Analysis of Chinese Medical Syndrome Features of Ischemic Stroke Based on Similarity of Symptoms Subgroup / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients.@*METHODS@#By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup.@*RESULTS@#Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.

Rule of point selection in treatment of cerebral palsy in children with acupuncture based on data mining of 1584 electronic medical records / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the rule of point selection in treatment of cerebral palsy with acupuncture in preschool children.@*METHODS@#Based on the electronic medical records of Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of TCM, through structuring medical record text, acupuncture prescriptions were extracted. Using the data mining tools of the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform V2.2.3 and the clinical effective prescription and molecular mechanism analysis system of traditional Chinese medicine V2.0, the cluster analysis and complex network analysis were conducted on acupuncture prescriptions.@*RESULTS@#Of 1584 acupuncture prescriptions for cerebral palsy in children, there were 84 acupoints and stimulating areas of scalp acupuncture, of which, foot-motor-sensory area, balance area and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were the top 3 acupoints with the highest use rate. With cluster analysis, 5 groups of common supplementary acupoints and stimulating areas were found, named, Weizhong (BL 40) and Waiguan (TE 5), Shousanli (LI 10), Xingjian (LR 2), Xuanzhong (GB 39) and Chengfu (BL 36), foot-motor-sensory area, balance area and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Xuehai (SP 10) and Fenglong (ST 40), Pishu (BL 20), motor area and Yanglingquan (GB 34). With complex network analysis on core prescriptions, 13 core acupoints and stimulating areas of scalp acupuncture were obtained, including 3 core main points, i.e. Sanyinjiao (SP 6), balance area and foot-motor-sensory area and 10 sub-core points, i.e. Taichong (LR 3), motor area, Xuehai (SP 10), Ganshu (BL 18), Pishu (BL 20), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Baihui (GV 20), Fengchi (GB 20) and Shenshu (BL 23).@*CONCLUSION@#In treatment of acupuncture for cerebral palsy in preschool children, the core prescriptions reveal the simultaneous treatment of exterior and interior, the mutual regulation of

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with domestic prostheses for patients with severely stenotic bicuspid aortic valve / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with domestic prostheses in patients with severely stenotic bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Methods: This study was a prospective single-center non-randomized controlled study. Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), who underwent TAVR with domestic prostheses at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2016 to April 2020 were consecutively included in our study. Patients were divided into BAV group and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) group according to the aortic valve morphology. Baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes were compared between the two groups, and the primary endpoint was one-month all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 100 patients aged (69.8±8.9) years were enrolled, including 71 (71%) males. There were 51 cases in BAV group and 49 cases in TAV group. Compared with TAV group, patient in the BAV group was younger ((67.1±8.6) years vs. (72.7±8.4) years, P=0.002) and had larger ascending aortic diameter at proximal part ((39.7±5.7) mm vs. (36.0±4.2) mm, P<0.001), lower Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score (3.1 (1.9, 5.4) % vs. 5.9 (2.6, 12.3) %, P=0.002). In BAV group and TAV group, the incidence of 2nd prosthesis implantation was 15.7% (8/51) and 18.4% (9/49) (P=0.721), the incidence of moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation was 2.0% (1/51) and 0 (P=1.000), the rate of device success was 82.4% (42/51) and 81.6% (40/49) (P=0.925), respectively. One-month all-cause mortality was 2.0% (1/51) and 10.2% (5/49) (P=0.108), respectively. Echocardiography showed that postprocedural mean pressure gradient (PGmean) was higher in the BAV group (13.0 (10.0, 16.0) mmHg vs. 9.0 (7.0, 14.0) mmHg, P=0.003) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), but the PGmean decrease post procedure as compared with that before TAVR was similar between the two groups ((36.7±16.6) mmHg vs. (36.2±17.5) mmHg, P=0.893). Conclusion: Favorable safety and efficacy are evidenced in patients with severely stenotic BAV undergoing TAVR with domestic prostheses.

