic challenge for quite a long time. Various methods have been tried such as percutaneous ethanol injection and selective hepatic arterial chemoinfusion. As most primary and secondary neoplasms of the liver receive their blood supply almost exclusively from the hepatic artery, transcatheter embolization of the hepatic artery is also being done in an attempt to control tumour growth. Selective hepatic arterial chemoinfusion followed by transcatheter arterial embolization is being done at Liaquat National Hospital for the management of primary and secondary malignant hepatic tumours. This report comprises three patients with a relatively long term follow up. No serious complication related to embolization occurred in these patients. The results in these and other patients are encouraging in suggesting that the combination of selective hepatic arterial chemoinfusion and transcatheter arterial embolization is an easy and effective method in the management of malignant hepatic masses