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Objective:To observe any effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics and bladder c-Kit expression in rats with urination disorders after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Complete spinal cord injury models were created in female Sprague-Dawley rats by transecting the spine at the thoracic or sacral level. On day 22 after the injury, the rats with successful modeling were randomized into a thoracic spinal cord injury (TSCI) group, a TSCI+ EA group, a sacral spinal cord injury (SSCI) group and an SSCI+ EA group, each of 10. Both EA groups were given 15 minutes of EA at the Guanyuan (CV4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points daily for 14 days. After the intervention, urination function was evaluated using bladder volume, compliance and residual urine volume. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe any morphological changes in bladder tissues. The gene and protein expression of c-Kit in bladder tissues were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blotting.Results:Compared with the sham group, the bladder volume and compliance of the TSCI group decreased significantly, while the average residual urine volume increased significantly. In the SSCI group the average residual urine volume, bladder volume and compliance all increased significantly. The modeling altered the morphology of the bladder in all of the SCI rats. The average expression of c-Kit mRNA and protein increased significantly in TSCI group, but both decreased significantly in the SSCI group. EA improved the histological structure of the SCI rats′ bladders.Conclusions:EA can bi-directionally regulate bladder c-Kit expression, and that is a possible mechanism for improving urinary incontinence and urine retention after an SCI.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Methods Published articles from the earliest date available to July, 2016 were recalled from PubMed, OVID, Embase, Co-chrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Database. Two reviewers selected independently the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about rT-MS for stroke patients with unilateral spatial neglect, and extracted data independently and analyzed with RevMan 5.3 and GRADE profiler 3.6. Results Twelve trials that represented 353 participants were evaluated. For improving Line Bisection Test, Star Cancellation Test, Albert Test, rTMS groups were significantly more effective than the controls. rTMS groups with different frequencies all showed significantly effec-tive:for low frequency rTMS, SMD=-1.21, 95%CI=-2.17 to-0.25;for high frequency rTMS, SMD=-2.56, 95%CI=-3.54 to-1.58;for continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), SMD=-2.51, 95%CI=-3.66 to-1.36. Conclusion rTMS is effective on unilateral spatial neglec-tin in stroke patients.
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@#This article proposes a novel occupational practice model implied from the native concept of Taiji Diagram. Four elements of Taiji Diagram, namely Yang-fish, Yin-fish, Yin-fish-eye and Yang-fish-eye, are matched to the elements of occupational practice, namely person, environment, economic condition and mental condition, respectively. The interaction between persons and their environment can be thought as the interaction between Yin and Yang, and the balance would be focused on. Some different ideas may be brought from this model, such as Appropriate Challenge, Appropriate Empowerment.
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@#This article proposes a novel occupational practice model implied from the native concept of Taiji Diagram. Four elements of Taiji Diagram, namely Yang-fish, Yin-fish, Yin-fish-eye and Yang-fish-eye, are matched to the elements of occupational practice, namely person, environment, economic condition and mental condition, respectively. The interaction between persons and their environment can be thought as the interaction between Yin and Yang, and the balance would be focused on. Some different ideas may be brought from this model, such as Appropriate Challenge, Appropriate Empowerment.
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Lumbar dysfunction closely relates to the weakness or deficiency of lumbar proprioception, and accurate and comprehensive lumbar proprioception test is the important basis of training program formulation, efficacy assessment and prognostic evaluation. Compre-hensive lumbar proprioception test includes position sense test, kinesthesia test and vibration sense test. It has been widely used in clinic at abroad, and is rich in test equipments and methods. Domestic research is still at the preliminary stage in this field, and is lack of accurate, ob-jective and unified test methods. According to an overview of relevant literature, this article discussed the lumbar proprioception test meth-ods, the influential factors and reliability of the test, finally, put forward the prospects about the research direction in this field.
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@#Lumbar dysfunction closely relates to the weakness or deficiency of lumbar proprioception, and accurate and comprehensive lumbar proprioception test is the important basis of training program formulation, efficacy assessment and prognostic evaluation. Comprehensive lumbar proprioception test includes position sense test, kinesthesia test and vibration sense test. It has been widely used in clinic at abroad, and is rich in test equipments and methods. Domestic research is still at the preliminary stage in this field, and is lack of accurate, objective and unified test methods. According to an overview of relevant literature, this article discussed the lumbar proprioception test methods, the influential factors and reliability of the test, finally, put forward the prospects about the research direction in this field.
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@#Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation(c-tDCS) on the upper extremities of patients with stroke. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Ovid,China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of c-tDCS in the treatment of the upper extremities of patients with stroke from the date of establishment of the databases to July 2013. The bibliographies of the retrieved studies were also searched. 2 independent researchers evaluated the included studies using the risk of bias provided by Cochrane Library. The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 10 trials were discovered. Compared with the sham tDCS group, the c-tDCS group which stimulated the area of primary motor cortex (M1) did not increase the score of Fugl- Meyer Assessment (upper extremity) [WMD=0.11, 95%CI: -5.77~5.99, Z=0.04, P=0.97] and Jebsen-Taylor Test [WMD=-1.52, 95%CI: -4.94~1.90, Z=0.87, P=0.38]. According to the Jadad Score of included studies, 2 of them were of low quality and 8 of them were of high quality. Conclusion Currently, no evidence shows that c-tDCS can improve the upper extremities function of stroke patients more than sham tDCS.
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@#Per2 gene plays one of the most critical roles of clock gene which modulates circadian rhythm both in the physiological, biochemical and behavioral processes of organisms. The distributions of per2 gene include suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, central nucleus of amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus and other components of limbic system; it affects the emotional and visceral activities through participating in the system of circadian rhythm. The central per2 gene regulates the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis through integration of light input, steroid hormones and other neurotransmitters integration, acting on the target organs, and presentes a circadian rhythm of movement. This article reviewed the morphology and biology of per2 gene, and its participation in limbic system regulating the circadian rhythm of motional and visceral activities.