Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.@*METHODS@#The AlCl3 colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti - oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase (PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.@*RESULTS@#Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti - oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.@*CONCLUSION@#The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor pexidartinib on the senescence of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) on the senescence of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: BMDM were isolated and cultured from femurs and tibiae of 10 male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks (obtained from Laboratory Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University). They were divided into blank control group, LPS group (treated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h) as well as low, medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups (treated with 100, 500 and 1 000 nmol/L PLX3397 for 4 h respectively followed by 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h). The corresponding markers of macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 and cellular senescence was detected by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Meanwhile, protein expressions of cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, p21 and CSF-1R were detected by Western blotting, and the expressions of p16 and p21 were detected by intracellular immunofluorescence. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the mRNA levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes including interleukin (IL), IL-1β, chemokine-1/10 (CXCL-1/10), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Results: The rate of SA-β-gal positive staining in medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups [(39.33±4.93)% and (36.33±3.06)% respectively] were significantly downregulated compared with LPS group [(52.00±3.00)%] (P=0.020, P=0.005). The expression of CSF-1R protein in low, medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups were (0.74±0.18, 0.61±0.07, 0.54±0.06), all of which were significantly lower than that in LPS group (1.16±0.08) (P=0.013, P=0.002, P<0.001). The expression levels of CSF-1R mRNA in low, medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups (1.04±0.06, 0.90±0.05, 1.18±0.08) showed similar trend (2.90±0.25) (P<0.001). The average fluorescence intensity of p16 in all PLX3397 pretreatment groups were 49.76±3.65, 48.21±1.72, 47.99±1.26 respectively, which were significantly lower than that in LPS group (66.88±5.85) (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001). The average fluorescence intensity of p21 in medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups were (34.43±3.62, 30.13±0.86), significantly lower than that in LPS group (46.82±5.33) (P=0.043, P=0.007). The expression of p16 protein in low, medium and high concentration PLX3397 pretreatment groups (0.56±0.04, 0.55±0.04, 0.35±0.19) were significantly lower than that in LPS group (0.98±0.10) (P=0.003, P=0.002, P<0.001), as well the expression of p21 protein (0.69±0.20, 0.42±0.08, 0.26±0.14) (P=0.032, P=0.002, P<0.001). According to the results of RT-qPCR, the expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-1, CXCL-10 and MMP-8 in PLX3397 pretreatment groups were significantly lower than those in LPS group (P<0.001), while the expression of TGF-β increased (P<0.001). Conclusions: LPS could induce the cell senescence, increase the secretion of SASP and aggravate local inflammation by activating the CSF-1R on the cell surface of bone marrow-derived macrophages. CSF-1R inhibitor PLX3397 might attenuate CSF-1R activation associated with LPS and inhibit the senescence of bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by LPS.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine therapy based on Wnt signaling pathway in treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

Wnt signaling pathway can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, the growth and develop¬ment of neural cells, which is closely related to the therapeutic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) after ischemic stroke.Researches have showed that some single Chi¬nese medical herb and Chinese medical herb compounds with the effects of tonifying Shen and nourishing Gan, supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, promoting Xue and Qi, removing blood sta¬sis and resolving phlegm can activate the Wnt signaling pathway in brains and play the role of treating CIRI, and the essence of the treatment is according to the pathogenesis of CIHI which can be reduced by Yin deficiency of Gan and Shen, Qi and Xue de¬ficiency, blood stasis and phlegm toxin.This paper has summa¬rized the research results of Lycium chinensis, Cornus officinalis, turmeric, Salvia miltiorrhiza and other single Chinese medical herbs and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) compounds such as Naoluoxintong, Danlong Xingnao formula, Yiqi Huoxue For¬mula, Bush en Shengsui formula and Huangjing pill in the treat¬ment of CIHI, regulating Wnt signaling pathway in brains.We also have analyzed that the essence of modern medicine of tonify-ing Shen and producing Sui, supplementing Qi and filling Jing in TCM is closely related to promoting cerebral angiogenesis and re¬modeling and stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in specific areas of the brain after activating Wnt signaling pathway, and promoting blood circulation and re¬moving blood stasis, resolving phlegm and clearing toxin are re-lated to improving brain blood supply, anti-inflammatory, anti- free radical an ti ox id at ion and other functions.

