RÉSUMÉ
Background: Phenytoin Sodium, a commonly prescribed anti-epileptic, with narrow therapeutic index, may interact with Rabeprazole, a commonly used Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI), as both are metabolized by CYP2C19, potentially impacting bioavailability, therapeutic outcomes, and patient safety. Methods: A total of 52 epileptic patients, previously stabilized on phenytoin, have now been prescribed Tab Rabeprazole for a minimum of 30 days and were included in the study after meeting the other inclusion criteria. On day-0, a blood sample was collected from these patients, and plasma phenytoin level was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, clinical evaluations and assessments of other routine laboratory parameters were conducted. The Follow-up evaluations was done on day-15 and day-30, replicating the procedures employed on day-0, including both clinical, laboratory assessments and plasma phenytoin level measurement using HPLC. All data was recorded in the case report form, and statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean Phenytoin level exhibited a non-significant increase, rising from 15.49 ?g/ml on day-0 to 15.57 ?g/ml on day-15 and further to 15.75 ?g/ml on day -0. Notably, there was no change in epilepsy outcomes concerning both seizure frequency and adverse effects. Additionally, there were no statistically significant changes observed in epilepsy control, SBP, DBP, and routine laboratory parameters, including haemoglobin, TLC, DLC, platelet count, serum albumin, serum globulin, serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, serum urea, serum creatinine, and BSL (random). Conclusions: The co-administration of rabeprazole with Phenytoin resulted in a non-significant increase in Phenytoin levels, while maintaining stable control of epilepsy.
RÉSUMÉ
This study provides an overview of the incidence of parasitic infections in individuals living in rural communities, highlighting the major parasites involved, risk factors, and potential interventions to mitigate the burden. This research work is therefore aimed at determining the incidence of parasitic infections among individuals living in rural areas. This study adopted a propulsive cross-sectional survey design to select fifty (50) individuals ranging from age twelve (12) to fifty-six (56) who met the inclusion criteria for the study which were recruited from rural areas specifically Abraka and its environs in Delta state, Nigeria. Stool samples were collected and brought immediately to the laboratory at the department for processing. The specimens were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of parasites. Parasitological standard examination methods were followed. Of the 50 stool samples, 22 were male and 28 were female. A total of 19 were positive for at least one parasite. Out of the total positive, Ascaris lumbricoides (78.9%) and Trichuris trichiura (21.1%) were present in stool samples. Parasitic infections were more prevalent in the age group (40-49) at 31.57% and the least prevalent age group (50-57) was 5.26%. It was also more prevalent in females than males at 52.64% respectively at 47.36%. The present study shows 38% parasitic infection which is still an important health problem in our region. Health awareness programs, personal hygiene, hand washing as well as the use of sanitary latrines to reduce the incidence of parasitic infections should be carried out in these communities.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: A P-drug is a clinician’s personal or preferred or priority choice drug. The study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and practice of P-drug, which helps postgraduates to prescribe medicines rationally. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the P-drug concept among postgraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: The study is a prospective, cross-sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study conducted in the tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 300 postgraduates, interns and consultants from Tertiary care teaching hospital from Maharashtra were enrolled and instructed to fill the questionnaire. These filled forms were collected, and data was analyzed. Results: Out of 300 members, 233 filled the questionnaire, and these forms are evaluated. About 49.7% among them are aware of P-drug, 43.4% are aware of P-treatment, 28.4% are not including fixed-dose combinations in their P-drug list, 42% are aware of the advantages of prescribing P-drug, and 48.4% felt that teaching programs are needed for preparing P-drug list. Conclusions: The P-drug concept is requisite for improving the quality of health care and practicing rational use of medicine. As only a few studies have been conducted on the P-drug idea in this institute, the institutional teaching review board should run teaching programs regarding the P-drug concept.
