Abundance of the reef-building Petaloconchus varians (Gastropoda: Vermetidae) on intertidal rocky shores at Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT The reef-building vermetid Petaloconchus varians occurs in the western Atlantic Ocean, from the Caribbean Sea to the southern coast of Brazil. The present study evaluated the abundance of P. varians on intertidal rocky shores in Ilha Grande Bay (Rio de Janeiro State), and characterized their reefs, describing the species density, besides the weight and the belt width of the reefs. Petaloconchus varians reefs were recorded at 25 sites, with rocky shores exposed to different wave action (very sheltered, sheltered, semi-exposed and exposed) and slopes (10° to 46°). Clusters of individuals constructed large reefs along the middle intertidal zone, creating a wide belt (38 cm to 2 m). The density of P. varians and the weight of the reefs ranged from 620 to 2,559 ind.100 cm-2 and from 100 to 1,500 g.100 cm-2, respectively. Considering that the species was last reported from the area in the mid-20th century, the present study suggests that P. varians reefs are becoming dominant in the intertidal zone of rocky shores in Ilha Grande Bay. This is a contribution to knowledge of this ecosystem in Ilha Grande Bay, in view of local or global ecological changes.

The effect of low salinity on teredinids

Teredinids survival in low salinities was determined in aquaria. Panels previously immersed in Ponta de Leste, Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, were transferred to aquaria with salinities ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 Practical Salinity Unities (PSU). The waters of Ilha Grande Bay receive a large amount of wood from the marginal rainforest vegetation, being suitable for the development of teredinids. The coastal areas of the bay are subjected to wide salinity fluctuations due to strong and sudden tropical storms. Eleven different species of teredinids were found in the panels. The critical salinity concentration for the survival of the two most common species was 11.93 PSU for Lyrodus floridanus and 12.90 PSU for Teredo furcifera. The effect of time on the mortality of teredinids at low salinities is also discussed.

A sobrevivência de moluscos bivalves perfurantes de madeira da família Teredinidae foi avaliada a partir de sua manutenção em aquários de baixa salinidade. Painéis de madeira previamente imersos em Ponta de Leste, Baía da Ilha Grande, RJ, foram transferidos para aquários, contendo água do mar, cujas concentrações salinas variaram de 5,0 a 15,0 PSU. A Baía da Ilha Grande recebe uma grande quantidade de madeira da vegetação marginal de Mata Atlântica, o que torna o ambiente particularmente favorável ao desenvolvimento de teredinídeos. As áreas costeiras da baía estão sujeitas a grandes variações salinas decorrentes de tempestades tropicais que ocorrem súbita e intensamente. A salinidade crítica à sobrevivência das duas espécies mais comuns nos painéis foi de 11,93, para Lyrodus floridanus e 12,90 para Teredo furcifera. O efeito do tempo na mortalidade dos teredinídeos, quando sujeitos a baixas salinidades, foi discutido.