Protective Effect of Modified Sinisan on Depression-induced Liver Injury in Rat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of modified Sinisan on liver injury caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with solitary nutrition method based on a depression model. Method:Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group, depression model group, fluoxetine group (1.58 mg·kg-1·d-1), and low, medium and high-dose modified Sinisan (3.67, 7.34, 14.68 g·kg-1·d-1) groups, with 8 rats in each group. After the administration of the model, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST） in serum and the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, interleukin（IL）-1β, and IL-6 in liver tissues were measured by a biochemical kit method. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of cysteine aspastic acid-specific protease-3 (Caspase-3) and cleaved Caspase-3 in liver cells after intervention with modified Sinisan. Result:Compared with the normal group, the biochemical test showed that the levels of ALT and AST in the serum of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, low, medium-dose modified Sinisan groups significantly reduced serum ALT, AST and inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P<0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the normal group, the protein expression of Caspase-3 in model rat liver cells decreased, while the protein expression of cleaved Caspase-3 increased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group, low, medium-dose modified Sinisan groups could up-regulate Caspase-3 protein expression, and down-regulated the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 protein（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Chronic stress-induced depression model can cause liver damage. Modified Sinisan can have the hepatoprotective effect by regulating the levels of various physiological, biochemical and inflammatory factor indicators, and inhibiting liver cell apoptosis.

Reconstruction of large facial defects via excision of skin cancer by using mandibular flap / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of the mandibular flap application on one-stage repairing facial large defects after resection of skin tumors.@*Methods@#Thirteen patients with malignant facial skin tumors were treated from June 2016 to June 2018 in Taizhou First Hospital department of Plastic Surgery. The lesion included zygomatic in 3 cases (including 2 cases of non-adjacent defects in zygomatic area), buccal area area in 2 cases, parotid masseter in 6 cases and compound area in 2 cases. Pathological findings included 8 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 4 cases of basal cell carcinoma and 1 case of fibrosarcoma. Using Mohs method resect the skin tumor (Rapid pathology intraoperatively to ensure lesion was all removed ). According to the diameter and location of the defect, the mandibular Flap was used to repair the large scale defects in a one-stage operation.@*Results@#All mandibular Flap survived. During a follow-up period from 6 to 24 months, all patients obtained excellent functional and aesthetic result, and none had local recurrence.@*Conclusions@#The flexible application of mandibular Flap can basically solve the problem of repairing a large area of facial skin and soft tissue defect in zygomatic, buccal and parotid masseter of the face, which is one of the ideal methods to repair the tissue defects after resection of facial malignant tumor for the middle and old age.

Active substance fractions and effects of Shugan Hewei Tang on hippocampal meurotransmitters in rat model of chronic stress-induced depression / 中国中药杂志

To study the antidepressant effect of Shugan Hewei Tang on chronic stress depression model rats, and select the effective substance fractions. Several male SD rats were randomly divided into 17 groups: blank control group, model group, positive control group(fluoxetine), Shugan Hewei Tang high and low dose groups, 6 high and low dose groups of different substance fractions. After modeling for 3 weeks and administration for 1 week, the effective substance fractions were selected according to the body mass and behavioral performance of SD rats in each group; several neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats were determined by LC-MS/MS method, including norepinephrine(NE), serotonin(5-HT), 5-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), r-aminobutyric acid(GABA), and glutamic acid(Glu). Behavioral results after modeling showed that as compared with the blank group, the body mass growth of the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01); the sugar water consumption was reduced(P<0.01); the distance between the open field and the number of crossing the central area were also significantly reduced(P<0.01, P<0.01); the resting time was increased significantly(P<0.01); and the forced swimming time was significantly prolonged(P<0.01), indicating that the depression model was effective. After intragastric administration, as compared with the model group, the above detection indicators of volatile oils, total polysaccharides and terpenoid in Fluoxetine, Shugan Hewei Tang groups were all changed(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of NE, 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampus of the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01), and the levels of 5-HIAA and Glu were significantly increased(P<0.01). As compared with the model group, neurotransmitters of the treatment groups were changed obviously or significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Shugan Hewei Tang showed obvious anti-depressant effects, and the volatile oils, total polysaccharides and terpenoids acted as the main active substances. The mechanism of anti-depression may be related to its regulation of various neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus.