RÉSUMÉ
Chilaiditi's condition refers to the presence of a loop of small intestine or colon between the diaphragm and the hepatic rim, usually due to alterations in the attachment of the liver to the diaphragm. Chilaiditi syndrome is associated with abdominal pain as the most common clinical manifestation. Pneumoperitoneum should always be ruled out in the context of these patients. We presented the case of a male in his eighth decade of life who presented with data suggestive of drug-modified acute appendicitis, for which computed tomography of the abdomen identified acute appendicitis and Chilaiditi's condition. An open appendectomy was performed without complications and the condition resolved.
RÉSUMÉ
Abstract This research aimed to estimate the length-weight ratio (LWR) of the stingray Potamotrygon wallacei, known locally as the cururu, which was caught in streams and lakes in the middle Negro River region, Amazonas, Brazil. The stingrays were captured during the night (from 11 pm to 1 am) near the shores of streams and lakes, through active search using wooden canoes, head lanterns and scoop nets. The samplings were carried out in November 2017 (5 days), February (8 days), March (3 days) and April (2 days) of 2018, totaling 18 days of sampling. The total fresh weight was measured to 0.1 g of accuracy and the disc width to 0.1 cm accuracy. The parameters a and b of the equation W=a.DWb were estimated. This study provides new maximum length data for the cururu stingray.
Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estimar a relação peso-comprimento (LWR) da arraia Potamotrygon wallacei, conhecida localmente como cururu, que foi capturada em igarapés e lagos na região do médio Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. As arraias foram capturadas durante a noite (das 23h-1h) nas margens dos igarapés e lagos, por meio de busca ativa utilizando canoas de madeira, lanternas de cabeça e puçás. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de novembro de 2017 (5 dias), fevereiro (8 dias), março (3 dias) e abril (2 dias) de 2018, totalizando 18 dias de amostragem. Foram medidos o peso fresco total com precisão de 0,01 g e a largura do disco com precisão de 0,1 cm. Os parâmetros a e b da equação W= a.DWb foram estimados. Este estudo prover novos dados de comprimento máximo para a arraia cururu.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction.Les formes majeures dedrépanocytose sont une source de perturbation des paramètres lipidiques. Cette perturbation est impliquée dans l'apparition de nombreuses maladies cardiovasculaires telles que les accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Cette étude avait pour but d'établir la relation entre les formes majeures de la drépanocytaire, le risque athérogène et l'état inflammatoire des sujets. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visé analytique qui s'est déroulée dans les services d'hématologie du CHU de Cocody et dans le laboratoire de biochimie de l'UFR des Sciences Médicales d'Abidjan portant sur les sujets drépanocytaires majeurs et de sujets apparemment sains admis au CHU de Cocody pendant la période de l'étude. Résultats.Nous avons recrutéun total de 57 sujets drépanocytaires (SS, SC, Sß0,Sß+) et 44 sujets apparemment sains sur la base d'une électrophorèse de l'hémoglobine.L'âge moyen des sujets drépanocytaires était de 17,77 ans avec des extrêmes de 2 et 67 ans. On notait une prédominance féminine avec un sex-ratio de 1,48.Les cholestérolémies totales moyennes des drépanocytaires SS et SC étaient plus faibles comparativement à celles des drépanocytaires Sß0, Sß+et de la population témoin avec une différence statistiquement significative (p= 0,0031).Les triglycéridémies moyennes des drépanocytaires (SS et SC) étaient plus basses en comparaison à celles des témoins et des drépanocytaires Sß0et Sß+. Les valeurs moyennes de l'indice d'athérogénicité des sujets drépanocytaires étaient élevées que chez les témoins avec une différence statistiquement significative(p = 0,001). les drépanocytaires avaient des concentrations de CRP significativement plus élevée avec p = 0, 0015.Conclusion.Chez les sujets drépanocytaires, les valeurs augmentées de l'indice d'athérogénicité, des triglycérides, de la CRP et la baisse de la concentration du cholestérol HDL expliqueraient un risque athérogène plus élevé. Il est importantd'introduire le bilan lipidique dans le suivi du patient drépanocytaire
Introduction.The major forms of sickle cell disease are a source of disruption to lipid parameters. This disruption is implicated in the development of many cardiovascular diseases such as strokes. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the major forms of sickle cell disease, atherogenic risk, and the inflammatory state of subjects. Methodology.This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the hematology departments of the Cocody University Hospital and the biochemistry laboratory of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Abidjan, focusing on major sickle cell subjects and apparently healthy subjects admitted to the Cocody University Hospital during the study period. Results.A total of 57 sickle cell subjects (SS, SC, Sß0, Sß+) and 44 apparently healthy subjects were recruited based on hemoglobin electrophoresis. The average age of sickle cell subjects was 17.77 years with a range of 2 to 67 years. