Adenovirus-mediated delivery of bcl-2 gene attenuates cisplatin-induced degeneration of cultured spiral ganglion cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the bcl-2 gene in cultured spiral ganglion cells (SGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SGC from P3 rats were cultured in vitro and exposed to adenovirus vector carrying green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP), followed by immunocytochemical analysis for expression of the neuron-specific marker Neurofilament 200 (NF200) and detection under laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. Then, SGC were transduced by Ad-bcl-2 and the expression of human bcl-2 protein was evaluated by Western Blot. Finally, the cultures of SGC were divided into 4 groups: the group of Ad-bcl-2 transfection followed by cisplatin treatment, the group of Ad-GFP transfection followed by cisplatin treatment, the group of cisplatin treatment only and the untreated group. Cisplatin worked for 48 hours at a concentration of 2 microg/ml. Outcome measures included survival number of SGC and longest neurite length by using ImageJ software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SGC were cultured successfully in vitro and transfected by adenovirus vector safely and efficiently. By Western Blot, human bcl-2 protein was expressed in the group after exposure to Ad-bcl-2, but not in the Ad-GFP transfected SGC. Cisplatin exposure resulted in shrinking of neuritis and pyknosis of cell body, even cell death. Expression of bcl-2 in the SGC provided a significant level of protection against cisplatin-induced SGC degeneration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results suggest that SGC can be transduced by adenovirus vector safely and efficiently in vitro. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of the bcl-2 gene attenuates cisplatin-induced SGC degeneration.</p>

A therapeutic anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody inhibits T cell receptor signal transduction in mouse autoimmune cardiomyopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>T cell immune abnormalities in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been intensively studied over the past 10 years. Our previous study has suggested that immunization of mice with the peptides derived from human adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) result in the production of autoantibodies against the ANT and histopathological changes similar to those in human DCM. The ANT peptides can induce autoimmune cardiomyopathy like DCM in Balb/c mice. In this study we aimed to focus on the molecular mechanism of T cells in the autoimmune cardiomyopathy mouse model by detecting the expression of the two T cell signaling molecules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ANT peptides were used to cause autoimmune cardiomyopathy in Balb/c mice. Anti-L3T4 or rat anti-mouse IgG was administered to the mice (n = 6 in each group) simultaneously immunized with ANT. ELISA analysis was used to detect autoantibodies against the ANT peptides and the percentages of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 producing cells among splenic CD4(+) lymphocytes was determined by using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of CD45 in spleen T cells was determined by immunohistochemistry and the mRNAs of T cell signaling molecules were detected by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment of ANT immunized Balb/c mice with anti-CD4 mAb caused a reduction in the gene expression of P56lck and Zap-70 and a lower level of CD45 expression by spleen T cells. Also, a reverse of the Th1/Th2 ratio that results in the reduced production of antibodies against ANT was found in the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) group. Whereas irrelevant antibody (rat anti-mouse IgG) did not suppress T cell signaling molecules nor inhibit CD45 expression, and control-antibody mice did not show any significant differences compared with the DCM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results show that anti-CD4 mAb is a powerful inhibitor of the early initiating events of T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction in mouse autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy.</p>

Significance of novel HBV expression vectors in selecting antiviral drugs in clinical therapy / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new method for rapidly selecting anti-hepatitis B virus drugs in clinical therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes from 8 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients were resistant to lamivudine therapy. Their HBV DNA fragments were inserted into Sap I site of pHY106 eukaryotic expression vector separately. The recombinant plasmids containing 1.1 copies of HBV genome were transfected into Huh7 cell line; the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in supernatants of Huh7 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR, and intracellular HBV replicative intermediates were detected by Southern blot. Antiviral effects of lamivudine and adefovir were evaluated in this vitro system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 8 recombinant plasmids containing a full-length genome of clinical HBV isolates could replicate and be expressed in Huh 7 cells. There were 6 isolates with polymerase YVDD mutations and 2 isolates with polymerase YIDD mutations. Adefovir, but not lamivudine, inhibited the HBV replication and gene expression in vitro. Furthermore, adefovir inhibited HBV replication in these CHB patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method described here enables a rapid selection of anti-HBV drugs in clinical therapy and is very useful in antiviral therapy for CHB patients.</p>

Antiviral Effect of Interferon-Induced Guanylate Binding Protein-1 against Coxsackie Virus and Hepatitis B Virus B3 in Vitro / 中国病毒学

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.

