Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces phenotypic transformation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SD rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the phenotypic transformation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCSMCs were primarily cultured in the modified tissue sticking medium and subjected to immunofluorescence assay. The cells were divided into a blank control and four PDGF-BB groups, the latter exposed to 5, 10, 20, and 40 ng/ml of PDGF-BB, respectively, for 24 hours, and the cells in the 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB group treated for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The the relative expressions of α-SMA, SMMHC, calponin, and OPN mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The α-SMA positive rate of the CCSMCs was over 95%. Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of α-SMA, SMMHC, and calponin mRNA were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) while that of OPN mRNA remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in the PDGF-BB groups. The 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB group also showed significantly downregulated expressions of α-SMA, SMMHC, and calponin mRNA (P < 0.05) and upregulated expression of OPN mRNA (P < 0.05) at 24, 48, and 72 hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PDGF-BB can induce the transformation of the phenotype of CCSMCs in SD rats from the contractile to the synthetic type.</p>

Complications of minimally-invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the occurrence and management of complications following minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 4326 cases of MPCNL from January 2001 to February 2006 were reviewed, including 2451 male cases and 1875 female cases. Their age ranged from 4 to 82 years with a mean of 42 years. Of 4326 cases, 1221 cases had simple nephrolithiasis, 1735 staghorn nephrolithiasis, 386 upper ureterolithiasis, 90 serious stone street after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and 894 residual calculi after open surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 4326 cases of MPCNL, complications occurred in 445 cases (10.3%). Of the 445 cases, 20 had massive hemorrhage, 13 pleural injuries, 1 colonic perforation, 343 fever attacks (T > 38 degrees C), 13 septic shocks, 16 perinephric urinoma, 9 perinephric abscess, 26 renal perforating injuries, 1 guide wire misled into inferior vena cava, 3 died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MPCNL is a minimally invasive operation. However, serious complications would occur if the procedure were ignored. The improvement in the prevention and management of complications can promote the application of this procedure.</p>

Endoluminal therapy for bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the endourological technique in the treatment of bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 43 patients (totally, 70 cases) with bilateral malignant ureteric obstruction treated with endoluminal therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Of 70 cases, 38 were treated by retrograde double-J stenting, 24 by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrotomy (MPCN) and 8 by antegrade double-J stenting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for an average of 12 months. The retrograde double-J stenting, MPCN and antegrade double-J stenting was successfully performed in 50.0% (19/38), 100.0% (24/24) and 62.5% (5/8), respectively. Technical failures in placing retrograde double-J stent were too difficult to identify the ureteric orifice (13/38) or failing to cross the obstruction site because of severe extraluminal compression (6/38). Failure in placing antegrade double-J stent was due to severe extraluminal compression (3/8). Dislodgment of nephrostomy tubes (11/19) was the major factor which limited the application of MPCN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is safe and effective to treat malignant ureteric obstruction with endourological technique, and suggested initially with retrograde double-J stenting. If malignant ureteric orifice occlusion or a severe extraluminal compression is showed in the imaging, MPCN or antegrade double-J stenting may be selected according to the site and the extent of obstruction.</p>