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 1.48. The mean total cholesterol levels of SS and SC sickle cell subjects were lower compared to those of Sß0, Sß+ sickle cell subjects and the control population with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0031). The mean triglyceride levels of sickle cell subjects (SS and SC) were lower compared to controls and Sß0 and Sß+ sickle cell subjects. The mean atherogenicity index valuesof sickle cell subjects were higher than in controls with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). Sickle cell subjects had significantly higher CRP concentrations with p=0.0015. Conclusion.In sickle cell subjects, increased values of the atherogenicity index, triglycerides, CRP, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels would explain a higher atherogenic risk. It is important to include lipid profile assessment in the treatmentent of sickle cell disease
RÉSUMÉ
Abstract This research aimed to estimate the length-weight ratio (LWR) of the stingray Potamotrygon wallacei, known locally as the cururu, which was caught in streams and lakes in the middle Negro River region, Amazonas, Brazil. The stingrays were captured during the night (from 11 pm to 1 am) near the shores of streams and lakes, through active search using wooden canoes, head lanterns and scoop nets. The samplings were carried out in November 2017 (5 days), February (8 days), March (3 days) and April (2 days) of 2018, totaling 18 days of sampling. The total fresh weight was measured to 0.1 g of accuracy and the disc width to 0.1 cm accuracy. The parameters a and b of the equation W=a.DWb were estimated. This study provides new maximum length data for the cururu stingray.
Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estimar a relação peso-comprimento (LWR) da arraia Potamotrygon wallacei, conhecida localmente como cururu, que foi capturada em igarapés e lagos na região do médio Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. As arraias foram capturadas durante a noite (das 23h-1h) nas margens dos igarapés e lagos, por meio de busca ativa utilizando canoas de madeira, lanternas de cabeça e puçás. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de novembro de 2017 (5 dias), fevereiro (8 dias), março (3 dias) e abril (2 dias) de 2018, totalizando 18 dias de amostragem. Foram medidos o peso fresco total com precisão de 0,01 g e a largura do disco com precisão de 0,1 cm. Os parâmetros a e b da equação W= a.DWb foram estimados. Este estudo prover novos dados de comprimento máximo para a arraia cururu.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Animaux , Rajidae , Rosa , 1766 , Brésil , RivièresRÉSUMÉ
Background: Assessment of the morbidity profile will help in the application of interventions, to improve the health status and the quality of life of the elderly Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the inmates of selected old age homes of Bangalore city between November to December 2019 using complete enumeration with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to assess morbidity profile and health seeking behaviour. Results: Majority of the study population (54.5%) was in the age group of 60-69 years followed by 80 years and above (25.5%) and 66.7% of were female. Most common morbidity identified among the elderly were Musculoskeletal disorders 100 (30.3%) followed by Diabetes 70 (21.2%), Hypertension 58 (17.6%), respiratory diseases 38 (11.5%), and Eye problems 34 (10.3%),) respectively. Majority of them 208 (63.0%) relied on Government health facilities citing free services as the common reason; whereas 122 (37.0%) approached the private sector for health assistance owing to the ease of access. Conclusions: Findings of the present study further reiterates the growing burden of chronic morbidities in the geriatric age group. It calls for programmes for creation of awareness among the elderly regarding regular medical checkups to ensure prevention and early detection of the chronic diseases.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Self-medication, managing health issues without professional guidance, poses significant risks to individuals and public health. Prevalence rates vary globally, often higher in low-income countries due to limited healthcare access. While self-medication offers cost-effective solutions for minor ailments, it may lead to misuse, adverse effects and financial burdens. Identifying factors driving self-medication is crucial for tailored interventions. This study aims to assess self-medication prevalence, practice, and influencing factors in a Kerala village. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study included 212 participants (?18 years) selected via convenient sampling. A pre-tested questionnaire collected socio-demographic data, self-medication prevalence, and influencing factors. Self-medication was defined as OTC drug use without consulting a medical graduate. