Effect of tympanoplasty on wet ear with different mucosal status of tympanic cavity / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. @*Method@#According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. @*Result@#There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （P>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （P<0.01）. The ABG was decreased from （25.5 ± 10.8） dB to（15.4 ± 9.4） dB in the hydrocele group, and decreased from （27.6 ± 8.7） dB to （15.2 ± 9.6） dB in the swelling group, and from （29.5 ± 7.7） dB to （17.2 ± 17.2） dB in the granulation group. The graft take rates were 90.0% in totally. There were no significant difference in graft take rates among the three groups, and 84.6% in the hydrocele group, 93.3% in the swelling group and 100.0% in the swelling group（P>0.05）. @*Conclusion@#Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

Effect of tympanoplasty on wet ear with different mucosal status of tympanic cavity / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （0.05）. Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

Application of 3D printing in the flipped classroom in practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the application of 3D printing in the flipped classroom in the practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods A total of 68 medical undergraduates of the Grade 2013 in Air Force Medical University were divided into experimental group and control group, with 34 undergraduates in each group. The undergraduates in the experimental group received the teaching method of 3D printing in the with flipped classroom , and those in the control group received traditional teaching. The teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire and examinations of basic knowledge and clinical skills, Independent-samples t test was used for between-group comparison with SPSS 20.0. Results Compared with the control group , the experimental group had significantly higher scores in theoretical examinations (34.79 ±2.20 vs. 31.73 ±3.12, t=4.676, P=0.000) and clinical skill examination (50.06 ±2.98 vs. 45.82 ±4.68, t=4.449, P=0.000). The questionnaire survey showed that among the 34 undergraduates in the experimental group, 31(91.2％) thought that the new teaching method could increase their learning interest, 33 (97.0％) believed it could improve learning efficiency, 25 (73.5％) believed the models obtained by 3D printing had good quality, 32 (94.1％) felt that it could improve clinical skills, 28 (82.4％) thought it could enhance the interaction between students and teachers, and 29(85.3％) thought it did not bring extra burden. Conclusion The teaching method of 3D printing combined with flipped classroom in the practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery can improve students' learning interest, academic scores, and clinical skills, and therefore, it holds promise for application in teaching.

Application of 3D printing in the flipped classroom in practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective@#To investigate the application of 3D printing in the flipped classroom in the practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.@*Methods@#A total of 68 medical undergraduates of the Grade 2013 in Air Force Medical University were divided into experimental group and control group, with 34 undergraduates in each group. The undergraduates in the experimental group received the teaching method of 3D printing in the with flipped classroom, and those in the control group received traditional teaching. The teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire and examinations of basic knowledge and clinical skills, Independent-samples t test was used for between-group comparison with SPSS 20.0.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in theoretical examinations (34.79±2.20 vs. 31.73±3.12, t=4.676, P=0.000) and clinical skill examination (50.06±2.98 vs. 45.82±4.68, t=4.449, P=0.000). The questionnaire survey showed that among the 34 undergraduates in the experimental group, 31(91.2%) thought that the new teaching method could increase their learning interest, 33(97.0%) believed it could improve learning efficiency, 25(73.5%) believed the models obtained by 3D printing had good quality, 32(94.1%) felt that it could improve clinical skills, 28 (82.4%) thought it could enhance the interaction between students and teachers, and 29(85.3%) thought it did not bring extra burden.@*Conclusion@#The teaching method of 3D printing combined with flipped classroom in the practice teaching of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery can improve students' learning interest, academic scores, and clinical skills, and therefore, it holds promise for application in teaching.

Video head impulse test in peripheral vestibular diseases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The function of the semicircular canal receptors and the pathway of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) can be diagnosed with the clinical head impulse test. The aim of the study was to investigate the horizontal VOR by means of video head impulse test in peripheral vestibular disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the vHIT, we examined horizontal semicircular canal VOR in a group of 55 patients and a control group of 20 healthy subjects. The group of patients included 10 cases of vestibular neuritis (VN), 6 cases of vestibular schwannoma (VS), 12 cases of Meniere's disease (MD), and 15 cases of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV), as well as 13 cases of idiopathic sudden hearing loss with vertigo (ISHL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Instantaneous gains of 40 ms, 60 ms and 80 ms of horizontal VOR were 0.88 ± 0.17, 0.94 ± 0.13 and 0.96 ± 0.13, respectively. Regression gain at 60 ms was 0.99 ± 0.11, and asymmetry was 5.6 ± 3.5. Normal range of 60 ms instantaneous gain was > 0.73, normal range of regression gain was > 0.80. Abnormal vHIT was found in VS (100%), VN (90.9%), BV (86.7%), MD (40.0%) and ISHL (38.5%). Three conditions of refixation saccades occurred in cases with abnormal VOR: isolated covert saccades (12.5%), isolated overt saccades (45.0%) and the combination of overt and covert saccades (42.5%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The vHIT detects abnormal VOR changes in the combination of gain assessment and refixation saccades. Since isolated covert saccades in VOR changes can only be seen with vHIT, peripheral vestibular disorders are likely to be misdiagnosed with the HIT.</p>

