Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervening in esophageal cancer by microRNA regulation / 中国药房

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Progress and prospect of inhaled biological agents in asthma / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

More than 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, and the incidence is increasing year by year. As one of the most common chronic diseases, asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease with complex triggering mechanisms and strong heterogeneity. With the in-depth study of physiological and pathological mechanisms, therapeutic small molecule and hormone drugs have been introduced to control and treat most patients, but about 5% - 10% of patients still suffer from various subtypes of difficult to control and treat asthma, that is, severe asthma. In the past decade, with the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical research, protein and antibody have become the key drugs for the treatment of severe asthma with high efficacy, high specificity and high safety. However, biological drugs are usually administered by injection, they cannot be noninvasive and directly delivered into the lung to quickly absorb and take effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the introduction of inhaled biologics with quick effectiveness, convenience, economy and safety in clinical. The review summarizes the existing small molecule, hormone and biological therapy drugs, and summarizes the development of inhalable biological agents of asthma, and analyzes the future prospects of the inhalable biological drugs, which is designed to deepen the perception of the direction of the inhalable biological drugs research, and update the information of the field, in order to provide reference for the development of more inhalable biologics.

Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway in "Reflux Esophagitis-esophageal Cancer" and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Research Progress of β-Klotho in Energy Metabolism and Tumor Development / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

β-Klotho (KLB) is a member of the Klotho protein family, which is mainly distributed in organs and tissues such as the liver, fat, pancreas, and brain. KLB is a single-pass transmembrane protein whose structural characteristics determine that KLB acts as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/21 targeting the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs). KLB is involved in the regulation of blood glucose, lipids, body weight, bile acid circulation, and hepatocyte proliferation in the FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs pathway. This paperwill review the structural characteristics and distribution of KLB, as well as the regulatory mechanism of material energy and its role in tumor formation in the FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs pathways.

Betulinic Acid Improves Cardiac Function in Septic Rats Through AKT / mTOR and AKT / AMPK -modulated Autophagy / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Betulinic acid (BA) exerts protective effects on organs in septic animals. However, whether BA can improve cardiac function in sepsis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with BA (25 mg/ kg/ d, i. g.) for 5 days and then intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/ kg). The rats were anesthetized to determine transthoracic echocardiography using a high-resolution imaging system for small animals after they were treated with LPS for 6 h. Histopathologic alterations were examined by HE staining. Myocardial injury markers (cTnI and CK-MB) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the serum were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy-related proteins (p62 and LC3 Ⅱ) and AKT-modulated autophagy pathways in the myocardium were determined by Western blotting. Pretreatment with BA markedly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) (P<0. 05), improved myocardial histomorphology, and significantly inhibited cTnI, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0. 05) in the septic rat serum. BA markedly decreased p62 (P<0. 01), increased LC3 Ⅱ (P< 0. 001), and significantly down-regulated p-AKT (Thr308), p-AMPKα (Ser485/ 491), p-mTOR (Ser2448) and p-S6K (Thr389) (P<0. 05), while markedly up-regulated p-AMPKα (Thr172) and pULK1 (Ser317) (P<0. 01) in septic rat hearts. The findings indicate that BA can attenuate sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunctions associated with down-regulating autophagy inhibiting pathways mediated by AKT/ mTOR and AKT/ AMPK pathways.

Role and mechanism of DAPT in chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role and mechanism of DAPT in chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were treated with the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 10 days to establish a depression model. Mice in the drug-treated group were injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg • kg