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, with chi-square tests for bivariate analysis (p?0.05). Results: Participants (mean age: 38.13±15.56) reported 53.8% self-medication. Acute illness individuals self-medicated more (80.7% purchased from independent pharmacies). Time constraints (24.5%) and expired prescriptions (42.1%) drove self-medication. Medication choice was influenced by cost (54.3%), brand reputation (21.1%), and both (24.6%), with pharmacist recommendations (36.0%) playing a role. Self-medication was common among ages 41-60 (64.3%) and those with lower education levels (77.8% primary, 70.5% middle). Acute illness individuals self-medicated more (66%) than chronic cases (34%). Conclusions: This rural Kerala study identifies a 53.8% self-medication rate, affected by age, education, and healthcare preferences. Targeted interventions are needed for ethical self-medication and improved healthcare practices.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Every woman deserves respectful maternity care, throughout her journey to motherhood. However, disrespectful maternity care is prevalent in various settings. It has an effect on the utilization of services. It can be more explored from the witness of maternity. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of accredited social health activists on respectful maternity care in Odisha, India. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among 24 ASHAs with more than two years of experience to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. This study was conducted in three distinct Odisha districts, India. Results: Two main themes emerged: Community health workers’ experiences and perception towards disrespectful care, and Factors contributing to irrational care. Participants explained that verbal abuse was the most common use of health care providers. The consequences of such abusive behavior hinder the effective and efficient performance of their role, especially when it comes to their role in the facility. The study highlighted major gaps in the behavior and attitudes of healthcare providers at the facility level. Conclusions: Despite the lack of knowledge and training related to RMC, ASHAs acknowledged the abusive and disrespectful behavior of health care providers not only towards the child-bearing women but also towards the accompanying person, i.e., ASHA or a member of the family. Such mistreatment often acts as a barrier to the use of public health services, such as the institutional delivery of child-bearing mothers. A need for orientation and training on RCM among healthcare professionals, along with appropriate monitoring of implementation.
RÉSUMÉ
Blackgram is an important pulse crop in India. One of the major constraints on blackgram production is the attack of pathogens, which leads to yield loss. Nowadays, with the understanding of harmful effects of chemical fungicides, biocontrol methods are gaining more importance. One such method is biopriming with endophytes to control pathogens and enhance yield. In the present study, the endophytes of blackgram seeds was explored and tested for its biocontrol potential against major seed- and soil-borne pathogens and growth promotion in blackgram. A total of 14 bacterial endophytic isolates were obtained and screened against Macropomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Among them, BSE5 isolate was proven to be more efficient in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum, with per cent inhibition of 22.5 and 50.6, respectively, following BSE9. Both the isolates showed improved plant growth parameters like germination percentage, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index. Molecular characterisation of BSE5 and BSE9 confirmed that the isolates are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus xiamenensis.
RÉSUMÉ
The present study focused on the nutritional evaluation and pasting properties of gluten-free and refined wheat flour. Gluten-free kodo and kutki flour and refined wheat flour were used as raw materials for the experiment. Nutritional content was estimated using an Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) approved method of analysis. The pasting properties of flour samples were determined with a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). Results of the nutritional analysis of gluten-free flours indicated higher mineral content in kodo, followed by kutki and refined wheat flour, while ash content was highest for kodo flour and lowest for wheat flour among the investigated flours. The higher amount of protein, minerals, biomolecule components, and high fiber content in millet flour makes it a good alternative among other flours to develop millet-fortified, healthier food products. The higher peak viscosity observed for kutki compared to kodo and wheat flour may be due to the lower protein content and higher ash content present in kodo flour. The final viscosities ranged from 2186 to 6453 cP, with the highest for kutki flour, followed by kodo and refined wheat flour. FV increases significantly with an increase in protein and fat content. The greater breakdown viscosity was found for kutki flour, followed by kodo and refined wheat flour, indicating that kutki flour has a low ability to withstand shear stress and heat. Lower setback values indicate a low rate of starch retro gradation and synerisis in refined wheat flour. The greater pasting temperature was shown by kutki flour, depicting the higher energy and time required for cooking and correlating with higher amylose content.