Feasibility Analysis and Study Progress of Effect of Huangjingwan in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive memory and cognitive impairment and behavioral disorders， which has seriously threatened the health of the majority of middle-aged and elderly people. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that the basic pathogenesis of AD is deficiency of kidney-essence， blood stasis and meridian stagnation. In recent years， many studies have shown that TCM has obvious value and advantages in the prevention and treatment of AD by multi-target mechanism. Therefore， it is of great significance to screen out effective anti-AD drugs from TCM compound prescriptions. Huangjingwan， also known as Jiuzhuan Huangjingwan， has the effects in tonifying kidney-essence， activating blood and removing stasis， with a potential effect in preventing AD. In this article， the feasibility of Huangjingwan in the prevention and treatment of AD was analyzed and discussed from the perspective of TCM theory， the study results of Huangjingwan in the prevention and treatment of AD were summarized， and the mechanism of its action was analyzed from the perspective of pharmacological mechanism. Based on TCM theory， Huangjingwan has the effect of anti-AD. According to relevant findings， Huangjingwan has many targets， such as anti-oxidation， anti-inflammatory， decrease of the level of oxidative stress in brain， activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction in brain， regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A） activity balance， reduction of amyloid β （Aβ） content and tau protein hyperphosphorylation in brain， so as to exert effects in improving neurological symptoms and increasing learning and memory ability， with an anti-AD neuroprotective function. This will provide new ideas for in-depth studies and clinical applications of Huangjingwan against AD.

Construction of Professional Training System of Assistive Technology:in Perspective of ICF / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore a training system of high level professionals with international vision and meeting the develop-ment of assistive technology in China. Methods The training system was constructed in the theory framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health,and work process-oriented. Results and Conclusion A curriculum system with tree-type modes and a practice system with three-level and multi-form of assistive technology specialty were constructed,that was recognized by industry and society in the developing.

A survey of bone mineral density in 9 158 urban residents in Chongqing / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study retrospectively the changes of bone mineral density,the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and risk factors in urban residents in Chongqing.Methods The data of radial bone mineral density of 9,158 healthy Han people (4 577 males and 4 581 females) who received health examination in the Health Management Center of Southwest China University were collected,from September 2012 to December 2016.Osteoporosis was judged according to T-value and the detection rate,BMI and OSTA indexes were calculated respectively.Results The total detection rate of osteoporosis in this group was 15.6％ (9.5％ in males and 21.6％in females,respectively).Among all the vocational groups,the detection rate of osteoporosis of teachers was the highest,while that of workers was the lowest.The detection rate of osteoporosis in the fcmales was higher than those in male,which in the emaciation group was much higher than those in the overweight/obesity group,among all the BMI status.The male over 70 years and female over 50 years belonged to the intermediate-risk group,which were also the focus for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.Conclusions The detection rate of osteoporosis in the urban residents in Chongqing is higher than those in other regions of China.Hence,Chongqing has a high-prevalence area of osteoporosis.Meanwhile,risk assessment using indexes such as vocation,BMI and OSTA and systematic intervention of osteopenia/osteoporosis for the urban residents are critical for the prevention and control of osteoporosis incidences.

Two new steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright.@*METHODS@#The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques, and the structures of the new steroidal saponins were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and IR spectral analysis.@*RESULTS@#The 70% EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis afforded two new steroidal saponins, zingiberenosides A (1) and B (2), along with eight known analogues, 3β, 26-dihydroxy-25(R)-furosta-Δ(5, 20(22))-diene-3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), methyl parvifloside (4), deltoside (5), methyl deltoside (6), zingiberensis new saponin (7), deltonin (8), progenin III (9) and diosgenin-diglucoside (10).@*CONCLUSION@#Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis and their structures determined.

Effect of c-myb on hCG-induced testosterone secretion in isolated rat Leydig cells / 生理学报

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of antisense c-myb oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on hCG-induced testosterone secretion in isolated rat Leydig cells. The effects of cAMP, Ca(2+) and cycloheximide (CYX) on c-Myb protein expression and testosterone secretion were also observed. The results showed that antisense c-myb ODN inhibited hCG-induced testosterone secretion of isolated rat Leydig cells in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, integral optical density immunostaining of Myb in Leydig cells was also remarkably reduced. Nonsense tat ODN had no effect on Leydig cells. Further experiments showed that dbcAMP (100 micromol/L) obviously increased hCG-induced testosterone secretion and integral optical density (IOD) immunostaining of Myb in Leydig cells. Verapamil (10 micromol/L), a Ca(2+) channel blocker, and cycloheximide (50 microg/ml), a protein synthesis inhibitor, reduced the immunostaining of c-Myb, and also lowered hCG-induced testosterone secretion in isolated rat Leydig cells. The results indicate that c-myb closely correlates with hCG-induced testosterone secretion, and that cAMP and Ca(2+)-dependent pathway participates in the expression of protooncogene.