Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Characteristics of Parricide Offenders with Schizophrenia in Korea

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the personality characteristics in parricide offenders, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test, which is commonly used in clinical medicine. METHODS: A total of 73 parricide offenders with schizophrenia who were admitted to National Forensic Hospital in Gongju city between September 2014 and February 2015, and 104 comparison schizophrenia patients who had been admitted to Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan city the same hospital, completed the Korean version of the MMPI. RESULTS: The parricide offender group showed significantly higher on L, F, Hs, Hy and Pd than the comparison group. The result of the regression analysis indicated that Pd and Si significantly increased the odd ratio of the sexual offender group by 2.77 times and 0.32 times, respectively (p=0.029 and p=0.023). The offenders of parricide may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, hysteria and psychopathic deviate. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the offenders of parricide might be different, compared to the control group.

Research on the Etiology of Pedophilia through Monozygotic Twins with Pedophilia : A Case Report / 신경정신의학

Recent studies have suggested an association of genetic and neurodevelopmental factors with development of paraphilia. In this case report on monozygotic twins with pedophilia, we aim to offer additional evidence indicating that genetic vulnerability may be a significant risk factor along with environmental influences on development of pedophilia. These twin pairs, who have been arrested for sexual offenses against boys, had experienced emotional and physical abuse during their childhood, and the older twin brother is reported to have a history of sexual abuse. Both showed homosexual tendencies, and the younger twin brother was also diagnosed as exhibitionism. This case implies greater involvement of genetic factors and associated vulnerabilities in the etiology of paraphilia, including pedophilia, than environmental factors such as childhood abuse. In the future, conduct of research will be needed in order to determine the biological markers related to the etiology of pedophilia.

Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Pro -and Macro -Glycogen Utilization and Resynthesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type I, type II, & type IIb ) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart ). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups :animals fed standard chow diet (n =40 ), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n =40 ), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n =40 ), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n =40 ). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups :sacrificed at REST (n =8 ), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n =8 ), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n =8 ), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n =8 ), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n =8 ). Soleus (type I ), red gastrocnemius (type IIa ), white gastrocnemius (type IIb ), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p >.05 ). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p .05 ). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p <.01 ), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made :first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demon-strated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied.

The Effects of Dietary Interventions on mRNA Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Isoforms (PPAR Isoforms)in Rat Skeletal Muscle

We determined the effects of dietary manipulations on messenger RNA of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor isoforms (i.e., PPAR alpha, beta/delta, gamma)in red vastus lateralis muscle of rats. Total 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and animals were divided into one of two dietary conditions :either chow diet group (CHOW ;n =8 )in which animals were fed with standard rodent chow (61.8% carbohydrate, 15.7% fat, 22.5% protein )or high fat diet group (FAT n =8 ) in which animals were fed 24.3% carbohydrate, 52.8% fat, 22.9% protein. At the end of the 8 weeks of experimental pe-riod, red vastus lateralis muscle was dissected out from all animals, and PPAR alpha, beta/delta, gamma mRNA expression was deter-mined. There was no significant difference in body mass (BM )between CHOW and FAT. As expected, blood glucose and free fatty acid (FFA )concentration was higher in FAT than CHOW (p <0.05 ), and lactate concentration was significan-tly lower in FAT compared to CHOW (p <0.05 ). Insulin concentration tended to higher in FAT than CHOW (67.2 +/- 21.9 vs. 27.0 +/-5.2 pmol/L ), but it did not reach to the statistical significance. Gene expression of PPAR alpha was not signifi-cantly different between CHOW and FAT. It was not also significantly different in PPAR beta/delta. Interestingly, expression of mRNA in PPAR gamma however, was markedly depressed in FAT compared to CHOW (approximately 3 fold higher in CHOW ; p <0.05 ). Results obtained from present study implies that PPAR gamma (as compensatory function of PPAR alpha is expressed ) possibly exerts another major tuning roles in fatty acid transport, utilization, as well as biosynthesis in skeletal muscle cells. The situations and conditions that can be postulated for this implication need to be further examined.