Effects of Shugan Hewei Decoction and active substance fractions on behavior and neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamus of depression model rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of Shugan Hewei Decoction and its active substance fractions on behavior and neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamus of depression model rats,and preliminarily explore its possible mechanism. Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,fluoxetine( positive control) group,Shugan Hewei Decoction high and low dose groups,high and low dose groups of three different substance fractions. After 3 weeks' CUMS and social isolation to induce models,intragastrical administration lasted for 7 d. Behavioral experiments( sucrose consumption test,open-field test,and forced swimming test) were then performed to evaluate the depression status of rats. Several neurotransmitters in hypothalamus of rats were determined by LC-MS/MS method,including dapamine( DA),norepinephrine( NE),serotonin( 5-HT),5-indoleacetic acid( 5-HIAA),γ-aminobutyric acid( GABA),and glutamic acid( Glu). As compared with the blank control group,the sucrose consumption was reduced( P<0. 01); the total distance and the number of crossing the central area were also significantly reduced( P< 0. 01,P< 0. 01),while the resting time increased significantly( P<0. 01); the forced swimming time was significantly prolonged( P<0. 01); DA,5-HT,NE,5-HIAA and GABA levels in hypothalamus were significantly reduced( P < 0. 01),while Glue level was significantly increased( P < 0. 01) in model group. As compared with the model group,all the above indexes had changes in fluoxetine group,Shugan Hewei Decoction whole recipe groups,volatile oils group,polysaccharides group,and terpenoids group( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Shugan Hewei Decoction whole recipe and its active substance fractions can improve the behavior of depression model rats and may exert anti-depression effects by regulating the content of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus.

Application of endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol and methylene blue in sclerotherapy of esophageal varices / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To discuss the application of endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol and methylene blue in sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with esophageal varices underwent endoscopic treatment from June 2014 to February 2016 were collected, including 26 cases treated by endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol (A group) and 36 cases treated by endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol and methylene blue (B group). The treatment effects, success rate of hemostasis, safety, complications and follow-up recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate and success rate of emergency hemostasis in B group were slightly higher than those in A group (P > 0.05). The times of treatment for eliminating esophageal varices in B group was less than that in A group, and the duration of treatment was shorter than that in A group (P < 0.05). The long-term rebleeding rate and total bleeding rate in B group were lower than those in A group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence rate in B group were lower than those in A group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol and methylene blue is effective in the treatment of esophageal varices, and the hemostatic effect is good. The incidence of postoperative complications and the recurrence rate are low.

Clinical application of tarso-conjunctival flap in reconstruction of posterior eyeliddefects of eyelid tumors / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the application effect of tarso-conjunctival flap for one-stage repairing eyelid posterior defect after resection of eyelid tumors.@*Methods@#From June 2014 to December 2016, 33 patients with 33 cases of eyelid posterior tumors were treated, including 21 cases of Pigmented nevus of eyelid, 7 cases of eyelid basal cell carcinoma, 3 cases of eyelid adenocarcinoma and 2 cases of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma. Direct resection was performed for eyelid nevus, Mohs method (intraoperative delivery of frozen sections to control the cut edge) resection was performed for malignant tumors. According to the scope and location of the defect, the tarso-conjunctival flap was used to repair the posterior defect of the eyelid, and the eyelid anterior defect was treated with local flap transfer.@*Results@#All 33 patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months. In addition to the absence of eyelashes in the defect area, one case had mild blepharoptomy (1 mm) and recovered after self-recovery. The remaining cases had recovered in appearance and function of eyelid with no serious complications.@*Conclusions@#The flexible application of tarso-conjunctival flap can basically solve the problem of repairing eyelid posterior defect after resection of eyelid tumors. The operation method has clinical practical value.