RÉSUMÉ
Mental health problems during childhood and adolescence are a major health concern globally. Children in welfare centres pose varied emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and need special treatment with a multidisciplinary approach. Homoeopathy has an evidence base for effectiveness in the management of some behavioural problems in children. Objective was to evolve the approach to mental health intervention using homeopathic medicines in the management of behavioural issues in children at a child welfare centre (CWC) through an outreach initiative. A screening program was conducted on 46 children at a child welfare centre, out of which 20 children were diagnosed with mental health issues according to ICD-10 criteria. These children were treated with individualised homoeopathic medicines and are followed up in regular intervals to assess the changes in behaviour of children after homoeopathic intervention. 3 cases of conduct disorders are illustrated to show the constitutional approach in children with behavioural problems. Causal attribution to the outcome after intervention are described as per Monarch criteria. 85% of cases were found to have moderate to marked improvement after 1 year of treatment. The remedies indicated are Sulphur (6), Carcinosinum (3), Natrum Mur (3), Silicea (2), Lachesis, Lycopodium, Merc Sol, Phosphorus, Staphysagria and Tarantula hispanica. Individualized homoeopathic medicines are found to be useful in the management of EBP of children in CWC. This preliminary mental health outreach serves as a model for future pragmatic research. Studies with appropriate study designs focussing on specific behavioural problems in juvenile delinquents are suggested.
RÉSUMÉ
An utmost attempt was made to investigate the response of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to certain types and doses of organic manures at under open condition at temperate regions of Uttarakhand during the year 2019-2020. The study comprised of varying levels of three different organic manure sources namely, FYM, compost and vermicompost, along with a check treatment replicating thrice having plot having dimensions 1 m× 1 m with a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Forty-five (45) days old chamomile seedlings (attained about 10-15 cm in height) were transplanted during October, 2019 under open field condition. The soils of the experimental site were tested favourable with respect to some of the basic physical and chemical properties. The results revealed that maximum plant height (48.26 cm), number of branches per plant (35.40) and plant spread (33.09 cm) were significantly higher under T4 (FYM @ 25 t/ha) application at 180 days after transplanting. Application of T10 (VC @ 4 t/ha) produced early flowering (119.73 days). At bud initiation stage the highest total fresh (33.12 q/ha) and dry (7.59 q/ha) biomass yield were found in T4 (FYM @ 25 t/ha). At flowering stage maximum value of total fresh (60.02 q/ha) and dry (12.70 q/ha) biomass yield were found in T10 (VC @ 4 t/ha). The results, further revealed that T10 provided the fastest crop growth rate (0.86 g/m2/day). The highest number of flowers per plant (139.73), fresh flower yield (67.35 q/ha), dry flower yield (13.95 q/ha) and maximum cost: benefit (1:3.56) were obtained in plots which received FYM @ 25 t/ha. All the organic input treatments performed better over control and the treatment FYM @ 25 t/ha shall be recommended for profitable organic cultivation of chamomile.
