Construction of lentiviral vector of peroxiredoxin 2 gene mediating RNAi and its effects on the proliferation of SW480 cell / 重庆医学

Objective To construct a lentiviral expression vector of peroxiredoxin2(PRDX2) RNA interference (RNAi) and to investigate the effect of siRNA of PRDX2 genes on the proliferation of human colonrectal cancer SW480 cell .Methods RNAi tar‐get sequences were designed and synthesized towards the PRDX2 gene sequences .The lentiviral vector pGC‐EGFP‐shPRDX2 was constructed and identified .The vector was transformed into SW480 cells ,and the transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluores‐cence microscopy .The expression of PRDX2 was detected with Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot in the transfected cells .Cell growth and colony forming ability were detected with MTT and plate cloning technique .Results PRDX2 gene lentiviral vector was successfully established and was proved by gene sequencing .The expression of PRDX2 in mRNA and pro‐tein was significantly reduced(P<0 .05) .The PRDX2 mRNA and protein expression in SW480 transfected with lentiviral were sig‐nificantly reduced (P< 0 .05) ,and the ability of growth and proliferation were significantly reduced(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion PRDX2 gene lentiviral vector could be a stable and reliable tool .The proliferation and growth of SW480 cells transfected by pGC‐EGFP‐shPRDX2 could be effectively suppressed ,which could facilitate further investigation of the roles of PRDX2 gene in the de‐velopment and progression of colorectal cancer .

Endonasal endoscopic salvage surgical treatment for local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and the radiation therapy is the primary choice. It's 5 year survival rate may reach 64.4%, while 10.0% cases may suffer from the local recurrence. The salvage radiation or surgery is still the main choice for recurrent cases now. However the recurrent tumor become radiation insensitive and meanwhile, morbidity and mortality become higher. The experience of open salvage surgery on the recurrent radiation insensitive tumor had been proved safely, and the related morbidity and mortality are acceptable. Recently, the endoscopic salvage surgery has been developed, some preliminary experience has been obtained and the result looks promising. In this article, the pathobiological characteristics of the postradiation local recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer, the anatomy of nasopharyngus and related skull base area, especially the petroclival region and current situation of endonasal endoscopic salvage surgery were reviewed here. Basic principle of oncological surgery that endoscopic surgery should followed and possible endoscopic surgical approaches were proposed.

The role of MR and endoscopy in postoperative management of skull base reconstruction by vascular pedicle septal flap / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the significance of MR and endoscopy in the postoperative management of skull base reconstruction with a vascular pedicle nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap.@*METHOD@#The immediate, and delayed postoperative MR imaging scans and endoscopic data of 8 patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic reconstruction of skull base dural defects with a vascular pedicle nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap were retrospectively studied. Among the 8 patients, 7 cases have integrated immediate, delayed postoperative MR and synchronous endoscopic data which were harvest at the first week and at a 3- to 7-month interval respectively. One case was followed up by CT and endoscopy. The intracranial parenchymal changes, local situation of skull base defect site, the septal flap, healing of flap donor site and the transition of naso sinus mucosa were fully evaluated to explore the healing process and to improve the success rate of the reconstruction.@*RESULT@#We can obtain the key postoperative information of intracranial and the skull base reconstruction site with MR and endoscopy. The MR can exclude the intracranial complications such as postoperative intracranial hematoma, cerebral edema, or pneumocephalus, and clearly show the location and extent of skull base defects, the position of the flap, the overlapping manner between the dural defect margin and the flap and the postoperative cerebrospinal fistula. In immediate and postoperative follow-up with MR, the septal flap had homogeneous enhanced image with a roughly "C" figure under the skull base, indicating stable blood supplement. The synchronous endoscopic examination also proved the survival of the septal flaps in 7 cases , the cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1 case. One case flap necrosis. The septal flaps presented edema and congested in the immediate postoperative endoscopy, and returned to normal in the delayed examination. The non-vascular materials such as gelatin sponge and fat tissue had the different characteristics signal. Nasal mucosal edema and sinus ventilation continually recovered during the follow up and the exposed septal cartilage on the donor site resurfaced by mucosa in 2 months.@*CONCLUSION@#MR and endoscopy could provide the critical postoperative information about the vascular pedicle septal flap reconstruction. MR combined with endoscopy not only could rule out the complications, but also could gain the information such as the position, blood supply and healing of the flap, at the same time detected the cerebrospinal fluid leakage to provide accurate information for the secondary stage reconstruction. The information got from MR and endoscopy were important for the surgeon and the radiologist to recognize the flap and to evaluate for variations that may suggest potential flap failure.

Surgical management of sinonasal and adjacent skull base benign fibro-osseous lesions / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the use of transnasal endoscopy and open surgical approaches for management of sinonasal and adjacent skull base benign fibro-osseous lesions, the surgical methods, precautions, clinical efficacies were also described.@*METHOD@#Fifteen patients were reviewed, including osteoma in 6 cases, Ossifying fibroma in 2 cases and fibrous dysplasia in 7 cases. Analyzed the pathological features and CT images, and to select surgical approach according to the location and extent of lesions. Eleven patients were operated through transnasal endoscopic procedure, including 7 cases with ipsilateral nasal approach and 4 cases with extended binasal approach; 4 cases with open surgical approach, including trans-eyebrow approach in 1 case and bicoronal approach in 3 cases.@*RESULT@#All patients were followed up for 2 months to 4 years, gross resection of lesions in 10 cases but partial resection in 5 cases with fibrous dysplasia. The clinical symptoms and facial deformity in all cases were eliminated or significantly relieved postoperatively. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 1 case, was successfully repaired during the endoscopic operation. Preoperative diplopia in 3 cases, 2 cases disappeared after six months, one case was improved significantly. There were no postoperative orbital or intracranial complications.@*CONCLUSION@#Surgery is an effective means to resect lesions which had obviously clinical symptoms. The location and extent of lesions were the decisive factor to choose an open or endoscopic approach. Endoscopic sinus surgery can manage the midline skull base lesions which extend from the posterior wall of the frontal sinus to the clivus, well the open surgical approach is suitable for lesions locating the area beyond the medial orbital wall. No matter choosing which approach, osteoma, ossifying fibroma can be completely removed. For the fibrous dysplasia, as an extensive but self-limiting lesion, the surgery is performed only for relieving symptoms and facial deformity. So the partial resection is preferred and reasonable other than radical total resection. Even the severe fibrous dysplasia lesions caused the optic canal stenosis but present normal vision, it is unnecessary to perform prophylactic decompression of the optic nerve.

Study on inhibition of anthraquinone in Polygonum Cillinerve (Nakai) Ohwi to Nitrosation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study inhibitory activity of anthraquinone in Polygonum Cillinerve(Nakai) Ohwi (anthraquinone in PCO) to nitrosation. Methods Anthraquinone was extracted from Polygonum Cillinerve(Nakai) Ohwi with sulfuric acid and chloroform as solvents. The capability of scavenging sodium nitrite and disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis with anthraquinone in PCO were determined by spectrophotometry under simulated human gastric juice. Results Both the sodium nitrite scavenging rate and the nitrosamine synthesis disconnecting rate showed the positive correlation with the concentration of anthraquinone in PCO. The strongest capability of scavenging sodium nitrite was 53.5%, and the strongest capability of disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis was 71.3%. Conclusion Anthraquinone in PCO had strong capability of scavenging sodium nitrite and disconnecting nitrosamine synthesis.