Résumé
ObjectiveTo study the prospective memory deficits of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and unaffected first-degree relatives of patients， so as to validate the possibility of prospective memory as an endophenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder. MethodsHealthy controls， obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and unaffected first-degree relatives of patients， each with 25 cases， matched for age， education， gender， IQ and marriage status were enrolled. The standardized prospective memory paradigm with a multi-trial design was conducted， and the accuracy was used as an indicator of prospective memory function. ResultsThe accuracy of event- and time-based prospective memory tasks of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients was lower than that of healthy controls， with statistical differences ［（0.74±0.24） vs. （0.88±0.13）， d=-0.140， P=0.044； （0.77±0.21） vs. （0.93±0.10）， d=-0.164， P=0.011］. The accuracy of event-based prospective memory task of unaffected first-degree relatives was also lower than that of healthy controls， with statistical difference ［（0.73±0.20） vs. （0.88±0.13）， d=-0.144， P=0.036］. ConclusionObsessive-compulsive disorder patients has extensive prospective memory deficits， indicating that prospective memory may be an endophenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Résumé
ObjectiveTo explore the predictive role of the degree of prospective memory impairment on the treatment response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors （SSRIs） in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. MethodsA total of 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition， text revision （DSM-IV-TR） were selected， and all patients were treated with SSRIs for 4 weeks. The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptom was assessed using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale （Y-BOCS）， and the efficacy was evaluated by the reduction rate of Y-BOCS score. Moreover， the performance of event-based， time-based and activity-based prospective memory tasks were compared before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment， the total Y-BOCS score of patients was lower than before treatment ［（27.07±4.63） vs. （24.87±5.93）， F（1，29）=4.984， P=0.033］， meantime， the performance of event- and time- based prospective memory tasks was improved ［（0.78±0.21） vs. （0.88±0.11）， F（1，29）=9.022， P=0.005； （0.81±0.17） vs. （0.91±0.11）， F（1，29）=9.063， P=0.005］. Correlation analysis showed that the performance of event-based prospective memory at baseline was positively correlated with the reduction of Y-BOCS score （r=0.478， P=0.014）. The event-based prospective memory performance at baseline could positively predict the treatment response to SSRIs treatment in patients （β=0.441， P=0.014）. ConclusionThe event-based prospective memory function of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder can positively predict SSRIs treatment outcome， and patients with better prospective memory performance yield better treatment responses.
Résumé
A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CrⅢand CrⅥusing on-line sample pretreatment valve-switching ion chromatography. The organic matrix in leather was removed by using a reverse-phase column as the pretreatment column. Before injection, EDTA was added into sample solution to react with the CrⅢto form anion which could absorb visible light strongly. After injection, the ions separated by the pretreatment column were received in a collection loop. Then the ions were delivered into an analytical column and separated. CrⅥ then was derived with the derivatization reagent 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide ( DPC) , and detected together with CrⅢ-EDTA complex by a UV-Vis detector. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of the method for CrⅢ and CrⅥ was 0. 3-10 mg/L (r=0. 9991) and 0. 05-2 mg/L ( r = 0. 9992 ), whereas detection limits ( S/N = 3 ) were 80. 78 μg/L and 6. 67 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 88. 7%-108. 5% with the relative standard deviations for retention time and peak area less than 3%. The method could be applied to determine CrⅢ and CrⅥ in leather and cloth effectively and quickly.