Associations between glycated hemoglobin and glucose indicators in adults in areas at different altitude in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the associations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with FPG and oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour (OGTT-2 h) in areas at different altitude in China. Methods: Subjects who participated in 2018-2019 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance and had no prior type 2 diabetes diagnosis were included. Subsequently, they were categorized into three groups based on altitude of living area (<2 000, 2 000- and ≥3 000 m). With adjustment for intracluster correlation, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of HbA1c with FPG and OGTT-2 h in the context of HbA1c was normal (<5.7%) or abnormal (≥5.7%). Furthermore, the shape of relationships between HbA1c and glucose indicators was examined using restricted cubic spline. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HbA1c for diabetes. Results: A total of 157 277 subjects were included in the analysis. While FPG and OGTT-2 h levels gradually decreased with increase of altitude, HbA1c level was similar among the three groups. When HbA1c was <5.7%, its association with FPG and OGTT-2 h was weak and no obvious difference was observed among the three groups. When HbA1c was ≥5.7%, the FPG and OGTT-2 h increased by 15.45% (95%CI:14.71%- 16.18%) and 24.54% (95%CI:23.18%-25.91%) respectively per one standard deviation increase in HbA1c in group in area at altitude <2 000 m. However, the FPG and OGTT-2 h increased by 13.08% (95%CI:10.46%-15.76%) and 21.72% (95%CI:16.39%-27.31%), respectively, in group in area at altitude 2 000- m, and increased by 11.41% (95%CI:9.32%-13.53%) and 20.03% (95%CI:15.38%- 24.86%), respectively, in group of altitude ≥3 000 m. The restricted cubic spline indicated that the curve showing the association of HbA1c with FPG and OGTT-2 h was flat when HbA1c was <5.7%, but showed a positive linear relationship when HbA1c was ≥5.7%. The area under curve for detecting diabetes was 0.808 (95%CI:0.803-0.812) in group of altitude <2 000 m and 0.728 (95%CI:0.660-0.796, P=0.022) in group of altitude ≥3 000 m. The relevant optimal cutoff value of HbA1c was 5.7%, with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 83.0%, and 6.0%, with a sensitivity of 48.3% and a specificity of 93.7%, respectively. Conclusions: When HbA1c was ≥5.7%, the association between HbA1c and glucose indicators became weaker as the increase of altitude. In the area at altitude ≥3 000 m, it may not be appropriate to use HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes.

Clinical analysis of liver dysfunction induced by SHR-1210 alone or combined with apatinib and chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of abnormal liver function in patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody SHR-1210 alone or in combination with apatinib and chemotherapy. Methods: Clinical data of 73 patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma from 2 prospective clinical studies conducted at the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from May 11, 2016, to November 19, 2019, were analyzed, and logistic regression analysis was used for the analysis of influencing factors. Results: Of the 73 patients, 35 had abnormal liver function. 13 of the 43 patients treated with PD-1 antibody monotherapy (PD-1 monotherapy group) had abnormal liver function, and the median time to first abnormal liver function was 55 days. Of the 30 patients treated with PD-1 antibody in combination with apatinib and chemotherapy (PD-1 combination group), 22 had abnormal liver function, and the median time to first abnormal liver function was 41 days. Of the 35 patients with abnormal liver function, 2 had clinical symptoms, including malaise and loss of appetite, and 1 had jaundice. 28 of the 35 patients with abnormal liver function returned to normal and 7 improved to grade 1, and none of the patients had serious life-threatening or fatal liver function abnormalities. Combination therapy was a risk factor for patients to develop abnormal liver function (P=0.007). Conclusions: Most of the liver function abnormalities that occur during treatment with PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 alone or in combination with apatinib and chemotherapy are mild, and liver function can return to normal or improve with symptomatic treatment. For patients who receive PD-1 antibody in combination with targeted therapy and chemotherapy and have a history of long-term previous smoking, alcohol consumption and hepatitis B virus infection, liver function should be monitored and actively managed in a timely manner.