RÉSUMÉ
Colour plays an important role in consumer’s perception and acceptability of the food product. Therefore, colour measurement and analysis is one of the most important quality attributes to optimize the quality and value of food. Different blends of gluten-free maize flour, finger millet (Ragi) flour and quinova flour were used as raw materials for the development of pasta. Hunter Lab Colorimeter was used for measuring the surface color of the uncooked pasta samples. High quality pasta (either fresh or dried) is normally yellow in colour and the degree of yellowness can be calculated by using b* and L* values. Quality of pasta developed by different blend ratio of maize, ragi and quinova flours with different levels of CMC, Karaya Gum and dried at different drying temperature and air flow rates were evaluated in terms of L* values (lightness), b* values (yellowness) and Yellowness Index (YI). Results of colour analysis of gluten-free pasta samples indicated a significant effect of flours on L*, b* and YI while drying air temperature have a significant effect on b* values. Pasta samples prepared following optimized formulation 50:25:25 (Maize flour: Ragi, flour: Quinova flour) blend ratio, 5g CMC per 100g of blend ratio, 2.5g Karaya Gum per 100g of blend ratio, 60 0C drying air temperature and 0.78 m/sec. air flow rate provided optimum L*, b* and YI values with overall desirability of 0.545.
RÉSUMÉ
A 60-year-old male patient who presented with generalized weakness and low-grade fever was diagnosed to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with a CD4 count of 17. Routine laboratory investigations revealed pancytopenia. Serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive and fundoscopy showed CMV retinitis in the right eye. The patient was started on tablet valganciclovir. After 2 weeks, the patient was brought back in an altered sensorium. He was found to have hyponatremia which was corrected. He was started on antiretroviral therapy and tablet valganciclovir was continued. The patient came back again after one and a half months with a urinary tract infection and fissure-in-ano. He was found to have severe neutropenia. Valganciclovir was stopped. He was started on injection granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The patient clinically improved and his hematological parameters became normal. Patients having HIV and CMV co-infection with pre-existing pancytopenia have to be closely monitored as the medicines used for treatment can exacerbate the existing conditions.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To describe the clinical and laboratory profle, management, intensive care needs, and outcome of children with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care center in North India. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 10 y (January 2011–December 2020) including children<12 y with TSS (n=63). Results The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 5 (2–9) y, 58.7% were boys, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM-III) score was 15 (12–17). The primary focus of infection was identifed in 60.3% children, 44.5% had skin and soft tissue infections, and 17.5% (n=11) had growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Common manifestations were shock (100%), rash (95.2%), thrombocytopenia (79.4%), transaminitis (66.7%), coagulopathy (58.7%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (52.4%); and involvement of gastrointestinal (61.9%), mucus membrane (55.5%), respiratory (47.6%), musculoskeletal (41.3%), and central nervous system (CNS) (31.7%). The treatment included fuid resuscitation (100%), vasoactive drugs (92.1%), clindamycin (96.8%), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (92.1%), blood products (74.6%), mechanical ventilation (58.7%), and renal replacement therapy (31.7%). The mortality was 27% (n=17). The duration of PICU and hopsital stay was 5 (4–10) and 7 (4–11) d, respectively. Higher proportion of nonsurvivors had CNS involvement, transaminitis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and AKI; required mechanical ventilation and blood products; and had higher vasoactive–inotropic score. Conclusion TSS is not uncommon in children in Indian setup. The management includes early recognition, intensive care, antibiotics, source control, and adjunctive therapy (IVIG and clindamycin). Multiorgan dysfunction and need for organ supportive therapies predicted mortality.
