Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus type 2: association with age, sex, and body mass index: a cross sectional study

This study was aimed to determine the association of microalbuminuria with age gender, body mass index [BMI] and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]. Prospective Cross sectional. This study was carried out at District Head Quarter Hospital Mirpur Azad Kashmir from July 2011and June 2012. This study included 300 patients [199 females and 101 females] with T2DM of duration of six months to 43 years. The evaluation included structured questionnaires clinical, neurological examinations and laboratory tests. Negative for albumin in urine by albustic method and micral tests were used for estimation and categorization of microalbuminuria. Chi square test revealed statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with age [<0.015] blood sugars random [p <0.015] but no statistical significant association with gender, weight, and old and new diabetics. One sample t test had shown statistical significant association of degree of microalbuminuria with BMI [p<0.001], cholesterol [p<0.001] and numbers of years of diabetes [p<0.050] In type 2 diabetic statistical significant associations has shown between degree of microalbuminuria, age, blood sugars, cholesterol, body mass index and duration of diabetes mellitus

C reactive protein concentrations can predict metabolic syndrome in adults

This study analysedthe correlations between C reactive protein [CRP] serum concentrations and demographics and anthropometric aspects of developing metabolic syndrome components in adults. A cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in Azad Kashmir Sheik Khalifa Bin Zyad Hospital Muzaffarabad from March 2012 to April 2013. Demographic, anthropometic parameters of MS such as body mass index [BMI] and waist hips ratio [WEE], biochemical and clinical data were collected from 115 adults of age ranged between 22- 55yearsold. Adults BMI had direct correlation with CRP concentrations. In our study CRP concentrations were statistical significant correlated with age [r = 0.282, p = <0.002], BMI [r = 0.787, p = <0.001], waist hips ratio [r = 0.850, p =< 0.001] and weight [r = 0.662, p =<0.001]. The height had poor correlation with CRP [r = 0.101, p = 0.825].Thecorrected CRP [r = 0.101, p =0.825] was also poorly correlated to CRP concentrations. Statistical analysis has shown there is direct correlation between BMI, WHR and CRP concentrations which suggests that inflammation might be an important event in the development of metabolic disorders in adults

Response rate of standard interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C

Interferon combination therapy is used to eradicate the Hepatitis C Virus from infected individuals. HCV [hepatitis C virus] infections respond to standard conventional interferon [INF] therapy along with ribavirin [RBA].The aim of study was to look for response of chronic HCV infections to standard conventional combination interferon therapy and ribavirin. Interventional non randomized trial. This study was carried out at Azad Kashmir Combined Military Hospital [AK CMH]/Sheik Khalifa Bin Zyad [SKBZ] Muzaffarabad [MZD] from June 2009 to July 2012. A total of 210 patients were selected for interferon combination therapy. After confirmation of active HCV infection by PCR-RNA, conventional interferon alpha 2a with ribavirin [RBA] was given to patients for 6 months. After end of treatment [ETR], the efficacy was defined as sustained virological response [SVR] if HCV-RNA remained undetected 6 months after stoppage of combination interferon therapy. Out of total 210 patients, 144 [68.6%] showed SVR and 66 [31.4%] did not show SVR. Hence out of 68.6% were negative and 31.4% were positive for HCV RNA after 6 months of therapy. The non parametric chi squared showed age [p=<0.001], [age category p=<0.001], gender [p=<0.006], and HCV PCR response [p=<0.001] had statistical significant association. Conventional Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy [INF-RBA] remains effective in chronic hepatitis naïve patients. HCV-RNA qualitative PCR test at 6 month of ETR is important predictor of SVR. The response of antiviral therapy against HCV infection in chronic HCV patients is 68.6%. The high response rate may be due to the prevalence of IFN-responsive HCV genotypes type 3 in our country

Correlation of BMI with cholesterol and sugar in adults

This study was aimed to find the correlation of BMI with cholesterol and sugar level in adult. This study was carried out in Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Quita from 2006 to 2009. Prospective observational cross sectional studies. Individuals with different ages, sex were selected as study population. The cholesterol and fasting blood sugar were measured according to standard protocol. Height in centimeter and weight in kilograms of each individual was recorded and BMI calculated as kg/m[2]. Physical examination was done for everybody. The SPSS-20 was used for statistical significant analysis. The frequencies of variable and correlation between BMI, heights, weight, sugar and cholesterol were comprehensively analyzed. A total of 2,174 adults, 1,947 [89.56%] male and 227 [10.44%] female were included in study. Age range was between 20 and 55years.The mean age was 38.47 +/- 12.66. Mean BMI was 23.57 +/- 2.58.Mean cholesterol was4.57 +/- .60. Mean fasting blood sugar [FBS] was 4.67 +/- .75.Mean weight 70.32 +/- 9.1 Mean height 172.73 +/- .7.85.The correlation analysis revealed that weight, fasting blood sugar [FBS] and cholesterol had positive correlation with BMI [correlation coefficient of 0.734 [p<0.000], 0.167 [p<0.000], 0.164 [p<0.000] respectively and height had negative correlation with BMI [-0.123 [p<0.000]. BMI is positively correlated with weight, RBS and cholesterol. The effect of age, sex, exercise and current medical status, this correlation is reduced