Quantitative analysis of T2 value of shoulder joint cartilage in healthy young adult using T2 mapping / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To investigate the feasibility of T2 mapping in evaluating the composition of shoulder cartilage,and to quantitatively analyze T2 values of articular cartilage in healthy young volunteers.Methods Oblique coronal T2 mapping imaging with 8 echo was performed in bilateral shoulder of 16 young healthy volunteers.The pseudo-color map was obtained with post-processing.The shoulder joint cartilage was equally divided into the external,central and internal zones,and T2 values were measured quantitatively.T2 values in the external,central and internal zones were analyzed and compared.T2 values of cartilage between male and female volunteers as well as between left and right sides were analyzed.Resuits T2 values in the external,central and internal zones of cartilage were (38.67 ± 2.82)ms,(38.41 ± 2.52)ms and (36.49± 1.80)ms,respectively.The overall difference was statistically significant (F=7.789,P=0.001).T2 values in the external and central zones of cartilage were larger than those in the internal zone (both P＜0.05).T2 values of cartilagehad no significant differences between the left and right sides in the external,central and internal zones (all P＞0.05).There was significant difference of T2 value in the central zone (P＜0.05),while no significant difference of T2 value in the external and internal zones between different genders was found (both P＞0.05).Conclusion T2 mapping imaging can be used to evaluate the composition of shoulder cartilage changes.

Research Progress in Black Queen Cell Virus Causing Disease / 病毒学报

In nature, honeybees are the most important pollinators. They play a vital role in both protecting the diversity of natural ecosystems, and maintaining the yield-improving effects of agroecosystems. But in recent years, epidemic disease in bees has caused huge losses. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is a bee pathogen that was first reported in 1955. It mainly infects bee larvae and pupae, making their bodies turn dark and black, and causing a massive decrease in the bee population. More specifically, the virus makes the exterior of the cell walls in the larvae and pupae turn black. BQCV is a seasonal epidemic, spread by means horizontal and vertical transmission, and is often unapparent. BQCV not only infects a variety of bee species, but also spiders, centipedes and other arthropods. It can also be coinfected with other honeybee viruses. In recent years, research has shown that the Nosema intestinal parasite plays an important role in BQCV transmission and bees carrying Nosema that become infected with BQCV have increased mortality. Here we summarize current research on the incidence, prevalence, geographical distribution and transmission of BQCV.

Temporally Relationship between Renal Local Clock System and Circadian Rhythm of the Water Electrolyte Excretion / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of the circadian rhythm of the urine volume and urine electrolytes excretion rate and the daily expression pattern of the clock genes and clock-controlled genes with the water electrolyte transportation circadian pattern in rat kidneys.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult SD rats were exposed to in a light:dark (12:12) cycles. We collected two period urine from zeitgeber time (ZT)00:00-ZT12:00 (light time,rest period) and ZT12:00-24:00 (dark time,activity period) and then compared the urinary excretion rates of volume, sodium, potassium, and chloride at light time with those at dark time. Rats were sacrificed every 4 hours throughout a 24-hour day-night cycle. Circadian clock gene CLOCK, BMAL1,Per1,Per2,Cry1,Cry2 and kidney specific clock-controlled gene NHE3,αENaC、NCC,Ptges,V1aR,V2R expression were profiled by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analysed by a partial Fourier analysis and a stepwise regression technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Urine volume and urine potassium excretion rate displayed high level at dark time and low at light time in SD rats (P<0.05),and urine sodium and chloride excretion rate also showed the trend(P>0.05).Clock gene CLOCK,BMAL1,Per1,Per2,Cry1,Cry2(P<0.05)and kidney specific clock-controlled gene NHE3, αENaC, NCC, Ptges, V1aR, V2R (P<0.05)mRNA expression showed circadian pattern,and the peak times of the genes were in the dark time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urine volume and urine electrolyte excretion rate which displayed circadian pattern were temporally coupled with the rhythm of expression of clock and clock-controlled genes associated with water electrolyte transportation in rats kidney.</p>

