Approaches to improving the network teaching of medical imaging / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In view of the problems existing in medical image network teaching, such as redundant and rigid curriculum system, obsolete structure, untimely updates, lack of supervision system and poor stability of network security and so on, we explored how to improve the medical image network teaching from the fusion of traditional teaching, optimizing curriculum system, perfecting the medical imaging system of autonomous learning, encouraging online communication, creating a good atmosphere, increasing invest-ment in software development and multi-sectoral collaboration, in order to complete the transfer of knowl-edge more effectively, and promote the good development of medical imaging teaching.

"Exploration and practice of the ""5+3"" medical personnel training mode in the department of radiology" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

It has been a general trend to open the 5+3 medical personnel training mode of radiology in China.But at present,there are still a lot of problems during the process,such as,lack of training plan,unified teaching materials and examination index for reference,lack of learning consciousness and self-discipline among the students who participate in the standardization training,lack of adequate teaching resources in the standardization training base,and so on.In order to cultivate qualified and high-quality radiologists,this paper discussed the ways of forming a new set mode of 5+3 medical personnel training in the radiology department through exploration and practice,including strengthening teachers' construction and building a professional teachers troop,reforming the teaching method of standardization training,improving the teaching base infrastructure,establishing and perfecting the assessment evaluation mechanism.

Effect of curcumin on oligomer formation and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels induced by overexpression or mutation of α-synuclein / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of curcumin on oligomer formation and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) induced by overexpression or mutation of α-synuclein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant plasmids α-synuclein-pEGFP-A53T and α-synuclein-pEGFP-WT were transfected into PC12 cells by lipofectamin method, and intervened by application of curcumin (20 μmol/L) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). Oligomer formation in the cultured cells was identified by Western blotting and Dot blotting. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of the PC12 cells were measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and JC-1 assays. mitoKATP were identified by Western blotting and whole cell patch clamp.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Curcumin has significantly reduced the oligomer formation induced by overexpression or mutation of α-synuclein in the cultured cells. LDH has decreased by 36.3% and 23.5%, and red/green fluorescence ratio of JC-1 was increased respectively by 48.46% and 50.33% after application of curcumin (P<0.05). Protein expression of Kir6.2 has decreased and mitoKATP channel current has significantly increased (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Curcumin can inhibit α-synuclein gene overexpression or mutation induced α-synuclein oligomers formation. It may block apoptosis induced by wild-type overexpression or mutation of α-synuclein. By stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential. Opening of mitoKATP channel may have been the initiating protective mechanism of apoptosis induced by wild-type overexpression or mutation of α-synuclein. Curcumin may antagonize above cytotoxicity through further opening the mitoKATP channel.</p>

Change of the hilar periportal space in the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate thickness of the hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio in the patients with chro-nic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B .Methods Eighty-four patients who were clinically and histologically diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects without history of liver disease underwent abdominal MRI .The rela-tionship among liver fibrosis degree ,hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio were observed .Results There was signifi-cant correlation between the hilar periportal space and hepatic fibrosis for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (rs = 0 .546 ,P< 0 .01) . There was significant difference between S2 and S3 for thicknesses of the hilar periportal space(P<0 .01) ,and no significant differ-ence among S3 ,S4 and cirrhosis(P=0 .188) .A cutoff value of 9 mm for the hilar periportal space had a sensitivity of 85 .37% and a specificity of 76 .79% for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .There was no significant correlation between the caudate-right lobe ratio and hepatic fibrosis(rs = -0 .155 ,P=0 .119) .Conclusion Thicknesses of the hilar periportal space increase gradu-ally with hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis ,with a high sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .

Application value of diffusion registration in diffusion tensor imaging / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion registration in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) through comparing the diffusion tensor data to conduct the two kinds of post-processing methods for obtaining the ADC ,eADC and FA values and the vis-ual neural fiber length .Methods 20 cases of DTI data were analyzed retrospectively .The original data were adopted to directly process for obtaining the ADC ,eADC and FA values respectively ,after exerting diffusion registration the ADC ,eADC and FA val-ues were measured again ,at the same time the two different processing modes were performed the fiber trace imaging ,.The changes of ADC ,eADC and FA values in each case were compared before and after exerting the diffusion registration ,and at the same time the differences of fiber length in the same interest area in the fiber trace image were compared before and after exerting the diffusion registration .Results The difference of the ADC and eADC values obtained before and after exerting the diffusion registration in the normal group showed no statistical significance (P=0 .695 3 ,P=0 .632 1) and the FA value difference between before and after ex-erting the diffusion registration had statistical significance (P=0 .032 1);the difference of the ADC and eADC values obtained be-fore and after exerting the diffusion registration in the clinical patients group had no statistical significance ( P= 0 .203 9 ,P=0 .075 4) ,the FA value difference had statistical significance (P=0 .011 4) ,the visual neural fiber length was elongated after exer-ting the diffusion registration .Conclusion The diffusion registration processing can obtain better quality of ADC ,eADC ,FA images and the fiber trace image ,more reliable ADC ,eADC and FA values ,the visual fiber length is elongated ,which has large application value in MR DTI .