RÉSUMÉ
Rice is a staple food and its demand is substantially increasing with the growth of the global population. Phenological development was found to play a signi?cant role in the distribution of carbon among plant organs, which has an impact on rice yield. Temperature affects plant phenology, and the current rapid climate change has revived interest in understanding and modelling plant phenology response to the warming trend. Two rice varieties viz., Jyothi (short duration variety) and Jaya (medium duration variety) were raised at Agriculture Research Station, Mannuthy, during the kharif season of 2021 and phenological observations viz., days to 50% flowering and physiological maturity were recorded. The phenophase has been also predicted from the Info-Crop and CERES-DSSAT for both varieties during the experimental period for validation. To study the phenology changes in future conditions i.e., near (2030), mid (2050) and end (2080) century, future weather data has been downloaded from the GFDL-CM3 climate model under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Using the projected weather data, the phenophase of both varieties has been predicted using Info-Crop and CERES-DSSAT models. During the base period, Jyothi took 71 days and Jaya took 75 days to reach 50% flowering, while the total duration was found to be 101 days in Jyothi and 108 days in Jaya. In the case of 50% flowering, CERES-DSSAT predicted more accurately for Jyothi while InfoCrop predicted more accurately for Jaya. The prediction of physiological maturity was found to be more accurate using CERES-DSSAT in Jaya and Info-Crop in Jyothi. Validation results showed that both models can be used to predict the phenophases of rice varieties. The predicted duration during base period was compared with future duration. In Info-Crop model, the days to 50% flowering of Jyothi variety in near, mid and end century is expected to reduce by 3, 3 and 4 days in RCP 4.5 scenario and 1, 3 and 4 days in RCP 8.5 scenario whereas for Jaya variety, it is by 2, 3 and 3 days in RCP 4.5 and 1, 3 and 3 days in RCP 8.5 scenario respectively. CERES-DSSAT model predicted reduction of 50% flowering duration of Jyothi variety in near, mid and century by 1, 2 and 3 days in RCP 4.5 scenario and 1, 2 and 2 days in RCP 8.5 scenario whereas for Jaya variety, the reduction is by 2, 2 and 3 days in RCP 4.5 scenario and 1, 2 and 3 days in RCP 8.5 scenario respectively. The physiological maturity is projected to shorten by 3-6 days in Jyothi and 4-5 days in Jaya, by the end century. Results showed that the temperature rise in future can cause the considerable reduction in duration to attain 50% flowering and physiological maturity of rice varieties.
RÉSUMÉ
Background@#Accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) can change the normal course of emerging branches of the infraorbital nerve and blood vessels exiting the infraorbital foramen (IOF). This study aimed to examine the AIOF, number of foramina, and their position in relation to IOF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). @*Methods@#We performed a retrospective CBCT assessment of hospital records between January 2018 and August 2022. The CBCT of 507 patients were examined to extract information on the prevalence, number, position, linear distance from the IOF, and diameter of AIOF in relation to demographic factors. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the prevalence of AIOF. Mean and standard deviation were used to calculate the linear distance and diameter of the AIOF, respectively. The AIOFs, its distribution, and number were compared between sexes and sides using the chi-square test. The independent t-test and Mann–Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the mean difference between the sexes and sides. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. @*Results@#In this current study, the prevalence of AIOF was 7.1% (36 of the 507 patients). Additionally, the current study examined the number of foramina using a single foramen on each side and double foramina located bilaterally at a distance from the AIOF to the IOF. The mean AIOF diameter was also studied, and the AIOF position with respect to the IOF on CBCT was superomedial or inferomedial. There were no statistically significant associations between any of the parameters assessed in this study when comparing sex and sides. @*Conclusions@#A greater number of patients with AIOF presented with a single foramen and unilateral occurrence, without a statistically significant difference. The AIOF was most commonly located superomedial to the IOF.
RÉSUMÉ
Surgical resection plays pivotal role in the treatment of gastric cancer. Adequate preoperative evaluation, precise intraoperative maneuver and delicate postoperative management lay the foundation for successful gastrectomy. The aim of preoperative evaluation is to stage tumor and identify potential risk factors (including preoperative factors like age, ASA status, body mass index, comorbidity, hypoalbuminemia, and intraoperative factors like blood loss and combined resection) which could lead to postoperative complication. With the management of prehabilitation, adequate medical decision could be made and patient's fast recovery could be ensured. With the rapid adoption of ERAS concept, there is increasing attention to prehabilitation which focus on optimization of cardio-pulmonary capacity and muscular-skeletal capacity. Despite of the efficacy of prehabilitation demonstrated by randomized controlled trials, consensus has yet to be reached on the following items: specific intervention, optimal measurement, candidate population and optimal timing for intervention. Balancing the efficiency and safety, preoperative evaluation could be put into clinical practice smoothly.