The construction of comprehensive stroke prevention and control system requires attention to the precise policies of young stroke / 中华预防医学杂志

Youth is the core force of social and economic development, once the occurrence of youth stroke will place a heavy burden on society and family. However, the prevention and control of stroke in China is mainly aimed at middle-aged and elderly patients, the part of young stroke is relatively easy to be ignored. This article focuses on the characteristics, research progress, prevention and control status of young stroke, pointing out the importance of centering on the prevention and treatment of young stroke. At the same time, it hopes that the industry can concentrate on the prevention and treatment of young stroke, making precise policies in the future, and developing secondary prevention guidelines for the causes or risk factors of young stroke, so as to improve comprehensive stroke prevention and control system. On this basis, the health level of the whole population will be improved, and the life expectancy of residents will be extended, thus promoting the realization of the strategic goal of "Healthy China 2030".

Inhibitory activities of Lignum Sappan extractives on growth and growth-related signaling of tumor cells / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the active constituents of Lignum Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on growth-related signaling and cell mitosis.@*METHOD@#The influence of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Lignum Sappan and its constituents on growth-related signaling were evaluated by a luciferase assay in cells stably-transfected with NF-κB, STAT1, or STAT3 responsive luciferase reporter plasmid. The inhibitory effect on the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The anti-tumor activities were assessed in vitro and in vivo.@*RESULTS@#The EtOAc extract of Lignum Sappan had inhibitory activities on growth-related signaling and cell mitosis. Three major active compounds were sappanchalcone, brazilin, and butein. Sappanchalcone blocked cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase, brazilin inhibited TNFα/NF-κB signaling, while butein inhibited IL-6/STAT3 signaling, as well as TNFα/NF-κB signaling. The three compounds all demonstrated cytotoxic activities against human tumor cells in vitro. In a S180 tumor cell-bearing mice model, the anti-tumor efficacy of the EtOAc extract was better than the individual compounds acting alone.@*CONCLUSION@#These results indicate that Lignum Sappan contains multiple active compounds with different antitumor activities, which act synergistically to enhance their anti-tumor effects. The EtOAc extract of Lignum Sappan may be better than individual active constituent as a novel medicine for the treatment of cancer.

Role of telomerase reverse transcriptase in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of rats with pre-stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of electrical pre-stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on protein expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in rats with focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and its mechanism of mitochondrial protection. Methods Adult male Wistar rats (n=150) were randomly divided into a vehicle group (2-hcerebral ischemia,followed by 24,48 and 72 h of reperfusion) and a FN stimulation group (electrical stimulation of the FN for 1-h daily before 2-h cerebral ischemia,followed by 24,48 and 72 h of reperfusion).TTC staining was employed to measure ischemic lesion volumes.Western blotting was used to observe TERT and Bax protein expressions.The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to detect the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure. Results The size of the cerebral infarct in the vehicle group was significantly larger than that in the FN stimulation group at all reperfusion time points (P＜0.05).The relative value of TERT protein expression in the FN stimulation group (0.87±0.51,0.91 ±0.40 and 0.80±0.24) was also obviously higher than that in the vehicle group (0.73±0.37,0.80±0.51 and 0.64±0.33) at all reperfusion time points (P＜0.05); however, a significantly reduced number of TUNEL-positive cells in the FN stimulation group (53.60±5.18,64.00±2.37 and 49.83±4.26) was noted as compared with that in the vehicle group (63.57±3.74,75.40±5.55 and 60.00±2.37) at all reperfusion time points (P＜0.05).No significant difference on Bax protein expression was noted between the vehicle group and FN stimulation group (P＞0.05).The degree ofmitochondrial damage in the FN stimulation group (1.50±0.41,1.75±0.52 and 1.33±0.52) was also significantly lower than that in the vehicle group (2.50±0.63,3.08±0.58 and 2.33±0.41) at all reperfusion time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion TERT protein expression is significantly increased following FN stimulation, which can reduce ischcmic neuronal apoptosis by protecting the mitochondrial dysfunction.

Correlation between R219K polymorphism in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene and ischemic stroke in young adults / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between the R219K polymorphism in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene and arterial ischemic stroke in young adults. Methods The R219K polymorphism in the ABCA1 from 131 young patients with ischemic stroke and 135 age- and gender-matched controls was explored using polymerase chain reaction technique. The level of plasma lipids in the two groups was determined and carotid ultrasonography was employed to measure the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Results The frequency distributions of R219K genotype was significantly different between young patients and controls, and the patients held fewer KK genotypes than the the controls (P<0.05); the K allele frequency in patients was less than that in controls (P<0.05). The KK genotype and ischemic stroke were negatively correlative (OR=0.379, 95% CI [0.160-0.899]), so is the RK+KK genotype (OR=0.563,95% CI [0.337-0.940]). The level of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, Apo-A and Apo-B in the K allele carriers did not obviously differ as compared with that in the non-K allele carriers for both patients and controls (P>0.05); the level of HDL-C in the K allele carriers was significantly higher as compared with that in the non-K allele carriers (P<0.05). The body mass index and prevalence of cigarette smoking, hypertension and diabetes did not show significant difference between the K allele carriers and the non-K allele carriers in patients; IMT of the patients with K allele carriers obviously decreased as compared with that with non-K allele carriers (P<0.05). Conclusion R219K polymorphism in A BCA1 gene may be connected to the decreased risk of ischemic stroke in young adults and K allele may play its genetic protective roles,the mechanism of which is the decrement of carotid IMT to resist the atherosclerosis in a way of increasing the level of HDL-C.

Clinical observation on effect of modified Daotan Decoction combined with small dose risperidone in treating chronic schizophrenia / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified Daotan Decoction (DD) combining low dosage of risperidone in treating chronic schizophrenia patients of phlegm-dampness blockage type, and compare with patients treated with risperidone alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-five inpatients were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group (34 cases) treated with DD (with conventional dosage) one dose per day and risperidone 3.16 +/- 0.73 mg/d, and the control group (31 cases) treated with risperidone 5.11 +/- 1.27 mg/d alone, the course for both groups was 8 weeks. The effect was evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), and the adverse reaction was assessed with treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the overall efficacy between the two groups, but the improvement of the negative symptoms, illness provocation and general psychopathologic condition was significantly better in the treatment group than that in the control group respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, the adverse reaction was milder and less in the former than that in the latter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of DD combined with low dosage of risperidone is effective on chronic schizophrenia and shows less adverse reaction.</p>