Frequency and types of partially edentulous maxillary arches among the patients reporting at rakcods clinics

For the enhanced quality of life among the individuals or patients, oral hygiene is the most momentous approach. The general health status of the patients gets affected, if the oral health status is compromised, particularly in condition of tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types and frequency of partial tooth loss [Partially Edentulous] of the maxillary arches in the patients who reported at RAKCODS clinics. The study applied cross section approaches for gathering data and by using random approaches, total 450 patient's files were selected from the record. A proforma was used in order to collect data of the participants. Out of 450, 110 females and 340 males' files were used for this purpose. Results revealed that the tooth loss was most prevalent in the age group of 21-30 years. A considerable number of patients had gone through partially tooth loss and no modification was observed. The maxillary loss was not much common in comparison with the mandible loss. According to this study the occurrence of maxillary partially edentulous arches was higher among the age group of 21-31 years. This study was clinically relevant as it adds information that Kennedy's class 3 is the most common in the patients reported at the RAKCODS clinics, and mandibular tooth loss is more common than maxillary tooth loss

Frequency of three canals in permanent maxillary second premolars [in vitro]

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of three canals in extracted permanent maxillary second premolars. This was an in vitro study conducted at the Dental Outpatient's Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro from January 2007 to June 2007. This study included one hundred and fifty extracted permanent maxillary second premolars. Pulp chambers were accessed using round bur in a high speed hand piece. The pulp chambers were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 12 hours to dissolve pulp tissues, then rinsed under running tap water for 2 hours and dried overnight. The dye was introduced coronally and flooded throughout the pulp space by vacuum suction apically. Teeth were then decalcified in 5% nitric acid solution for five days. Eventually teeth were made clear by dipping in methyl salicylate and examined under operating microscope under 7.5 x magnification for frequency of the three canals. Results showed that three canals were found in 2% of the permanent maxillary second premolars. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the results. It was concluded that an accurate clinical as well as radiographic diagnosis based on knowledge of root canal morphology and critical interpretation of radiographs is essential for achieving better outcome of endodontic treatment of the permanent maxillary second premolars

Management of diabetes mellitus patients in prosthodontics

Diabetes Mellitus is a nutritional metabolic disorder characterize by various oral and systemic problems. These patients when referred to dentist or prosthodontist for the provision of prosthetic treatment require multidisciplinary approach. In this article special focus is emphasized on the various factors important factors to be kept in mind when providing prosthodontic treatment for such patients

prevalence of tobacco consumption in youth of Karachi, Pakistan - a pilot study

The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of tobacco consumption in young people and observe its association with second hand smoking. It is a pilot study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Following are the objectives of this study: This pilot study will help to proceed with conducting validated Global Youth Tobacco Survey [GYTS] in Karachi using standard methodology in future. It will also establish current and life time prevalence of smoking in young people of Karachi, Pakistan. To study correlation between young people consuming tobacco and the effect of environmental tobacco smoke [second hand smoking]. A cross sectional study was conducted in a private school in Karachi. School was selected through convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 76 students both boys and girls had equal opportunity to participate in the survey. A Validated GYTS questionnaire was used. The current prevalence of smoking is 16% while the students who ever smoked is 41% which is comparatively high to other Global Youth Tobacco Survey [GYTS] conducted in other cities in Pakistan, The results matched with GYTS Eastern Mediterranean Regions which reports 15.3% as current smokers. Environmental tobacco smoke or second hand smoking reported was statistically significant. In this study environmental tobacco smoke [ETS] second hand smoking has been considered as an associated factor and has correlation with tobacco consumption in young people in Karachi. Further research is needed by conducting GYTS using the standard methodology and tobacco awareness programmes need to be integrated in health promoting schools to reduce the ETS

Application of tissue conditioner reduces candida colonies count in patients with denture related stomatitis

Some 50% patients wearing complete dentures [CD] develop denture related stomatitis [DRS]. Candida albicans are the predominant infective organisms causing DRS. Several approaches have been recommended to treat DRS in elderly but the outcome is unpredictable because of poor patients' compliance. The effect of the application of tissue conditioner, on Candida albicans colonies reduction in DRS patients. This was an interventional, Quasi Experimental study of one year duration from January 2007 to December 2007. Using a purposive convenience sampling technique, 36 DRS patients wearing maxillary CDs were selected. In each subject, a layer of a polymeric resin based tissue conditioning material was applied to the fitting surface of their maxillary complete denture. Comparison of candida colonies counts was made that were cultivated from swabs obtained from the palatal mucosa of patients before and 3 days after the application of the tissue conditioner. The reduction in the number of Candida colonies on the palatal mucosa was significant [p<.05]. Treatment of DRS with tissue conditioner was effective against Candida albicans especially in non-compliant patients

Pattern of tooth loss in the maxillary arch: a study conducted at Ishrat Ulibad instiute of Oral Health Sciences, Duhs Karachi

The aim of the study is to record the frequency and pattern of missing maxillary teeth in a sample population of Karchi, Pakistan. A total of 4000 patients were screened at Dr. Ishratul-Ibad Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi. Out of the total, 3621 patients were selected for the study, Student's test was used to analyzed the data using SPSS 10. Total missing maxillary teeth were 2197 [60.6%] out of the total molars were 1119 [30.9%], premolars were 537 [14.8%], canine 156 [4.3%] and incisors 385 [10.6%].No significant difference was seen between male and female. The present cross sectional study formulates a base line data to depict the pattern of tooth loss and its frequency in our Pakistani population

Dental caries experience in patients attending Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad institute of oral health sciences, dubs, Karachi

The objective of the present study was to determine the caries experience in the patients attending a public sector hospital. A total 4000 patients were screened at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi. Out of total 3620 patients were selected for the study. A prescribed perform of out door department was used to collect the information regarding the Biodata and DMFT [decayed, missing and filled teeth] score of an individual. From 3620 patients 1911 were males and 1709 were female. The DMFT index of total subjects examined was 3.92 SD+278. Whereas, female have OMET score 3.94 SD +/- 2.77 compared to male DMFT score 3.89 SD+2.78.Significantly higher [p-value <.05] DMFT score was recorded in older age groups compared to younger age groups. There was a considerable high level of caries rate found in patients attending the public sector dental hospital