Construction and Characterization of a Hepatitis B Virus Replicon / 中国病毒学

To establish a replication cellular model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine its application in antiviral drug evaluation,we constructed an expression plasmid which contained 1.3 copies of the HBV genome,and measured the level of viral replication after transient transfection in Huh7 cells.We then observed the effect of antiviral drug administration.1.3 fold of the HBV(ayw) gene fragment was cloned into pCR2.1 by PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion.The recombinant plasmid was trans ient transfected into Huh7 cells,HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA in supernatant of Huh7 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively; intracellular HBV replicative intermediates and intracellular HBV transcripts were detected by Southern blot and Northern blot respectively.The antiviral effect of adefovir,a novel anti-HBV nucleotide analogue,was evaluated in this cellular model system.The results indicated that a recombinant plasmid of HBV replicon was constructed successfully; the HBV genome carried in plasmid pHBV1.3 could efficiently replicate and be expressed in Huh 7 cells,adefovir could inhibit HBV replication in this cellular model,and the inhibition was dosage-dependent.The conclusion is HBV replicon,which can initiate viral replication efficiently in hepatoma cells,may be a useful tool in the study of HBV replication and antiviral drug.

Expression of interferon alpha family gene of Chinese marmot in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the function of interferon alpha (IFNalpha) in a Chinese marmot model of hepatitis B, we expressed the Chinese marmot (Marmota himalayana) IFNalpha family gene (IFNA) in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression plasmids harboring Chinese marmot interferon alpha gene with different genotypes were generated using molecular cloning technology. We detected the biological activity of all expression products by viral protection assay, and analyzed their differences and species restriction of the biological activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Chinese marmot functional genotype IFNalpha was expressed in the baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line, and these products protected WH12/6 cells challenged by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). The Chinese marmot IFN-alpha5 also expressed in E. Coli induced by IPTG, and purified fusion protein had antiviral biological activity. The biologic activity displayed differences among different subtype IFNalpha, and it had strict species restriction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The IFNalpha family gene of the Chinese marmot can be expressed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and the expression products show antiviral activity in a protection assay. This study provides, for the first time, evidence that IFNalpha from the Chinese marmot has an antiviral function in vitro and can be used to improve the efficacy of current therapies for HBV infection in our Chinese marmot model.</p>

RT-PCR essay for enterovirus of viral encephalitis patients / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To understand the effects of mRNA assay for enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on clinical diagnosis and therapy of viral encephalitis. Methods RT-PCR with one pair of picornaviridae-specific primer (PSP) against the conserved 5'noncoding region of enterovirus (EV) was employed to investigate enterovirus RNA in CSF of 43 patients who were diagnosed as viral encephalitis by their clinical features.The patients' symptoms, abnormal signs and laboratory evaluation including routine examinations of CSF,CSF biochemistry, antibodies to other virus in CSF, cranial computed tomography (CT), cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were observed and statistically analyzed by Student's tests. Results By the CSF EV RT-PCR, 18 out of 43 patients, most of them male, were tested to be EV positive (41.9%), and their symptoms and signs were not significantly different from that of EV negative. The albumen and cell content in CSF of the patients of EV positive was higher than patients of negative. Sometimes antibodies to other virus could be found in serum of EV positive patients.Conclusion Viral encephalitis owing to enterovirus has higher morbidity and sometimes goes with other virus infection. The results of EV RT-PCR are not always consistent with that of serum assay. The result of EV RT-PCR could be used to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

SiRNA expression cassettes targeting VEGF effectively inhibit the growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of siRNA expression cassettes (SECs) targeting VEGF in vitro on cultured Hep-2 cells, the observation of the expression of VEGF, the screening of the best interference sequences, and the exploration of the application of RNA interference on tumor gene therapy in the future.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the basis of the principle of target sequence of siRNA, four interference sequences of VEGF were designed, and the downstream gene-specific primers of the SECs were synthesized. The RNAi transcription kit used U6 RNA-based polymerase III promoter and modified terminator for high level, precise siRNA expression inside target cells. The Hep-2 cells was transfected in growth period of index with the PCR products of the four sites separately, and began to observe and measure the results of RNA interference in 48 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The transfected 1366-site cells created, turned into the round shape and began to shed off, whereas morphology of the cells of other groups had not obviously changed. Performing the agarose gels electrophoresis with RT-PCR products, compared with the contrast groups, some cells VEGF mRNA of 1366-site were suppressed obviously, the ratio of OD was 0. 05 while the expression of VEGF of the cell of other groups had not obviously changed. Western blot revealed that VEGF expression was decreased obviously post transfection using 1366-site SECs. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rate of 1366-site transfected cells is 43%, and apoptosis rate of the rest three site transfected cells scarcely changed. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study suggested that siRNA expression cassettes (SECs) targeting VEGF 1366-site can effectively inhibit the growth laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2).</p>