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of Black Queen Cell Virus Strain China-JL1 / 病毒学报

Honeybee pupae were collected from Jilin apiaries and RNA was extracted for use as a tefnplate for amplification. Based on the complete genome sequences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) published on GenBank, we designed 10 pairs of primers to amplify genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using this approach, we have obtained the first complete genome sequence of a BQCV isolate in China. The genome of the isolated strain, named BQCV-JL1, is composed of 8358 nucleotides and shares between 86% and 93% homology with the complete genome sequences of the other six BQCV strains published on GenBank. ORF 1 of BQCV-JL1 is positioned between nucleot ides (nt) 546 and 4676 (4131 nt), while ORF 2 is located between nt 5750 and 8203. Between the two ORFs of BQCV-JL1 there is a short ORF, called ORF 3, between nt 4891 and 5433 (543 nt). The first functional gene ex- pression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is positioned between nt 546 and 5 429, encompassing both ORF 1 and ORF 3. There is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located before ORF 2, the last three bases of which are CCU (nt 5642-5644). These bases act as an initiation.codon facilitating the translation of ORF 2. The second functional gene expression domain of the BQCV-JL1 strain is located between nt positions 5642 and 8203. The BQCV-JL1 strain was found to share high sequence identity (93%) with the Hungary 10 genotype at the whole-genome level and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the BQCV-JL1 strain also shows close genetic relationships with the South Korea strain, suggesting that both the BQCV-JL1 and South Korea strains may have migrated from European countries. BQCV-JL1 strain was different from the other 6 strains in dividing the nucleotides positions of QRF, which vqs because of the gene mutation.

Fanconi syndrome caused by low-dose adefovir dipivoxil

Adefovir dipivoxil [ADV] at a low-dose [10 mg daily], which was previously considered not nephrotoxic, was reported to have induced acquired Fanconi syndrome [FS]. We report one 64-year-old Chinese woman and 2 Chinese men [ages 45 and 63 years] with bone pain, and/or muscle weakness on ADV therapy were diagnosed with low-dose ADV-induced FS. The serum phosphate normalized, or nearly normalized in the first and second patients after changing ADV to entecavir with, or without phosphate supplement, but did not improve significantly in the third patient after changing ADV to tenofovir, even though he was supplied with a higher dose of phosphate. Low-dose ADV-related FS is not rare in the Asian population. Regular monitoring of urine and serum phosphate is necessary during therapy with ADV. Prognosis was favorable, however, tenofovir is not a suitable replacement for ADV

Effect of coicis semen oil on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral urethral obstruction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and mechanism of Coicis Semen oil (Kanglaite injection, KLT) on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 in each group, the sham operated group, the model group, and the KLT group. Renal interstitial fibrosis model was established in rats by UUO. After administration of KLT (15 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 3, 7 and 14 days, the dynamic histological changes of renal interstitial tissues were observed and renal damage including tubular impairment and interstitial fibrosis were quantified on HE and Masson stained tissue sections. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were measured by immunohistochemistry staining sections. The protein expression of p-Smad2 and Smad7 were detected by Western blot respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The degree of tubular damage in KLT group was much lower than that in UUO group (P < 0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 was decreased in both UUO group and KLT group, while it was significantly lower in KLT group at every time point. The protein expression of p-Smad2 was obviously decreased while the protein expressions of Smad7 was obviously increased in KLT group, compared with the UUO group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coicis Semen oil could attenuate the tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, probable by intervening the TGF-beta/Smads signal transduction pathway of UUO rats.</p>