Analysis of risk factors of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with hemorrhage in 127 cases / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the relevantly risk factors of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM ) with hemorrhage . Methods The clinical data of 127 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation were retrospectively analyzed .71 patients with hemorrhage were divided into the hemorrhage group while 56 patients without hemorrhage were divided into the control group .The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed .Results Univariate analysis indicated that the differences of location and size of the AVM masses ,location of the feeding arteries ,direction of the draining vein ,combining with aneurysms and size of aneurysms were statistically significant (P1) .Conclusion The patients with deep AVM masses ,small-sized AVM masses(<3 cm) ,deep draining veins and combining with aneurysms should be operated as soon as possible to avoid hemorrhage .

Building and application of digital teaching data base of medical imaging / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article utilizes the latest digitization development trend of medical imaging teaching to illustrate the value of digitization in medical imaging, which discusses the setting up meaning, establishing methods, management and application, etc. of digital teaching data base.

MR perfusion weighted imaging of the swines with experimental chronic pancreatitis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To characterize pancreatic perfusion in swines with experimental chronic pancreatitis(CP)by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and to correlate it with the severity of CP.Methods Twenty-two swines were randomly selected and made CP by ligation of main pancreatic duct.Six healthy swines served as control.MR perfusion study with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRl was carried out on the swines under anesthesia.The animals were euthanized after MR perfusion exam.The swines were divided into 4 groups according to the histological results of pancreas:normal group,group of CP of grade 1,group of CP of grade 2,and group of CP of grade 3.The maximum perfusion slope rate,the time-to-peak value and the maximum enhancement rate was compared between the groups using variance analysis,and the relationship between each perfusion parameters and severity of CP was made by correlative analysis.Results Twenty-one swines underwent MR perfusion study,including 7 swines in normal group,7 in group of grade 1 CP,3 in group of grade 2 CP,and 4 in group of grade 3 CP.On signal intensity time curve(SI-T)derived from MR perfusion weighted imaging,the m~imum slope rate was(10.88±1.20)%,(10.59±1.02)%,(6.67±1.31)%,and(5.48±1.97)%for normal swines,swines with grade 1 CP,swines with grade 2 CP and swines with grade 3 CP,respectively(F=20.51,P＜0.05).The time-to-peak value was(13.82±3.09)s,(12.31±5.52)s,(20.55±3.79)s and(37.26±14.56)s respectively(F=10.68,P＜0.05).The maximal signal enhancement rate was(62.95±20.20)%,(60.44±20.00)%,(46.33±22.70)%,and(67.65±32.66)%,respectively(F=0.53,P＞0.05).The highest slope value(r=-0.72,P＜0.05)and the time-to-peak(r=0.54,P＜0.05)of the SI-T curve were correlated to the severity of CP,respectively.However there was no linear correlation between the maximal signal enhancement rate and the severity of CP.Conclusion MR perfasion weighted imaging has a potential to diagnose and to grade experimental chronic pancreatitis.

Stem cells transplantation for cerebral ischemia / 中国组织工程研究

Cerebral ischemia represents one of the leading causes of death and disability in modern time, but only few options exist for the treatment of ischemia-related disease. Neural cell replacement can reconstruct the nerve conduction circuit unit and lead to functional recovery partly in patients. The mechanism lies in: the stem cells transplanted into the lesion can differentiate into functional glial cells or neurons, and they can substitute the functions of dead neurons; to activate the endogenous neural stem cells; to excrete cytokines and improve the local environments, such as inflammatory reactions, tissue necrosis and glial scar formation. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, embryonic stem cells and adipose mesenchymal cells have been used for stem cells transplantation in treatment of cerebral ischemia in animal models. So far, the underlying mechanisms of the cell replacement therapy for stroke lesions have remained unknown, and this therapy faces predominantly two major problems: one is how cell grafts survive in an ischemic environment; the other is how cell grafts substitute or rescue neural cells with many different phenotypes.