A Genetic AnaIysis of 800 Non-syndromic Deafness Patients from Shanxi Province / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective The patients with non-syndromic deafness in Shanxi Province were retrospectively an_alyzed for the common deafness gene mutations and frequency of mutations carrying rate ,to understand the molecu_lar pathogenesis of deafness in Shanxi area .Methods Genomic DNAs of 800 patients of non -syndromic deafness within Shanxi were obtained from peripheral blood .Genes GJB2 ,GJB3 ,SLC26A4 and mitochondrial 12SrRNA 1494 and 1555 loci were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and compared with the NCBI website for the analysis of the formation of mutations .ResuIts Among 800 patients ,353 cases (44 .13% ) showed detected deafness related mutations and the genetic etiology was found for 294 patients (36 .75% ) .Among them , 153 cases (19 .13% ) carried double allele mutations in the GJB2 gene .The most frequent mutation of GJB2 gene was 235delC ,and the carrying rate was 13 .5% (216/1 600) .The double mutant allele of SLC26A4 gene was detec_ted in 123 cases (15 .38% ) ,and the most common mutation was IVS7-2A>G ,identified in 7 .44% (119/1 600) of patients .Homogenic mitochondrial 12S rRNA 1494C> T mutation in one patient and 1555A> G mutation in 15 patients were detected .GJB3 gene c .538C > T heterozygous mutation was found in two patients .Altogether , 36 .75% (294/800) of patients with deafness were caused by gene mutations .ConcIusionThe data containing GJB2 gene and SLC26A4 gene carrying rate are consistent with the published data of non-syndromic deafness in the Northwest region of China ,but the carrying rate of mitochondrial gene mutations is lower than the average level of China .Our data show that the gene mutations contribute to 36 .75% of etiology in patients with deafness .This study reflects the importance of deafness related genes screening in Shanxi area for early diagnosis and genetic con_sultation .

Vagus nerve preserving pericardial devascularization with subtotal splenectomy for the treatment of portal hypertension / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of vagus nerve preserving pericardial devascularization plus subtotal splenectomy in treating portal hypertension with a history of variceal bleeding.Methods The clinical data of 33 cases of portal hypertension with variceal hemorrhage treated with vagus nerve preserving selective pericardial devascularization plus subtotal splenectomy from April 2004 to December 2013 (study group) were compared with that of 34 cases treated with pericardial devascularization plus splenectomy (control group).Results There was no mortality in two groups.The postoperative gastric drainage during the first 72 h were(1 525 ±30) ml in the study group and (2 130 ±40) ml in control group(P ＜0.05).Portal vein thrombosis developed in one case in the study group and 15 cases in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative 3-year recurrent gastroesophageal varices hemorrhage was 15％ in the study group and 25％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative 5-year variceal hemorrhage recurrence rate were 28％ in the study group and 30％ in the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Maitaining vagus nerve selective pericardial devascularization plus subtotal splenectomy is of less postoperative complication and lower portal vein thrombosis rate and better patients' survival compared with pericardial devascularizatim plus total splenectomy.

Retrospective study on the hearing improvement and postoperative perforation rates in 121 myringoplasty cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Retrospectively analyzed the influences of preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance tests and intraoperative wet ear findings in myringoplasty surgery results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-one chronic suppurative otitis media patients underwent myringoplasty surgeries were included and divided into functional group and non-functional group according to preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance tests. Meanwhile, cases were divided into dry ear group and wet ear group according to intraoperative findings. Postoperative hearing improvement and perforation rate were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Functional group had 72 cases, including 58 dry ears and 14 wet ears. Non-functional group had 46 cases, including 19 dry ears and 27 wet ears. Postoperative hearing improvement rate in functional group was 85.5% (59/69), and 72.1% (31/43) in non-functional group (χ(2) = 2.230, P = 0.093). Perforation rate in functional group was 16.7% (12/72), significant higher when compared with 2.2% (1/46) in non-functional group (χ(2) = 4.626, P = 0.015). Postoperative hearing improvement rate in dry ear group was 85.3% (64/75), and 71.8% (28/39) in wet ear group (χ(2) = 2.213, P = 0.085) . Perforation rate in dry ear group was 12.8% (10/78), and 7.0% (3/43) in wet ear group (χ(2) = 0.472, P = 0.377).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Non-functional result of preoperative acoustic immittance pressure balance test had significant relationship with the intraoperative wet ear findings. It may result in lower postoperative hearing level, and lower perforation rate. Large sample studies should be carried out in future.</p>

