Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010).

Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Public health crises, such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec. 2019, are widely acknowledged as severe traumatic events that impose threats not only because of physical concerns but also because of the psychological distress of infected patients. We designed an internet-based integrated intervention and evaluated its efficacy on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with antidepressant medication in treatment of first-episode patients with major depression / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the early therapeutic and cognitive effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with antidepressant medication in treatment of first-episode patients with major depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty first-episode depressed inpatients aged 18-45 y, who met the DSM-IV clinical criteria for major depressive episode were randomly assigned to citalopram treatment (20 mg/d) in combination with a two-week period of either rTMS (study group)or sham procedure (control group) on left dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (10 Hz, 90% motor threshold). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess the severity of depression. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) were used to assess cognitive function of depression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The response rate was significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group after treatment (57% compared with 29%,P<0.05). The HAMD scores significantly declined after treatment in two groups, and the study group showed lower scores compared to the control group after 2 weeks (P<0.01). Neuropsychological assessments showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the significant improvement in the categories on WCST in study group compared to the baseline (P<0.05) and the control group (P<0.05)after 2 weeks treatment. No serious event occurred in the patients during the rTMS study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>10 Hz rTMS enhances early effects of citalopram and improves cognitive function in first-episode major depressive patients.</p>

A survey of mental health among transferred injured survivors in Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the depression and anxious status among transferred injured survivors in Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 43 transferred injured survivors were investigated by questionnaire exploring their trauma symptoms and mental health status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High rates of trauma symptoms were remarkably observed in these survivors. Of all the respondents, 60% had some emotional symptoms and sleeping difficulties. About one third of respondents experienced recurrent and intrusive distressing recollection of event, 16 (37.21%) experienced nightmare, 15 (34.88%) had flashback and 7 (16.28%) of them tried to avoid relative stress.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Many mental symptoms were observed in transferred injured survivors. The two major factors of mental stress were emotional symptoms and re-experience of the disaster.</p>

Application of the triage assessment system for a rapid assessment of mental health of the referral wounded and their family members in Wenchuan earthquake / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To quickly assess the psychological status of the wounded who were transferred in the earthquake and their family members, as to promoting the system of psychological crisis intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The triage assessment system was used to the 44 wounded and 37 family members, additionally, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) for related analysis were also administrated to verify the effectiveness of screening of the triage assessment system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 79 wounded and their families in the triage assessment system, the score of emotion in the wounded group was (3.07 +/- 1.38), the score of cognition was (2.34 +/- 1.39), the score of behavior was (2.71 +/- 1.47), and the total score was (8.12 +/- 3.69); the score of emotion in the family group was (2.51 +/- 1.27), the score of cognition was (1.57 +/- 0.85), the score of behavior was (1.71 +/- 1.02), and the total score was (5.80 +/- 2.61). There were significant differences in the family and the wounded group in cognition, behavior and the total (t(cognition) = 2.853, P = 0.006; t(behavior) = 3.366, P = 0.001; t(total) = 3.116, P = 0.003). Both the depression and anxiety symptoms in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were 11.48 +/- 7.62, 9.23 +/- 5.64, and 8.49 +/- 4.87, 9.38 +/- 7.05, respectively. In the emotion, cognition, behavior and total scores of the triage assessment system related to higher with HAMD and HAMA were r(emotion-HAMD) = 0.393, P = 0.001; r(emotion-HAMA) = 0.443, P = 0.000; r(cognition-HAMD) = 0.434, P = 0.000; r(cognition-HAMA) = 0.240, P = 0.037; r(behavior-HAMD) = 0.529, P = 0.000; r(behavior-HAMA) = 0.256, P = 0.026; r(total-HAMD) = 0.517, P = 0.000; r(total-HAMA) = 0.369, P = 0.001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The triage assessment system should be the reliable method for an assessment featured by a rapid, accurate and simple one in screening and monitoring.</p>

Reliability and validity of the self-reporting questionnaire for assessing mental health applied in Wenchuan earthquake / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the reliability and validity of the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), and to make a rapid assessment on mental health among victims in sudden crisis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The SRQ-20 which is on appendix of the Ministry of Health adopted as "emergency psychological crisis intervention guiding principles" was administrated among 1222 victims in Wenchuan earthquake. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by split-half coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient; the validity was tested by means of principal component factor analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The self-reporting questionnaire and split-half coefficient was 0.748, each item of Cronbach's alpha in the reliability coefficient was between in 0.778 to 0.789, overall Cronbach's alpha in the reliability coefficient was 0.792. There were five main components in principal component factor analysis: lacking of power, somatization/biological symptoms, depression thought, emotions and awareness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) should have good reliability, and validity, and China's psychological crisis intervention in processing assessment of the mental health should be a fast, accurate and effective screening tool.</p>