Research progress in brain tumor stem cell theory / 中国组织工程研究

Pubmed Database was undertaken to identify relevant articles of brain tumor stem cells published from January 2000 to January 2008. Books on stem cells and brain tumor stem cells were retrieved. The data were selected primarily, 39 articles related to brain tumor stem cells were selected. Of the 39 inclusive articles, 8 were on review of the brain tumor stem cells theory, 31 were about the research and experiment of brain tumor stem cells. Data synthesis shows that the CD133+ cells isolated from brain tumor have the stem cell-like properties of endless cell proliferation, uncontrolled self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, but brain tumor stem cells have more vigorous capacity to increase than normal neural stem cells. The brain tumor stem cells express the same gene product as the normal neural stem cells, but the nuclear type of the brain tumor stem cells is abnormal. Brain tumor stem cells maybe the products of gene mutation from the normal neural stem cells. Brain tumor stem cells are the bad seeds of brain cancer, and play a key role in the progress of tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. Thus, studies on brain cancer stem cells have crucial effects on analyzing the mechanism of occurrence and development, as well as radical cure of brain tumor.

Research on the Course Construction of Medical Imaging / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article discussed the problems in teaching medical imaging from such aspects as teaching contents,methods,conditions and teacher cultivation on the basis of our teaching practice.

Reproducibility of measurement of liver volume using multi-slice spiral CT / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility and agreement in the measurement of liver volume with multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT).Methods Spiral CT was performed in 20 cases(14 healthy volunteers and 6 patients with cirrhosis).Images were transferred to a workstation,and volumes were measured by three observers with 5-year abdominal CT experience.Each observer performed the measurements in all subjects twice.Intra-observer and inter-observer variability was calculated using analysis of variance of the repeatedly measured results.The agreement was analyzed with the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC).Reliability analysis in inter-observer was performed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Results Data measured by Observer A were(1 265.53?421.43)cm3 and(1 272.30?414.73)cm3 [difference:(0.80?2.20)%,P=0.15,ICC=0.998 8],Observer B(1 299.97?403.48)cm3 and(1 310.23?404.04)cm3 [difference:(0.90?1.90)%,P=0.07,ICC=0.998 3],Observer C(1 282.18?425.91)cm3 and(1 289.73?424.66)cm3 [difference:(0.70?2.60)%,P=0.19,ICC=0.998 3],respectively.The mean liver volumes by the three observers were(1 268.91?418.07)cm3,(1 305.10?403.59)cm3,and(1 285.97?425.10)cm3,respectively(P=0.07,ICC=0.986 9,Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0.995 6).Conclusion High reproducibility and agreement in the measurement of liver volume can be achieved with multi-slice spiral CT.

Establishment of liver fibrosis in rabbit model by injecting carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally and drinking ethanol water / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore an ideal approach to establish rabbit model of hepatic fibrosis suitable for radiological and serological research.Methods Totally 40 rabbit models of hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneally injecting 5% carbon tetrachloride in oil solution or 100% carbon tetrachloride(both groups,0.1 ml/kg,once a week),and drinking 5% ethanol water.Another 8 rabbits who drank normal water and received a peritoneal injection at 0.1 ml/kg served as control.The rabbits(5 or 2 per time for model group and control) were killed at 6,8,10 and 12 weeks respectively after first injection.Their livers were resected for gross and morphological observation with HE and Masson staining.Results Death of the models usually happened within 4 weeks after first injection and became stable after 6 weeks.Mortality of 5% carbon tetrachloride group was 60%,but 25% in 100% carbon tetrachloride group.Macroscopy and microscopy indicated that liver fibrosis was observed in rat models.Conclusion Long-term intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride results in rabbit hepatic fibrosis.Injection of 100% carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneal,at 0.1 ml/kg,once a week,combined with and 5% ethanol as drinking water is a suitable approach to establish rabbit model of hepatic fibrosis with low mortality and high success rate.

MRI diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To discuss the utility of MRI in evaluating arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC).Methods Nine patients of ARVC who received treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to May 2008,were retrospectively analyzed.They all underwent MRI by using GE signa 1.5 Tesla CV/I MR system.White blood technique(Fast cine sequence) were performed in short axis view,four-chamber view,and long axis view of two ventricles.Black blood techniques(Double IRFSE and Triple IRFSE) were performed in short axis view and long axis view of the right ventricle.Results MRI displayed thinning of the right ventricular(RV) wall(9 cases),dilatation of the RV(8 cases),fat signal intensity of the RV wall in DIRFS and irregular insula or continuity breaking in TIRFSE(3 cases),dilatation of the left ventricle(LV)(2 cases),a bit thickening of ventricular septum(1 case),enlargement of the outflow of the RV(2 cases),and ventricular wall aneurysm formation(2 cases).Their positions involved apex of the right ventricle(6 cases),facies diaphragmatica(4 cases),anterior ventricle(4 cases),infundibulum(4 cases) and the papillary muscle of the RV(1 case).Conclusion Cardiac MRI is the most specific and sensitive examination technique in diagnosing of ARVC,which can present structural and functional changes and the quality,degree,range of the disease.We recommend cardiac MRI if ARVC is suspected.