Inhibition of Th2 reaction by thymic stromal lymphopoietin blockade in vitro / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on transformation of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse-derived immature dendritic cells and T lymphocytes were co-cultured in vitro, which were divided into 4 groups (TSLP stimulation group, TSLP stimulation and its receptor blocking group, ovalbumin stimulation group and ovalbumin stimulation and TSLP receptor blocking group). IL-4, IL-8 and IFN-β in cell culture supernatant were detected after 2 days by ELISA. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-4 levels of TSLP receptor blocking groups [(48.84 ± 1.56) pg/ml, (52.53 ± 2.36) pg/ml]were significantly lower than those of corresponding TSLP stimulation group and ovalbumin stimulation group [(72.55 ± 7.76) pg/ml, (80.47 ± 21.93) pg/ml;t = 5.994, P < 0.05;t = 2.534, P < 0.05]. However, there were not significant differences of IL-8 and IFN-β expression between corresponding two groups of whether or not TSLP receptor blocking (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSLP receptor blockade in vitro can inhibit T lymphocyte transformation to Th2, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for clinical Th2 dominant diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma.</p>

AIF Distribution and Expression in CuItured SpiraI GangIion Neuron Injured by GIutamate / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective The study aimed to explore the relationship between AIF related pathway and the inju-ring of cultured SGNs (spiral ganglion neurons)by glutamate toxicity,and to find AIF expression and distribution changes in SGNs.Methods SGNs of 40 newborn rats within 3 day were obtained and cultured in vitro.Cultured cells were divided into four groups:the normal control group,10 mM,20 mM and 40 mM glutamate injured group, separately.After 48 h hours culturing,optical microscopy,immune fluorescence staining and real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR were used to observe the morphology,AIF distribution,and AIF,calpain,Caspase3 expres-sion changes in SGNs in vitro.TUNEL was used to verify the cell apoptosis.ResuIts Noticeable morphological chan-ges and cell apoptosis were occurred in 20 mM glutamate group,with AIF nuclear translocation.AIF gene expression was significantly higher than normal after glutamate administration (P0.05). ConcIusion In the process of cultured SGNs injured by glutamate,AIF participated in the cell apoptosis.Noticeable cell apoptosis were occurred in 20 mM glutamate group with AIF nuclear translocation.Calpain up-expression also contributed to excitatory neurotransmitter injury on SGNs,but Caspase 3 had no obvious effects.

Effect of micro-ecological environment on incidence of allergic rhinitis on mice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study was designed to find out the impact of micro-ecological environment on the incidence of allergic rhinitis after developing a model of allergic rhinitis on mice.@*METHOD@#Sixty mice were randomly divided into GF group (n=30) and SPF group (n=30). Mice of GF group were fed in the germ-free environment and mice of SPF group were fed in the specific pathogen-free environment. Then each group were randomly divided into model group (20 mice) and control group (10 mice). Establish allergic rhinitis model in the mice of model group using ovalbumin (OVA) at the age of 6 weeks, observe and score the corresponding symptoms and signs that could been induced. Stain with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method for nasal mucosa to observe the morphological changes. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of IgE, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the peripheral blood serum.@*RESULT@#The chi square test showed that the incidence of allergic rhinithis in the mice of GF group was significantly higher than that in the SPF group (P< 0. 05). HE staining showed that the nasal mucosas of allergic rhinitis positive reaction mice were highly congestive and edematous and had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, while there was no abnormal morphology of nasal mucosas in mice with no allergic rhinitis reaction. EOS counting displayed that the number of eosinophilic cells in nasal mucosa of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was increased significantly. The concentration of IgE and IL-4 in the serum of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was highly increased (P <0. 05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P< 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The difference of micro-ecological environment may play a key role in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in mice.