Combination of anlotinib and irinotecan in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter phase 1/2 trial / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib plus irinotecan in the second-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: This prospective phase 1/2 study was conducted in 2 centers in China (Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Hospital). We enrolled patients with mCRC whose disease had progressed after first-line systemic therapy and had not previously treated with irinotecan to receive anlotinib plus irinotecan. In the phase 1 of the trial, patients received anlotinib (8 mg, 10 mg or 12 mg, po, 2 weeks on/1 week off) in combination with fixed-dose irinotecan (180 mg/m(2), iv, q2w) to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). In the phase 2, patients were treated with the RP2D of anlotinib and irinotecan. The primary endpoints were MTD and objective response rate (ORR). Results: From May 2018 to January 2020, a total of 31 patients with mCRC were enrolled. Anlotinib was well tolerated in combination with irinotecan with no MTD identified in the phase 1, and the RP2D was 12 mg. Thirty patients were evaluable for efficacy analysis. Eight patients achieved partial response, and 21 had stable disease, 1 had progressive disease. The ORR was 25.8% and the disease control rate was 93.5%. With a median follow-up duration of 29.5 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.9 months (95% CI: 3.7, 9.3) and 17.6 months (95% CI: 12.4, not evaluated), respectively. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (≥10%) were neutropenia (25.8%) and diarrhea (16.1%). There was no treatment-related death. Conclusion: The combination of anlotinib and irinotecan has promising anti-tumor activity in the second-line treatment of mCRC with a manageable safety profile.

Breviscapine Ameliorates Fear Extinction and Anxiety in BALB/cJ Mice

Objective@#In this research, the influence of breviscapine on anxiety, fear elimination, and aggression and the potential mechanism was investigated. @*Methods@#Anxiety and locomotion were analyzed by elevated plus maze and open field test in mice. Bussey-Saksida Mouse Touch Screen Chambers were used to perform fear conditioning. Territorial aggression was assessed by resident intruder test. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Breviscapine improved fear-extinction learning in BALB/cJ mice. @*Results@#Breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased center cross number, total distance traveled, and velocity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in open field test. In addition, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased the ratio of time on the open arm, time on the distal parts of the open arm, and total distance traveled in elevated plus maze. Breviscapine at 100 mg/kg increased the average attack latency and decreased the number of attacks over the last 3 days of resident intruder test. In hippocampus, protein levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were elevated by breviscapine at these three doses. @*Conclusion@#The administration of breviscapine alleviates fear extinction, anxiety, and aggression, while increases locomotor in a dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with its influence on synaptic function.

Research progress on cardiovascular effects of traffic-related air pollution and noise: Evidence from population-based and mechanism studies / 环境与职业医学

Traffic-related air pollution and noise are becoming increasingly prominent issues in the context of urbanization, both of which are modifiable environmental risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Those two kinds of traffic-related pollution may have combined effects on the cardiovascular system of human beings, but the biological mechanisms by which they may interact have not been elucidated yet. Thus, we reviewed the research progress based on published population-based and mechanism studies from five aspects, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, nervous system activation and stress hormones, coagulation dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction, providing indications for possible common biological pathways. Future studies can construct co-exposure scenarios for traffic-related air pollution and noise to explore their common biological mechanisms in the cardiovascular system by examining the reviewed pathways to provide a scientific basis for the protection of susceptible populations. In addition, the effect modification by individual characteristics and underlying diseases may merit further exploration.

Relationship between reduction of urban PM2.5 and mental health of middle-aged and elderly people after China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan / 环境与职业医学

