Alteraciones del bulbo olfatorio identificadas por resonancia magnética en una cohorte de pacientes con anosmia tras COVID-19 / Olfactory bulb abnormalities identified using magnetic resonance in a cohort of patients with anosmia after COVID-19

Resumen Dentro de los síntomas que presentaron los pacientes que cursaron COVID-19 se documentó una importante incidencia de anosmia, asociada muchas veces a alteraciones en el gusto, sin una base fisiopatológica concluyente. La resonancia magnética proporciona datos estructurales morfológicos sobre el nervio olfatorio, el bulbo olfatorio y las cortezas primarias y secundarias. En esta serie de pacientes con anosmia posterior a COVID-19 se identificaron alteraciones estructurales de los bulbos olfatorios principalmente con elevación de la señal en secuencias T2, y en menor medida aumento de su volumen. Dichas características fueron interpretadas en probable relación con edema e inflamación posterior a la infección viral, observando en ciertos casos, además, asimetría de los bulbos olfatorios.

Abstract Anosmia, a frequent symptom among patients affected by COVID-19 and often associated with alterations in taste, does not have a clear pathophysiological basis in this context. Magnetic resonance imaging enables the structural assessment of the olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, and primary and secondary cortices. In this group of patients with post-COVID anosmia, were identified structural abnormalities at the level of the olfactory bulb mainly depicted as elevation of the signal in T2-weighted sequences, and to a lesser extent as an increase in their volume. These characteristics were interpreted in probable relation to edema and inflammation after the viral infection, showing in certain cases asymmetry of the olfactory bulbs.

Ocular cysticercosis in pediatric patient / Cisticercose ocular em paciente pediátrico

ABSTRACT Ocular cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium. Its early diagnosis and treatment decreases the possibility of visual morbidity. It can either compromise the anterior chamber or the posterior segment, which translates into an very variable and interspecific presentation that changes depending on the site of the infection. It is important to report this case due to its low presentation rate and the fact that a high suspicion index is required to make an assertive and timely diagnosis. This is especially important in geographical areas that are endemic to this parasite due to the direct relationship between an early diagnosis and treatment and better visual outcomes. In this case report, we will discuss the multidisciplinary interventions of a pediatric patient in a high complexity hospital.

RESUMO A cisticercose ocular é uma infecção parasitária causada pela Taenia solium. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoces diminuem a possibilidade de morbidade visual. Ela pode comprometer a câmara anterior ou o segmento posterior, o que se traduz em uma apresentação muito variável e interespecífica, que muda dependendo do local da infecção. É importante relatar esse caso devido à sua baixa taxa de apresentação e ao fato de que é necessário um alto índice de suspeita para fazer um diagnóstico assertivo e oportuno. Isso é especialmente importante em áreas geográficas endêmicas para esse parasita, devido à relação direta entre diagnóstico e tratamento precoces e melhores resultados visuais. Neste relato de caso, discutiremos as intervenções multidisciplinares de um paciente pediátrico em um hospital de alta complexidade.

Coronavirus: experiencia en el departamento de imágenes de un hospital universitario / Coronavirus: Experience in the radiology department of an university hospital

Resumen Objetivo: Dar a conocer la experiencia en nuestro departamento de imágenes y presentar los hallazgos de radiografía (Rx) y tomografía computada (TC) que hemos observado en nuestra serie de casos con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Método: Estudio retrospectivo analítico de los hallazgos de Rx y TC en una serie de pacientes que asistieron al servicio de urgencias por sospecha de COVID-19 en los hospitales universitarios dependientes de nuestra institución en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de mayo de 2020. Resultados: En el período de estudio se detectaron 127 casos de COVID-19 positivos en nuestra institución. A 57 (45%) de ellos se les realizó Rx. En 46 (80%) de ellas no mostraron hallazgos patológicos. En 8 (14%) pacientes se observaron opacidades parcheadas en vidrio esmerilado y en 3 (5%) en asociación con consolidaciones. La distribución fue predominantemente bilateral y en los lóbulos inferiores. A 11 pacientes se les realizó TC de tórax y 9 (81%) manifestaron infiltrados en vidrio esmerilado, mostrando preferencia por las áreas periféricas y los lóbulos superiores, asociándose a consolidaciones en 4 (36%) casos. Un paciente (9%) presentó patrón en empedrado y otros 2 mostraron opacidades (18%) redondeadas en vidrio esmerilado. Dos pacientes (18%) no tuvieron hallazgos patológicos. Como hallazgos atípicos, se evidenció derrame pleural en 2 pacientes (18%) y neumotórax en uno (9%) en uno de ellos. Conclusiones: Nuestra experiencia demostró como características frecuentes la presencia de opacidades parcheadas en vidrio esmerilado y consolidaciones parcheados de distribución predominantemente en los lóbulos inferiores.

Abstract Objective: To show the experience in our radiology department at X-ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Method: Retrospective analytical study of the radiological findings on X-ray and CT on a series of patients who attended the emergency department on suspicion of COVID-19 at university hospitals dependent of our institution in the period between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Results: During the study period, 127 cases of COVID-19 were detected in our institution. X-rays were performed in 57 (45%) of them, 46 (80%) of which did not show pathological findings. In total, 8 (14%)manifested as patchy ground glass opacities, and 3 (5%), in association with consolidations. The distribution was predominantly bilateral and in the lower lobes. Eleven patients underwent chest CT, 9 (81%) of these showed ground glass opacities, showing a preference for peripheral areas and upper lobes, associated with consolidations in 4 (36%) of them. One patient (9%) presented crazy paving and 2 rounded (18%) ground glass opacities. Two patients (18%) showed no pathological findings. As atypical findings, pleural effusion was evident in two (18%) patients, and pneumothorax, in one (9%). Conclusions: Our experience demonstrated the presence of patchy ground glass opacities and patchy consolidative opacities predominantly in the lower lobes as frequent features.