Acute Deafness Induced by Co -administration of Kanamycin Sulfate and Furosemide in a Rat Animal Model / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of co -administration of the loop diuretic furosemide (Fur) and kanamycin (KM ) in the rats in order to establish a reliable animal model of sensorineural hearing loss .Methods Thirty -two Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 rats in each group .Rats in group A ,B and C received a single intraperitoneal injection of kanamycin sulfate (KM ,500 mg/kg) ,followed by an-other intraperitoneal injection of furosemide (Fur ,0 .2 ml/kg ) 30 minutes later .While ,rats in control group D re-ceived same doses of normal saline .Auditory brain responses (ABRs) were recorded at 1 ,7 and 14 day after the in-jections ,which were group A ,group B and group C ,respectively .Hair cell loss ,the spiral ganglions and microstruc-ture were observed by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy .Results The ABR thresholds in group A ,B and C were significantly higher than that of in control group D (P0 .05) .Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy showed obvi-ous hair cell loss in the basal turn in each kanamycin groups ,with cilia disarrangement and fusion ,compared to the same areas in animals from the control group .The expression of cleaved caspase -3 significantly increased in each experimental group than that of in the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Co -administration of furosemide and kanamycin intraperitoneally induces profound hearing loss in rats and is an effective method of establishing acute hearing loss model in animal experiments .

Diagnosis and treatment of unilateral allergic fungal sinusitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical and pathological manifestation, prognosis of unilateral allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), and to analyze the characters and treatment paradigm of unilateral AFS.@*METHOD@#Clinical and pathological information of 10 cases of unilateral AFS were analyzed. Nasal endoscopy, skin prick test, and visual analogue score (VAS) of severity of illness were taken before surgery. Mucosa membrane and inspissated secretion obtained during endoscopic surgery were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and silver hexosamine. Regular clean of sinus and intranasal steroid spray were taken after surgery.@*RESULT@#Endoscopy showed that 5 cases had pale mucous membranes in the ipsilateral nasal cavity. Skin prick test was positive in all patients. Nasal CT scan demonstrated unilateral lesion in all 10 patients. In the involved sinus, all 10 patients had brown or yellow brown viscous secretion, which demonstrated eosinophilic amorphous mass with accumulation of eosinophils, Charcot-Leyden crystallization and fungal hyphae under microscope. The number of eosinophils in lamina propria of sinus mucosa membrane was 72 +/- 11/hpf. After follow-up for 16 to 26 months(mean 22 months), 9 cases were cured and 1 improved. The pre-operative VAS was 8.5 +/- 1.2, and the post-operative VAS was 1.1 +/- 1.0 (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The systemic and local allergic reaction may co-exist in unilateral AFS, in which local hypersensitivity may be the dominant reaction. Endoscopic sinus surgery and intranasal steroid spray are effective in the treatment of unilateral AFS.

Complications and treatment for button battery in the nose / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the injury of button battery to nose and discuss its management.@*METHOD@#Thirteen cases with button battery in nose were reviewed. After the removal of button battery, nasal cavity irrigations were carried out carefully by nasal endoscopy in all cases. Gelfoam full of erythromycin eye ointment was used to cover the injured mucous membrane.@*RESULT@#Among all the cases, 10 got full recovery without any complication. There are 2 cases of synechia nasal and 1 case of septum perforation.@*CONCLUSION@#Removal as soon as possible, careful cleaning and systemic drug are necessary. Nose bleed, septum perforation, adhesion and rhinostenosis should be noticed.

A study of the pepsin in the sputum for diagnosis and treatment evaluation of laryngopharyngeal reflux / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of the pepsin in the sputum for diagnosing and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux.@*METHOD@#Thirty-six patients with the symptoms of dry pharynx, globus pharyngeus, excessive throat clearing, chronic cough and so on were divided into laryngopharyngeal reflux group and chronic laryngitis group by the results of therapeutic trial taking proton pump inhibitors for 3 months. The estimation of the reflux symptom index (RSI), the reflux finding score (RFS) and the detection of pepsin in the sputum were done before and after the treatment. The difference between two groups and the value of the pepsin were analyzed.@*RESULT@#There were significant decreasing in RSI, RFS and pepsin level (P < 0.01) after the treatment in all patients. There were statistical differences between the laryngopharyngeal reflux group and the chronic laryngitis group in the changes of RSI and pepsin level (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Pepsin level in the sputum might be used as a objective, effective method for diagnosing and evaluating the effectiveness in laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Hearing the impact of MP3 on a survey of middle school students / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the usage of MP3 and effects on hearing of middle school students in Xi'an, and discuss controlling strategies.@*METHOD@#Stratified random cluster sampling method was used in the 1567 middle school students in Xi'an through questionnaire survey, ear examination and hearing examination, data were analysed by the SPSS13.0 statistical software.@*RESULT@#1) The rate of holding MP3 in the middle school students was 85.2%. Average daily use time was (1.41 +/- 1.11) h. 2) The noise group of pure tone hearing threshold was significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.01), and increased the detection rate of hearing loss with the increasing use of MP3. 3) The detection rate of symptoms increased with the increasing use of MP3.@*CONCLUSION@#The usage of MP3 can harm hearing in middle school students, which can result in neurasthenic syndrome.