Background Epidemiological evidence indicates an association of particulate matter with depression and cognitive performance. From 2013 to 2017, China implemented the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan to reduce particulate matter concentration. There are few studies on the relationship between the decrease of particulate matter concentration and the improvement of mental health in middle-aged and elderly people. Objective To analyze the relationship between the decrease of city-level particulate matter concentration and the improvement of depression and cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly population after the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. Methods Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data in 2011 and 2018, this study applied longitudinal data clustering technology to group cities based on the actual response of each city to the policy (the dynamic change trajectory of PM2.5 in each city during the study period); the higher the degree of response, the greater the reduction of PM2.5 concentration in the city. We assigned participants to three groups with different degrees of response to the policy, including low-response group A as the control group, medium-response intervention group B, and high-response intervention group C. A difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to estimate the influence of PM2.5 decline on the depression and cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly people in China by considering potential individual and city-level time-varying confounders. Depression was measured using the 10-item Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D10) (10 questions, total score range 0-30) with higher score representing higher severity of depression. Cognitive function was evaluated with reference to the international cognitive function test questionnaire for the middle-aged and the elderly which was further categorized into two dimensions of memory and cognitive status and included 31 questions with a score range of 0-31; the higher the score, the better the cognitive function. Samples with relatively complete outcomes were selected for analysis, including 10729 people in depression analysis and 4510 people in cognitive analysis. Results The longitudinal clustering results indicated that the urban groups with the highest decline of PM2.5 concentrations (high-response group C) had the highest baseline PM2.5 concentrations, mainly in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area, and Wuhan metropolitan area. In 2011, no significant differences were observed in depression and cognitive function among the three groups of middle-aged and elderly populations (Kruskal Wallis test: Pdepression=0.864, Pcognition=0.239). Significant differences were found in depression and cognitive function in both low-response group A and medium-response group B in 2018 compared to 2011 (paired Wilcox test, all P<0.001). However, in the high-response group C, there was no significant difference in depression in 2018 compared to 2011 (P=0.195), while a significant difference was detected in cognitive function (P=0.006). As PM2.5 concentrations decreased, the DID model showed that the depression of the middle-aged and elderly people in the high-response group C decreased by 7.55% (95%CI: 2.83%-12.03%), and the cognitive function improved by 2.70% (95%CI: 0.25%-5.22%) compared with the low-response group A. However, no intervention effect was observed in group B with moderate response level compared with group A with low response level. Conclusion After the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan policy, the decrease of PM2.5 concentration has an ameliorative effect on the depression and cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly people in China. Given the aging population and the increasing burden of mental-related diseases in China, the promotion of environmental air pollution control has important public health implications.

A consensus on the management of allergy in kindergartens and primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Demographic difference and influencing factors of motivations between whole blood and plasmapheresis donors: a comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the difference of demographics and influencing factors of motivations between whole blood donors and plasmapheresis donors, so as to provide scientific reference for effective recruitment strategy. 【Methods】 A total of 200 whole blood donors from Guangyuan Blood Center and 200 plasmapheresis donors from Jiange Plasmapheresis Station were selected in August 2021 for on-site questionnaire survey using the method of cross-sectional survey. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. 【Results】 There were significant differences in gender, age, occupation, education level and annual family income between whole blood donors and plasmapheresis donors (P<0.05). Males accounted for a large proportion of whole blood donors(124/196, 63.3%), whereas females accounted for a large proportion of plasmapheresis donors(117/198, 59.1%). There was little difference in the number of whole blood donors in different age groups, while the age of plasmapheresis donors was concentrated in 40~59 years old (167/198, 84.3%). In terms of occupation, civil servants (including public institutions) accounted the highest proportion in whole blood donors (41/196, 20.9%), and farmers accounted the highest proportion (152/198, 76.8%) in plasmapheresis donors. The number of whole blood donors increased with the education level, and donors with college/university and above degree accounted the largest proportion (80/196, 40.8%). Plasmapheresis donors with junior middle school education and college/university and above accounted the largest and smallest proportion (49.5% vs 4.5%). The annual family income of whole blood donors ranged from 30 000 to 80 000 yuan accounted the largest proportion (109/196, 55.6%), and the annual family income of plasmapheresis donors less than 30 000 yuan accounted the largest proportion (132/198, 66.7%). 【Conclusion】 There were significant statistical differences in gender, age, education level, occupation and annual family income between whole blood and plasmapheresis donors. Therefore, targeted recruitment strategies should be formulated.