Clinical analysis of anti glomerular basement membrane disease with normal renal function / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of anti-glomerular basement membrane(GBM) disease with normal renal function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic data of 6 patients with anti-GBM disease and normal renal function in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Furthermore, 29 patients with anti-GBM disease and impaired renal function in the same period in the same hospital were enrolled as the control group. Factors that may influence the prognosis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six (17.1%) of all 35 patients maintained normal renal function for 12-133 months during follow-up. Five patients had microhematuria and proteinuria, one had pulmonary hemorrhage only, and three manifested as Goodpasture syndrome. Renal biopsies from 4 patients revealed linear deposition of IgG 2+-3+ along the glomerular capillary walls by immunofluorescence. As shown by normal light microscopy, mild mesangial proliferation and crescentic glomerulonephritis with a large amount of fibrinoid necrosis of glomerular capillary walls were observed in different patients; however, most pathological changes were mild. Five of these six patients were treated with immunosuppressive drugs and/or plasma exchange. Compared with the control group, the 6 patients with normal renal function had significantly higher hemoglobin[(77.97±20.62 vs.(99.67±19.80 g/L P=0.024], lower titers of anti-GBM antibody[(224.34 ± 145.79 vs.(80.23 ± 85.73 EU/ml P=0.027], and lower ratio of glomeruli with crescents[(0.58±0.29 vs.(0.17±0.27 ,P=0.005]. These 6 patients with normal renal function were followed up for 12-133 months, among whom 4 patients achieved complete remission and 2 had mild proteinuria and microhematuria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anti-GBM disease with normal renal function is not uncommon. Most patients have mild pathologic changes and good prognosis.</p>

Study on corresponding areas the liver and lung channels in brain with fMRI / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore distribution of the Liver and Lung Channels in the brain so as to provide imaging basis for construction of channel theory in the brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty healthy student volunteers were randomly divided into a Liver Channel group (I) and a Lung Channel group (II), and the each group was further divided into five subgroups with 6 volunteers in each subgroup, based on five-shu-point principles which, were Dadun (LR 1, I 1), Xingjian (LR 2, I 2), Taichong (LR 3, I 3), Zhongfeng (LR 4, I 4), Ququan (LR 8, I 5), Shaoshang (LU 11, II 1), Yuji (LU 10, II 2), Taiyuan (LU 9, II 3), Jingqu (LU 8, II 4), and Chize (LU 5, II 5), respectively. In order to observe the brain activating patterns during acupuncture at the different acupoints, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique was adopted. All image data were then analyzed with SPM 2 software. The statistical parameter gram was composed of the pixel P < 0.01, and anatomic location was made according to Talairach coordinate, attaining experimentally activated areas, and the commonly activated area of five-shu-point of each channel was considered as the brain distribution of the Liver and Lung Channels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The common areas activated by the five-shu-points of the Liver Channel were homolateral Brodmann area (BA) 34, BA 47, red nucleus, contralateral BA 19, BA 30, BA 39, the superior parietal lobule, cerebellum decline, and bilateral BA 3 and culmen. The common areas activated by the five-shu-points of the Lung Channels included homolateral BA 2, BA 18, BA 35, and contralateral BA 9 and substania nigra.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are relatively specific corresponding brain areas for the Liver and Lung Channels, indicating that there is possible relatively specific connection between channels and the brain.</p>

Hypothesis on "all the 12 channels entering the brain" / 中国针灸

Out of the 20 channels in the channel and collateral system, only 5 enter the brain, with unclear circulation pathway in the brain. Electrophysiologic and imaging studies indicate that the signal induced by acupuncture at acupoints can enter the brain no matter whether the channel connecting the acupoint enters the brain. Therefore, the authors put forward the hypothesis of "all the 12 channels enter the brain", i.e., the hypothesis of "channels and collaterals in brain". In the theory system of channels, less channels enter the brain with unclear circulation pathway. This possibly is related with that sensation is main way for descovery of channels. In future, we should adopt modern scientific and technical ways and strengthen the study on circulation of channels in the brain, so as to perfect the channel theory.