An epidemiologic study of vertigo among middle school students in the city of Xiran / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of vertigo and related risk factors in middle school students in the city of Xi'an.@*METHOD@#A cross-section study was used to investigate on vertigo among middle school students. Questionnaire ,ear examination and auditory tests were carried out by the staff who received special training. Multiple Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relative influential factors about vertigo.@*RESULT@#There were 1567 middle school students who underwent a complete investigation. The participants comprised 793 males (50.6%) and 774 females (49.4%). The overall prevalence of vertigo was 5.6%. No significant difference of the prevalence was found between males (4.7%) and females (6.5%) (P > 0.05). The use of MP3 or MP4, insomnia and history of middle ear infections or ototoxic drugs ingestion were the main risk factors for vertigo (odds ratio: 2.837, 5.582, 2.808 and 1.695, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#Vertigo has an influence on the study and living of the students. More researches are urgently needed on prevention and treatment of vertigo.

Greater auricular nerve graft for repair of facial nerve defects / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To retrospectively analysis the clinical data of facial nerve defects repair with greater auricular nerve graft.@*METHOD@#The transmastoid approach was adopted to repair the facial nerve defects by means of nerve grafting. Preoperative and postoperative facial nerve functions were graded according to the House-Brackmann scale.@*RESULT@#The patterns of temporal bone fracture in the 8 patients were longitudinal, most lesions occurred in the region of the second genu and its surrounding, preoperatively, all patients had Grade VI function. In 3 patients of facial nerve tumors, the tumors involved multiple nerve segments, and histologic results were all schwannomas, preoperatively, 1 case had Grade III function, 2 cases had Grade V function. In 2 patients of iatrogenic trauma of the facial nerve, the primary disease was chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, the lesions were localized at the mastoid segment and the second genu respectively. In 1 patient of molten steel burn, the lesions was localized at the tympanic segment, preoperative facial nerve function was Grade VI. In addition to 3 cases lost to follow-up, the remaining patients, 4 recovered to a Grade III, 3 to a Grade VI, 2 to a Grade V and 2 remained at Grade VI.@*CONCLUSION@#In present study, the most common cause of facial nerve transection was temporal bone fracture. Facial nerve reconstruction by means of greater auricular nerve grafting was a practical and effective method, the best postoperative recovery of facial nerve function was Grade III.

Related Factors of Speech Intelligibility in Prelingually Deafened Children after Cochlear Implantation / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the related factors of speech intelligibility in the prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation. Methods 47 prelingually deafened children who had received cochlear implantation and their families were investigated with questionnaires and analyzed with Fisher test. Results The age when cochlea implanted, the age when hearing aided, the time after the cochlear implantation and the time the cochlea opened were related with their speech intelligibility rating. Conclusion Suitable time for implantation, the hearing aid and making reasonable rehabilitation programme play a crucial role in the hearing rehabilitation of prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation.

Infection after Ophthalmic Operation in 276 Patients with AIDS:An Observation / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To observe the infection after ophthalmic operation in 276 patients with AIDS.METHODS This trial involved 276 patients(276 eyes) with AIDS.They were divided into 2 groups according to surgical sites:112 patients(112 eyes) were in the first group who were undergone eyelid or conjunctival operation and 164 patients(164 eyes) were in the second group who were undergone cataract or glaucoma operation.There were 325 patients(325 eyes) who did not suffered with AIDS in the control group: 130 patients(130 eyes) were in the third group who were undergone eyelid or conjunctival operation and 195 patients(195 eyes) were in the fourth group who were undergone cataract or glaucoma operation.The infections were observed after operation.RESULTS There were 30 cases(26.79%),8 cases(4.88%),12 cases(9.23%) and 8 cases(4.10%) suffered with infection after operation in four groups respectively.There were 38 infected cases(13.77%) in patients with AIDS and more than that in patients who did not suffered with AIDS(20 cases and 6.15% ?2=9.07,P