Analysis of the impact of setting up plasmapheresis station on the collection volume of voluntary blood donation based on panel vector autoregressive model / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the dynamic relationship between the setting up of plasmapheresis station and the volume of voluntary blood donation collected using panel vector autoregressive model, so as to provide scientific reference for the management policies of blood stations and plasmapheresis stations in China. 【Methods】 The data collected from blood stations in seven administrative regions of Guangyuan, Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, as well as plasma collection data from two plasmapheresis stations in the region within two years since their operation, were collected. A panel vector autoregressive model was constructed. Impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis were used to analyze the impact and time lag effects of simulated plasmapheresis station settings on the collection volume of voluntary blood donation. Covariance analysis was used to explore whether the establishment of plasmapheresis station had an impact on the volume of voluntary blood donation collected after excluding the impact of initial value differences. 【Results】 The pulse response results showed that after the plasmapheresis station was set up, there was a negative impact effect on the voluntary blood donation collection volume at the first stage, and its impact began to rise after the second stage, reached the highest value in the third stage, and then began to decline. After the seventh stage, it tended to be stable. However, within the 10 stage range, the confidence interval for the response strength of voluntary blood donation collection volume always included 0, indicating that the response of blood collection volume to the plasmapheresis station setting in the region was not statistically significant. The results of variance decomposition showed that the contribution of collection volume of voluntary blood donation to their own impact reached 94.3%. In terms of the contribution of plasmapheresis station factors, the number of plasma donors has a relatively greater impact on the volume of voluntary blood donation collected(2.2%). Covariance analysis showed that after removing the initial confounding factors, whether to establish a plasmapheresis station had no significant impact on blood donation volume in the two groups of regions (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The establishment of a new plasmapheresis station will have a certain impact on blood collection volume of blood stations in the region in a short term, but in the long term, it may not directly affect the voluntary blood donation collection in the region.

Investigation and analysis of characteristics and mobility of the overlapping population of voluntary blood donation and plasmapheresis donation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the characteristics and mobility of the overlapping population of voluntary blood donation and plasmapheresis donation, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of recruitment and retention strategies for blood donation and plasmapheresis donation, and to further propose a scientific reference for the decision-making of blood banks and plasmapheresis station management in China. 【Methods】 The basic information of blood donors and plasmapheresis donors in two counties in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, which carried out whole blood collection and plasmapheresis collection from the establishment of the station to July 31, 2021 was statistically compared and analzed using the chi-square test and Post hoc testing test. 【Results】 As of July 31, 2021, a total of 50 658 people participated in blood donation and 63 375 people participated in plasmapheresis donation in Jiange County and Cangxi County, with a total overlap of 6 189 people. In the two regions, 16 458 (35.2%) people aged 40 to 50, and 35 558 people (56.1%) were over 50 years old. Among the overlapping population, 2 496 (40.3%) were 40 to 50 years old, accounted for the largest proportion, and 3 146 (50.8%) were males. Significant differences were noticed in age (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001). There was a shift in dontion in 5 183, including 2 072 people from plasma to blood and 3 111 people from blood to plasma, among which 2 671 (51.5%) were men and 3 632 (70.1%) were over 50 years old, with significant differences in gender (P<0.05) and age (P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 There were a small number of donors donating both blood and plasma in Jiange and Cangxi, and men aged 40 to 50 were the majority, and people over 50 years old were more likely to shift the donation goals. The vast majority of donors have a single and fixed donation goal (blood or plasma), and are not easy to change.

A cohort study of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the characteristics of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the factors influencing the development of VIPN.@*METHODS@#The children with ALL, aged 1-18 years, who were treated with CCCG-ALL2015 or CCCG-ALL2020 regimen in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to February 2022 were enrolled as subjects. According to the influence of age on risk, the children were divided into 1-10 years group with 91 children and >10 years group with 29 children. VIPN was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (5th edition), and the incidence rate, severity, and type of VIPN were compared between different groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 120 children were enrolled in this study, among whom 56 (46.7%) developed VIPN. The >10 years group had a significantly higher incidence rate of VIPN than the 1-10 years group (69% vs 40%, P<0.05). Among the 56 children with VIPN, 12 (21%) had grade 3 VIPN or above, and 44 (79%) had grade 2 VIPN. There were 77 cases of autonomic nerve symptoms (59.7%), 42 cases of peripheral nerve injury (32.5%), and 10 cases of cranial nerve injury (7.8%). There were no significant differences in the severity and type of VIPN between the groups with different ages, sexes, degrees of risk, or treatment regimens (P>0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that age is the influencing factor for the occurrence of VIPN (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is a relatively high incidence rate of VIPN in children with ALL, with the highest incidence rate of autonomic nervous symptoms. The incidence of VIP in children over 10 years old is relatively high.