Effect of exogenous androgen on structures of sexually dimorphism nucleus in preoptic area and anteroventral periventricular nucleus before sexual differentiation in female rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of androgen on sexually dimorphism nucleus in preoptic area (SDN-POA) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) before sexual differentiation of the brain in female rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neonatal female SD rats (n=12) were randomly divided into two groups: androgen group and control group. Twenty-four hours after birth animals were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50 microl of testosterone propionate (TP,10.0 g/L) or aseptic oil as control. The rats were sacrificed 60 days after the injection and the brains were collected for crystal violet staining. LEICA Q Win system was applied in detecting the boundaries of SDN-POA and AVPV, then the volumes of SDN-POA and AVPV were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The volumes of SDN-POA in androgen group were significantly larger than those in control group [(16.77+/-2.68) vs (8.99+/-1.42)mm(3)x10(-3), P<0.01], while the volumes of AVPV in androgen group were significantly smaller than those in control group [(9.14+/-1.16) vs (14.62+/-2.80)mm(3)x10(-3), P<0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exogenous androgen rendered before sexual differentiation in female rats results in enlargement of SDN-POA volumes and reduction of AVPV.</p>

Different patterns of aversive emotion regulation in homosexual and heterosexual men / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences between homosexual and heterosexual men in the pattern of induced aversive emotion regulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten healthy homosexual men and 10 heterosexual men were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging under three types of visual sexual stimuli designed by Block. SPM2 software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Same levels of negative emotions of homosexual men and heterosexual were induced by female-female and male-male erotic stimuli respectively. Activations of same brain regions including prefrontal gyrus, temporal gyrus, occipital gyrus and cerebellum were observed in two groups. However, there were significant differences in the side of hippocampus and precuneus. Activations of right cingulate cortex were observed in homosexual men, but not in heterosexual men.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some differences in the patterns of aversive emotion regulation between homosexual and heterosexual men.</p>

Levels of common knowledge on common psychiatric disorders and therapeutic means taken in general population: effects of education level and living area / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in level of common knowledge toward common psychiatric disorders and means of therapy in general population, resulting from different education levels and living areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 4,614 persons over 15 years of age recruited from general population in Zhejiang Province via stratified randomly sampling, were classified by education levels as illiteracy, primary school level, high school level, and college level. Each group was thus divided into two categories according to the person's living areas, ie urban and rural area. The level of common knowledge about psychosis and means of therapy were measured by a questionnaire administered to all subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of knowledge of neurasthenic was the highest, reaching to 71.1%, then of knowledge of schizophrenia and depression, was 47.9% and 39.3% respectively, and the rate of knowledge of alcohol dependence, mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder was lower than 20%. The rate of knowledge of the 6 common psychiatric disorders was higher in people from urban area, than from rural areas. The rate of knowledge of common psychiatric disorders was increased correspondingly to the increase of the education level among the people residing at the same living area. The main means of therapy the people selected was western medicine and psychology, reaching at 24.0% and 34.8% respectively. There were significant differences among the people with different education levels but from the same living areas, and the people with lower education levels were likely to choose the therapy of western medicine, on the other hand, the people with higher education levels were tending to choose the therapy of psychology.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The popularization of the knowledge and the education about mental health should be reinforced, as to improving the knowledge about mental health, choosing a correct means of therapy to the common psychiatric disorders and promoting the mental health status of the population.</p>

Extracorporeal shock-wave versus pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of lower ureteral calculi / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To compare the efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 1997 to June 1999, 210 patients with calculi in the distal third of the ureter were treated with SWL and the other 180 with URS. The stones were fragmented with either HB-ESWL-V lithotripter or JML-93 pneumatic lithotripter through Wolf 7.5 approximately 9.0 Fr ureteroscope. The outcome was assessed in terms of stone clearance rate, re-treatment rate and complication incidence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stone clearance rate was 78.1 % with SWL and 93.3 % with URS (P<0.05). SWL had a re-treatment rate of 11.9 %, vs 2.2 % in the URS group (P<0.05). URS caused ureteral perforation in 3.3% of patients, while it was 0 with SWL (P<0.05). The differences in the incidence of other complications such as infection and stricture between the two groups were insignificant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Though the selection of these two options depends on equipments available and the expertise of the operator, we recommend URS as the optimal treatment for distal ureteral calculi.</p>