Diagnostic value of combined LAVA and DWI for pancreatic carcinoma / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the combination of LAVA and DWI in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods MRI of 24 patients pathologically confirmed to have pancreatic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.MRI sequences included FS T1WI,FS T2WI,enhanced multi-phasic LAVA scanning and DWI.Images quality of all sequences was assessed.SIR of tumor/pericancerous tissue in LAVA,DWI,T1WI and T2WI was compared.ADC values of the cancer,pericancerous tissue were statistically analyzed.The detection rate and accuracy of single sequence and those of the combination of LAVA and DWI were compared.The LAVA evaluation of peripancreatic vascular involvement was compared with surgical findings.Results Images quality of LAVA was higher than the others(P

Clinical application of three dimensional and multiplanar reconstruction with 16-slice spiral CT in skull and maxillofacial fracture / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the value of clinical application of the three dimensional (3D) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) with multislice spiral CT(MSCT) in skull and maxillofacial fracture. Methods Twenty patients with skull and maxillofacial fracture were examined with MSCT, then MPR and three-dimensional surface shaded display (3D-SSD) were performed in work-station. Results MSCT MPR imaging clearly showed all fractures in 20 patients, and were more accurate than 3D-SSD in displaying tiny fracture and fracture of deep structure. 3D-SSD imaging could stereoscopically and directly show the fracture location, type, range, the course of irregular fracture line and fragment displacement. Conclusion MSCT MPR imaging in combination with 3D imaging is of high value in diagnosis and treatment of skull and maxillofacial fracture.

Study of Spiral CT in the Localization and Measurement of Intraocular Foreign Body / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate spiral CT in localizing and measuring intraocular foreign body.Methods 25 patients underwent spiral CT scan,a simple method that the authors developed was used to localize and measure the foreign body and to gain the distance of the arc from foreign body to corneal margin.Results The data gained from the localization method were proved to be accurate by operation.Conclusion The method of spiral CT localization of intraocular foreign body is simple,useful,accurate and worthy to be used extensively in clinic.

Microsurgery treating lateral ventricle tumors / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of microsurgery in the treatment of lateral ventricle tumors. Methods Microsurgery was conducted in 14 cases of lateral ventricle trmors in this department from May 1996 to August 2002. According to the location of tumors, we selected the approach close to the focus, protected the surrounding nerve tissue and the deep venous system, and resected the tumor in fractions. Results Among the 14 cases, 13 (92.9%) received total resection and 1 (7.1%) subtotal resection. A total of 11 cases of complications occurred postoperatively, including 3 cases of intracranial infection, 2 cases of hemiparalysis, 1 case of hydrocephalus, 3 cases of frontal lobe mental symptoms, 1 case of intraventricular hematoma and 1 case of nominal aphasia. Except for 1 case of hemiparalysis who were not able to resume the ability to take care of his own basic needs, the remaining 10 cases obtained full recovery. Follow-up in 9 cases for 6～60 months (mean, 29 months) showed 2 cases of recurrence of astrocytoma. Conclusions Microsurgery offers good visualization, minimal invasion and a high total resection rate for tumor.

Clinical Application of ~1H-MRS in Breast Tumors / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical values and influencing factors of1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) in breast tumors.Methods Thirty-eight patients with breast tumors confirmed pathologically,including 20 cases of breast cancers and 18 cases of benign tumors examined by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and1H-MRS were studied retrospectively in comparison with pathology.The value of1H-MRS in detecting breast cancers was evaluated.Results On1H-MRS,11 breast cancers had increased choline peaks and 3 benign tumors presented increased choline peaks.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 55.0%,83.3%and 68.4% respectively by using choline peak to detect breast cancers.Conclusion 1H-MRS has high diagnostic specificity for breast cancer.The low sensitivity of Choline to be detected rate in breast cancer is mainly dues to the lesions and technique factors.

Diagnostic Value of MRI in the Evaluation of Hysteromyoma before and after High Intensity Focused Ultrasound / 实用放射学杂志

0.05),there was not statistically different before and after HIFU. However,the normal myometrium after HIFU enhanced obviously just as that before treatment. Conclusion MRI was useful for the evaluation of the intensity, volume changes and the blood supply in leimyomas before and after HIFU.