Content determination of seven active components of Eucommiae Cortex in aortic vascular endothelial cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

In the present study, the contents of seven active components [genipinic acid(GA), protocatechuic acid(PCA), neochlorogenic acid(NCA), chlorogenic acid(CA), cryptochlorogenic acid(CCA),(+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranosid(PDG), and(+)-pinoresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(PG)] of Eucommiae Cortex in aortic vascular endothelial cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) were simultaneously determined by ultra-high liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The qualified SHR models were selected. The primary aortic endothelial cells(VECs) of rats were separated and cultured by ligation and adherence, followed by subculture. After successful identification, an UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously determining the contents of GA, PCA, NCA, CA, CCA, PDG, PG in seven components of Eucommiae Cortex in VECs was established, including specificity, linearity, matrix effect, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability. The established method had the lo-west limit of quantification of 0.97-4.95 μg·L~(-1), accuracy of 87.26%-109.6%, extraction recovery of 89.23%-105.3%, matrix effect of 85.86%-106.2%, and stability of 86.00%-112.5%. Therefore, the established accurate UPLC-MS/MS method could rapidly and simultaneously determine the contents of the seven active components of Eucommiae Cortex in VECs of SHRs, which provided a refe-rence for the study of cellular pharmacokinetics of active components of Eucommiae Cortex extract.

Microfluidic Chip and Flow Cytometry for Examination of the Antiplatelet Effect of Ticagrelor / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To examine the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor by microfluidic chip and flow cytometry under shear stress in vitro. Methods Microfluidic chip was used to examine the effect of ticagrelor on platelet aggregation at the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s.We adopted the surface coverage of platelet aggregation to calculate the half inhibition rate of ticagrelor.The inhibitory effect of ticagrelor on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was verified by optical turbidimetry.Microfluidic chip was used to construct an in vitro vascular stenosis model,with which the platelet reactivity under high shear rate was determined.Furthermore,the effect of ticagrelor on the expression of fibrinogen receptor (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62P) on platelet membrane activated by high shear rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results At the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s,ticagrelor inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner,and the inhibition at 300/s was stronger than that at 1500/s (both P<0.001).Ticagrelor at a concentration ≥4 μmol/L almost completely inhibited platelet aggregation.The inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by ticagrelor was similar to the results under flow conditions and also in a concentration-dependent manner.Ticagrelor inhibited the expression of PAC-1 and CD62P. Conclusion We employed microfluidic chip to analyze platelet aggregation and flow cytometry to detect platelet activation,which can reveal the responses of different patients to ticagrelor.

Geographic Variations in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults in 2018-2019: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial patterns of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia at the provincial level in China.@*METHODS@#A national and provincial representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178,558 Chinese adults in 31 provinces in mainland China in 2018-2019, using a multi-stage, stratified, cluster-randomized sampling design. Subjects, as households, were selected, followed by a home visit to collect information. Both descriptive and linear regression procedures were applied in the analyses.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.6%, and wide geographic variations of prevalence, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were identified among 178,558 eligible participants with a mean age of 55.1 ± 13.8 years. The highest-lowest difference regarding the provincial level prevalence rates were 19.7% vs. 2.1% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16.7% vs. 2.5% for high total cholesterol, 35.9% vs. 5.4% for high triglycerides, and 31.4% vs. 10.5% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment rate of dyslipidemia was correlated with the socio-demographic index ( P < 0.001), urbanization rate ( P = 0.01), and affordable basic technologies and essential medicines ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Prevailing dyslipidemia among the Chinese population and its wide geographic variations in prevalence, treatment, and control suggest that China needs both integrated and localized public health strategies across provinces to improve lipid management.